Suchergebnisse

A symposium on Paul Buhle's Taking Care of Business: Samuel Gompers, George Meany, Lane Kirkland, and the Tragedy of American Labor is presented; contributors include Stanley Aronowitz, Jane Slaughter, Peter Rachleff, William B. Gould IV, Michael Goldfield, Staughton Lynd, Kim Moody, & Michael Hirsch. Various aspects of Buhle's history of the trade union movement in the US are discussed: business unionism's reliance on politicians & collective bargaining; trade unions' attempts to preserve power despite rank & file challenges; the interplay of social & cultural factors within the trade union movement; the effects of John Sweeney's leadership within the AFL-CIO; Samuel Gompers's & George Meany's respective influences within the American Federation of Labor; the reluctance of trade unions to place workers' concerns first; the significance of C. L. R. James's work on labor theory; the continuing longevity of business unionism; & the extent of racial & ethnic exclusion within US trade unions. In addition, Paul Buhle responds to the respective contributions, emphasizing the accuracy of the contributors' critiques of John Sweeney & the implications of 20th-century labor movement history on future trade union politics. J. W. Parker

Argues that the continued relevance of Lucien Goldmann lies in the twin aspects of his work as both a critical sociology & a social philosophy united by the theme of community. Focus is on his reinterpretation of Marxism as a revolutionary faith. It is observed that Goldmann traced the rise of Western individualism through the emergence of the market economy & the struggle of Englightenment philosophy against the obscurantism of the church. This radical individualism was opposed by G. W. F. Hegel's, Karl Marx's, & others' dialectical intuition that the transindividual subject was the proper point of departure for action & knowledge. It is suggested that Goldmann recognized, as few scholars have, the element of faith in these transindividual values. This faith in human community is described in terms of Pascal's wager, which claimed that the existence of God was a good bet. While Pascal's wager concerned the religious, & Marx's concerned the purely immanent & historical nature of society, it is concluded that the two have in common a provocative affirmation of faith & tragedy & an opposition to individualist visions of the world. D. M. Smith

This historical retrospective study used a case study methodology to examine a northwest coastal village's response to the downsizing of its primary employer. Using an integrated community development model advanced by Ife, the community's transition process was examined and analyzed. Using direct observation, semi-structured interviews and secondary analysis of documents, newspapers and public meetings, the findings of this study indicated that the affected village faced a myriad of difficulties in mediating this transition. These difficulties included the formation of an effective ad hoc group to negotiate with government bureaucracies, and government's residual approach to communities in crisis. Social work services were seen as critical components in any transition, both to assist those negatively affected and to help develop community consensus and encourage broad participation in the re-creation of community.--Page ii. ; The original print copy of this thesis may be available here: http://wizard.unbc.ca/record=b1199747

This historical retrospective study used a case study methodology to examine a northwest coastal village's response to the downsizing of its primary employer. Using an integrated community development model advanced by Ife, the community's transition process was examined and analyzed. Using direct observation, semi-structured interviews and secondary analysis of documents, newspapers and public meetings, the findings of this study indicated that the affected village faced a myriad of difficulties in mediating this transition. These difficulties included the formation of an effective ad hoc group to negotiate with government bureaucracies, and government's residual approach to communities in crisis. Social work services were seen as critical components in any transition, both to assist those negatively affected and to help develop community consensus and encourage broad participation in the re-creation of community.--Page ii. ; The original print copy of this thesis may be available here: http://wizard.unbc.ca/record=b1199747

The present article summarizes the main aspects of marketing evolution, which is characterized by the development of both "inward" - throughout the whole system of company's business-process, and "outwards" - into the social and political society sphere. These processes are described on the example of the research of marketing and PR-activities of the leading world universities. The research was conducted by the Marketing department of RUDN University in the spring of 2016 in the frame of Russian Academic Excellence Project 5-100. As part of the study the methods and tools of the universities' promotion were examined and summarized through the corporate websites, social media and traditional media. The conclusions about the running information traffic which is generated by the universities and which is focused on both external and internal target audience were done.

SummaryThe "transnational turn" is one of the most discussed topics in historiography, yet it has inspired more theoretical tension than empirically saturated studies. This article combines both aspects by examining the transnational network formation of one of the most important social movements in late imperial Russia, the Jewish Labour Bund. It furthermore introduces into historiography one of the most fruitful theories in recent social sciences, "actor-network theory". This opens the view on the steady recreation of a social movement and reveals how closely the history of the Bund in eastern Europe was interwoven with large socialist organizations in the New World. Based on a large number of sources, this contribution to migration and movement history captures the creation and the limits of global socialist networks. As a result, it shows that globalization did not only create economic or political networks but that it impacted the everyday lives of authors and journalists as well as those of tailors and shoemakers.

While confidential informants (CI's) can play a crucial role in police investigations, they also have the potential to cause great harm if they are dishonest. The process by which police agencies qualify a CI to work and the strength of agency policy may be the source of the problem. This Brief examines the integrity problem involving CIs in police operations within the United States, provides an overview of pitfalls and problems related to veracity and informant integrity including the difficulties in detecting when a CI is lying, and compares the provisions of actual published police policy to the model CI policy published by the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP). The analysis shows a wide divergence between actual police policy and the national standard promulgated by the IACP. The Brief provides policy recommendations for improving use of CIs that can potentially reduce or eliminate integrity problems that can lead to organizational accidents such as wrongful arrests and convictions, injuries or deaths. Some Courts have issued measures to ensure that information received from CIs is reliable by examining sworn testimony and documents related to their work. However, as this Brief explores, this judicial effort arises only after a police operation has taken place, and the use of force - even deadly force-has already been employed. The author proposes integrity testing beforehand, which would allow police to have a greater understanding of a CI's motivation, ability and veracity when conducting law enforcement operations. In addition, there are aspects of police policy that can enhance CI management such as training, supervision and entrapment that can further guard against integrity problems. Although integrity testing is not flawless, it does interpose an additional step in the CI management process that can help guard against wrongful conviction and perjury that harms the judicial process

Technology is breaking politics - what can be done about it? Artificially intelligent "bot" accounts attack politicians and public figures on social media. Conspiracy theorists publish junk news sites to promote their outlandish beliefs. Campaigners create fake dating profiles to attract young voters. We live in a world of technologies that misdirect our attention, poison our political conversations, and jeopardize our democracies. With massive amounts of social media and public polling data, and in depth interviews with political consultants, bot writers, and journalists, Philip N. Howard offers ways to take these "lie machines" apart. Lie Machines is full of riveting behind the scenes stories from the world's biggest and most damagingly successful misinformation initiatives-including those used in Brexit and U.S. elections. Howard not only shows how these campaigns evolved from older propaganda operations but also exposes their new powers, gives us insight into their effectiveness, and shows us how to shut them down.

This book explores the relationship between the state, development policy, and gender (in)equality in India. It discusses the formation of state policy on gender and development in India in the post-1990 period through three key organising concepts of institutions, discourse, and agency. The book pays particular attention to whether the international policy language of gender mainstreaming has been adopted by the Indian state, and if so, to what extent and with what results. The author examines how these issues play out at multiple levels of governance - at both the national and the subnational (state) level in federal India. This comparative aspect is particularly important in the context of increasing autonomy in development policymaking in India in the 1990s, divergent development policy approaches and outcomes among states, and the emerging importance of subnational state development policies and programmes for women in this period. The author argues that the state is not a monolith but a heterogeneous, internally differentiated collection of institutions, which offers complex and varying opportunities and consequences for feminists engaging the state. Demonstrating that the Indian empirical case is illuminating for studies of the gendered politics of development, and international debates on gender mainstreaming, the book highlights the politics of negotiating gender equality strategies in the contemporary context of neo-liberal development and brings together complex issues of modernity, postcolonialism, identity politics, federalism, and equality within the broader context of the world's largest democracy. This book will be of interest to scholars interested in the politics of gender equality, state feminism, and gender mainstreaming; federalism and multi-level governance; and development studies and gender in South Asia.

The variable tries to capture the degree of realism of the fictional entertainment format. It was used in a systematization of TV series and movies that aimed to structure the field with regard to politics in fictional entertainment (Eilders & Nitsch, 2014, 2015; Nitsch & Eilders, 2014). Field of application/theoretical foundation The perceived degree of realism is usually considered in effect studies (as a moderating variable). However, it can also be applied to the fictional content and helps differentiating the innumerable fictional productions. It might be assumed that fictional entertainment formats with many references to social reality elicit other effects than TV series and movies that do not include aspects that are familiar to the audience from real-life. References/combination with other methods of data collection --- Example study Eilders & Nitsch (2015) Information on Eilders & Nitsch, 2015 Authors: Christiane Eilders & Cordula Nitsch Research interest: empirical classification of movies and TV series regarding their political intensity and degree of realism Object of analysis: 114 movies and 98 TV series Timeframe of analysis: 1990-2013 Information about variable Variable name/definition: degree of realism Degree of realism is indicated through four variables: realism 1) in terms of events, 2) in terms of characters, 3) in terms of time, and 4) in terms of places. Every indicator was coded on a scale ranging from 0 (no realism at all) to 3 (high degree of realism). Realism in terms of events regards the degree to which the plot refers to real-life events (e.g., historical references, bank holidays). Realism of characters captures whether real actors or institutions are addressed in the plot. It was coded whether real characters played no role (0), a marginal role (1), a minor role (2), or a major role (3) in the TV series or movie. Realism in terms of time measures the time between the year of production and the year in which the fictional plot takes place. 0 was coded for plots ...

Inaugural iSchool Lecture, Linnaeus University Växjö, Sweden, Monday, 7 May 2018 The growth of information studies, as reflected by the international expansion of iSchools, reflects a broad research and teaching agenda in social, technical, institutional, and political aspects of the information society. As data science, scholarship, and stewardship are central to the iSchool agenda, they provide a framework to launch the new iSchool at Linnaeus University. Whereas almost all fields of scholarship today are conducting data-intensive research, only a few areas are adept at exploiting "big data." "Little data" remains the norm in those many fields where evidence is scarce and labor-intensive to acquire. Until recently, data was considered part of the process of scholarship, essential but largely invisible. In the "big data" era, data have become valuable products to be captured, shared, reused, and stewarded for the long term. They also have become contentious intellectual property to be protected. Public policy leans toward open access to research data, but rarely provides the public investment necessary to sustain access. Enthusiasm for big data is obscuring the complexity and diversity of data in scholarship and the challenges for stewardship. Data practices are local, varying from field to field, individual to individual, and country to country. As the number and variety of research partners expands, so do the difficulties of sharing, reusing, and sustaining access to data. Until the larger questions of knowledge infrastructures and stewardship are addressed by research communities, "no data" may become the norm for many fields. This talk will explore the stakes and stakeholders in research data, focusing on implications for iSchool policy and practice, drawing upon the presenter's book, Big Data, Little Data, No Data: Scholarship in the Networked World (MIT Press, 2015), and subsequent research.

Discusses governance and economic issues related to colleges and universities in the US; some comparison with Europe; 12 articles and a review article. Contents: The environment of American higher education: a constellation of changes, by Roger Benjamin; Engaged universities: lessons from the land-grant universities and extension, by George R. McDowell; Urban universities: meeting the needs of students, by Gerry Riposa; Corporatization of the university: seeking conceptual clarity, by Henry Steck; Issues in university governance: more "professional" and less academic, by William L. Waugh Jr.; The future of college access: the declining role of public higher education in promoting equal opportunity, by Michael Mumper; Housing students: fraternities and residential colleges, by Guillermo de Los Reyes and Paul Rich; Trends in postsecondary science in the United States, by David D. Kumar; Information and communication technology and the new university: a view on eLearning, by Cheol H. Oh; The social context of applied science: a model undergraduate program, by Ming Ivory; Integrating tertiary education in Europe, by Heather Field; Markets, management, and "reengineering" higher education, by Roger Green; The literature of higher education, by Norma Contreras and Paul Rich.

In this article we intend to discuss the intertwining of sociological and demographic perspectives in tourism on the Romanian coast that are directly translated into tourist demand and services requested by tourists.
The family as a social group plays an important role in tourism both from the perspective of the local family in the tourist area and from the perspective of the family as a tourist group. The generation transmits social thinking, changes, habits, which flow directly into the social environment, locally or nationally.
The profession is a representative career factor for an original tourism that ensures the maintenance of the traditional status, economic and social area. This includes job security, salary but also a work-life balance. The intergenerational transmission of the professions in the tourist environment is important in maintaining the local customs and habits, a representative feature for an original tourism.
Migration is a key factor in tourism due to the need for skilled labor. The instability of economic and social factors has caused professionally qualified people to emigrate to European countries for a better life. On the other hand, the tourist units use the labor force from Africa and Asia, for which a better life is represented by a job in Romania.
The connection of this triple biography with the typology of tourists consists in the direct influence they have on the population that forms the tourist area and on the quality of life of the locals and tourists who choose the tourist destination.
The hypothesis we start from is that in order to talk about a satisfactory quality of life, there must be a balance between family life, profession and migration, the need to move to another territory determined by economic, social, political or natural factors.
We consider the fact that the family represents an important element in the Romanian tourism as a social factor because each family has its own traditions, its own professional environment regardless of whether it is imposed by the generation or represents one's own choice of the family member. Most of the time, the family environment forms the tourist environment in which the culture, traditions, gastronomy, clothing specific to the tourist area are presented, transmitted and lived, these aspects being sought by tourists.
Due to the fact that starting from education, individual and group social needs are formed, we can identify different types of tourism implemented in different areas from a demographic, social, cultural, economic point of view.

La crise sanitaire de la COVID-19 a mis en tension les registres de la reconnaissance au travail en (ré)interrogeant ses différents aspects (symboliques, matériels ou encore réglementaires) et leurs articulations. Cet article propose de mettre en perspective des enjeux relatifs à la continuité de l'activité en temps de pandémie pour une catégorie professionnelle socialement dévalorisée avec le processus de formalisation des situations ouvrant droit à une reconnaissance en maladie professionnelle. Sur la base de plusieurs recherches qualitatives, dont une menée de façon longitudinale, il montre comment ces différents enjeux se sont trouvés cristallisés chez des intervenantes du secteur marchand de l'aide à domicile. Le contexte de pénurie d'équipements de protection rencontré au début de la crise, en particulier des masques, a accentué les problématiques qui se posaient alors sur le plan de l'organisation de la prévention des affections du travail. Parallèlement, le registre martial largement déployé politiquement interrogeait la reconnaissance des « soldats » et les cadres institutionnels par lesquels elle allait être formalisée. Les revendications en ce sens ont différé selon les acteurs considérés, reprenant pour certaines les critiques adressées de longue date au système de reconnaissance des maux du travail.

Dans le contexte actuel d'effritement de la société salariale, la question des frontières du temps de travail apparaît comme un bon analyseur des transformations de la subordination salariale, tant la référence au temps de travail a été instituée en mesure de la contribution salariale et en borne de l'emprise patronale sur la vie du salarié.
La discontinuité et la brièveté des missions font de l'expérience de l'intérim une participation en « pointillés » au monde du travail; elles rendent plus floue et perméable la frontière entre chômage et activité, et par là même plus problématique l'articulation des temps sociaux.
Comment des jeunes diplômés en insertion professionnelle vivent-ils cette flexibilisation du temps de travail ? Après une présentation générale de leur rapport à l'emploi intérimaire, nous rendons compte des logiques de débordement du temps de travail auxquelles les expose l'entrée dans la condition intérimaire. Nous identifions ensuite quelques ressources « de distance au rôle » susceptibles d'endiguer cet effet. Au-delà des formes singulières de mobilisation productive de cette catégorie de main-d'oeuvre, la porosité des frontières entre temps de travail et temps hors travail éclaire certains aspects des transformations actuelles de la subordination salariale.