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The initial agrarian reform program of distributing land to the landless won over the poorer Ru masses that form the main Chines pop. By staged evolution of co-operative org, land has now become state property, making almost all Chinese landless in the strict sense. The consolidation of farm land into co-operatively managed units permits policy control, taxation, agri'al public works programs, agri'al manag, & crop collection to be more effectively handled than was formerly the case. Longrange major improvement programs actually are expanding the farm landscape, developing irrigation, reducing floods, & improving yields. An integral feature of econ planning is a new effect. The pop Z now stands close to 640,000,000, with an annual increase of about 11,000,000 & death rates comparable to those in advanced countries. The essentially intensive agriculture is being further intensified. Some headway is being, made & the Chinese pop is a little better off in basic, essential needs than it formerly was. Mechanization & other features typical of agri'al improvement elsewhere are being pushed as long-term improvements which are just beginning to show results. AA.

There is consensus in literature that urban areas have become increasingly vulnerable to the outcomes of economic restructuring under the neoliberal political economic ideology. The increased frequency and widening diversity of problems offer evidence that the socio-economic and spatial policies, planning and practices introduced under the neoliberal agenda can no longer be sustained. As this shortfall was becoming more evident among urban policymakers, planners, and researchers in different parts of the world, a group of discontent researchers began searching for new approaches to addressing the increasing vulnerabilities of urban systems in the wake of growing socio-economic and ecological problems. This book is the joint effort of those who have long felt that contemporary planning systems and policies are inadequate in preparing cities for the future in an increasingly neoliberalising world. It argues that resilience thinking can form the basis of an alternative approach to planning. Drawing upon case studies from five cities in Europe, namely Lisbon, Porto, Istanbul, Stockholm, and Rotterdam, the book makes an exploration of the resilience perspective, raising a number of theoretical debates, and suggesting a new methodological approach based on empirical evidence. This book provides insights for intellectuals exploring alternative perspectives and principles of a new planning approach.

"We are, most of us," Mary Van Kleeck said in November 1957, "getting too old to talk." Near the end of more than two hours of interrogation by officials of the State Department's Passport Office, Van Kleeck tried to impress upon her questioners the commitment to social research and to social justice that underlay her career. The Passport Office, however, was more concerned about her Communist front and party affiliations, and she was in their offices that Thursday morning appealing their refusal to renew her passport. She was seventy-three years old and retired from public life. She wanted to travel, as had been her practice, to Holland, her ancestral home and the home of her closest friends. "I date way back of you young people," she told her two interrogators. "I think the work of my generation and our attitudes in international affairs is one of sympathy … to developments in other countries." But, she continued, "I don't think you people who don't know the period prior to the First World War can possibly see how deep our concern is."

As technology and legislation move forward (JAA & Eurocontrol, 2004) remotely controlled, semi-autonomous or autonomous Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) will play a significant role in providing services and enhancing safety and security of the military and civilian community at large (e.g. surveillance and monitoring) (Coifman et al., 2004). The potential market for UAVs is, however, much bigger than just surveillance. UAVs are ideal for risk assessment and neutralization in dangerous areas such as war zones and regions stricken by disaster, including volcanic eruptions, wildfires, floods, and even terrorist acts. As they become more autonomous, UAVs will take on additional roles, such as air-to-air combat and even planetary science exploration (Held et al., 2005). As the operational capabilities of UAVs are developed there is a perceived need for a significant increase in their level of autonomy, performance, reliability and integration with a controlled airspace full of manned vehicles (military and civilian). As a consequence researchers working with advanced UAVs have moved their focus from system modeling and low-level control to mission planning, supervision and collision avoidance, going from vehicle constraints to mission constraints (Barrientos et al., 2006). This mission-based approach is most useful for commercial applications where the vehicle must accomplish tasks with a high level of performance and maneuverability. These tasks require flexible and powerful trajectory-generation and guidance capabilities, features lacking in many of the current commercial UAS. For this reason, the purpose of this work is to extend the capabilities of commercially available autopilots for UAVs. Civil systems typically use basic trajectory-generation algorithms, capable only of linear waypoint navigation (Rysdyk, 2003), with a minimum or non-existent control over the trajectory. These systems are highly constrained when maneuverability is a mission requirement. On the other hand, military researchers have developed ...

Feminist historians have expended a good deal of energy on delineating the cultural concept of the Two Spheres This curious cultural phenomenon emerged in the wake of the evangelical revival and the Industrial Revolution, and caused people to believe that the world was divided into two to match the two sexes. The male part was the world of public affairs, commerce, business and, of course, the defence of the realm. The female centred on the private domain: home, family and children. The problem that this imposed on women has never yet been successfully resolved: the sexual division of labour and the domestic location of women's work. In Britain in the nineteenth century, as the population moved into the cities and standards of living rose (if patchily), the physical form of the modern urban environment took shape in ways which perpetuated the continuance of the Two Spheres. This was particularly true for middle-class women, whose lives in suburban retreats had little physical connection with the rest of the city. Of all the pressures which dictated the form of nineteenth-century cities, there was not one related to finding new ways for women to live in modern cities outside a rigid interpretation of the Two Spheres.

Designing and Planning Programs for Nonprofit and Government Organizations is a comprehensive guide for practitioners who must carry out program planning projects in nonprofit or government human service organizations. Authors Edward J. Pawlak and Robert D. Vinter-experts in the field of program planning-show how planning is a goal-directed activity that will succeed when its tasks are carried out in orderly, progressive stages. In this important resource, the authors walk practitioners and students through the entire process from initiation to completion of planning projects and examine the r

Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- Map of Scottish Crematoria -- Part 1 Architectural and Emotional Challenges -- 1 The Crematorium: A Building of Invisibility and Paradox -- Part 2 Scotland's Pioneering Crematoria 1895-1939 -- 2 The Call for Cremation: Glasgow, Scotland's First Crematorium -- 3 Warriston, Edinburgh: A Crematorium Fit for 'The Athens of the North' -- 4 The 1930s Tradition and Innovation: Dundee, Aberdeen (Kaimhill), Paisley and Seafield (Edinburgh) Crematoria -- Part 3 The Social and the Sacred: The Heroic Age of Local Authority Crematoria 1955-1975 -- 5 Post-war Optimism: Daldowie, Craigton, Kirkcaldy and Greenock Crematoria -- 6 Ambition and Tenacity: Cardross, Perth, Falkirk, The Linn and Ayr Crematoria -- 7 Confident Assurance: Mortonhall, Clydebank, Dunfermline and Aberdeen (Hazlehead) Crematoria -- Part 4 Private Perspectives: New Horizons 1993-Present -- 8 A Sense of Belonging: Friockheim, Inverness, Irvine, Moray, Houndwood, North Lanarkshire and South Lanarkshire Crematoria -- 9 Landscapes and New Visions: Roucan Loch, Clyde Coast & -- Garnock Valley, Baldarroch, West Lothian, Borders and Stirlingshire Crematoria -- Conclusion -- Appendix 1: How Does a Cremator Work? -- Appendix 2: Cremation Rates in Scotland -- Notes -- Select Bibliography -- Index.

The most important tax problem of recent months is the impact of aggressive tax planning on corporate tax revenue. The Secretary of the Treasury blames the "tax shelter industry," in which tax lawyers and investment bankers develop and market tax-motivated transactions. This Article analyzes aggressive tax planning, and recommends ways to impede it, in a context rife with opportunities for planning: the tax rules for complex financial instruments known as derivatives. While planning opportunities are prevalent elsewhere in the tax law as well, this Article focuses on derivatives because the problem is particularly acute – indeed, derivatives have been called "[tlhe 900-pound gorilla in all the corporate tax shelter discussion" – and because the conventionally accepted solution has been applied (or misapplied) in ways that, ironically, may have made the problem worse. The need for reform in this area is widely acknowledged, but existing scholarly guidance is not adequate. There is a consensus that many difficulties would be solved with a comprehensive shift in tax timing rules – from realization to mark-to-market accounting or a more administrable proxy – for all assets and taxpayers. Yet there is also a consensus that such comprehensive reform is not administrable or politically feasible in the near term. The twin hurdles of administrability and politics are thought to be too high.