Search results

Beyond dead reckoning: mobilities of return in the Pacific / John Taylor -- The diversification of return: Banaban home islands and movements in historical perspective / Wolfgang Kempf -- The Rotuman experience with reverse migration / Alan Howard and Jan Rensel -- Overseas-born youth in Tongan high schools: learning the hard life / Helen Lee -- Agency and selfhood among young Palauan returnees / Rachana Agarwal -- (Be)Longings: diasporic Pacific Islanders and the meaning of home / Kirsten McGavin -- Adding insult to injury: experiences of mobile HIV-positive women who return home for treatment in Tanah Papua, Indonesia / Leslie Butt, Jenny Munro and Gerdha Numbery -- Urban castaways: the precarious living of marooned islanders / Thorgeir Kolshus -- Migration and homemaking practices among the Amis of Taiwan / Shu-Ling Yeh.

El presente artículo constituye una reflexión sobre la situación escolar de niños, niñas y adolescentes, principalmente indígenas, que viajan con sus padres, otros familiares adultos o solos, desde su estado de origen en Oaxaca, México, hacia otros estados del norte del país o hacia los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. A la vez, pretende contribuir en el análisis del aspecto educativo del fenómeno de la migración, que paradójicamente en México, es el menos investigado frente a otros aspectos políticos, económicos, sociales y culturales, a los que el mundo académico ha destinado mayor investigación, aunque paradójicamente, miles de infantes y adolescentes abandonan diariamente las aulas y sus comunidades para emigrar hacia destinos distintos a su lugar de origen, interrumpiendo así sus estudios, y viviendo situaciones de rezago, reprobación o deserción escolar temporal o definitiva. En una primera parte, se presenta la situación actual de la migración en México y, en particular, del estado de Oaxaca, para posteriormente especificar la situación de la población infantil y adolescente migrante y la repercusión que este fenómeno tiene en su situación educativa, para finalizar en la presentación y comentarios sobre las acciones que las instituciones educativas del estado mexicano, están llevando a cabo para atender la problemática educativa de esta población altamente vulnerable dentro de los procesos migratorios. ; The present article is a reflection on the academic situation of boys, girls and teenagers, mainly indigenous, who travel with their parents, other grown relatives or alone, from their native state of Oaxaca, México, to other northern states of the country or the United States of America. Additionally, it pretends to contribute to the analysis of the educational aspect of the migration phenomenon, that paradoxically in México, is the least often investigated in comparison to other political, economic, social and cultural aspects studies more in depth. However, this highly contradictory, since thousands of children and adolescents daily abandon school and their communities in order to emigrate to different destinies, interrupting their studies, experiencing situation of rejection, disapproval and temporal or definite academic desertion. The first part presents the current situation of migration in Mexico and, particularly, in Oaxaca. Later, the infant and adolescent migrant population is seen as well as the repercussion of this phenomenon has on the educational situation. And lastly, the presentation an commentaries on the actions taken by the educational institutions of the Mexican State to handle the academic problem of this highly vulnerable population within the migrant processes.

International exchange has characterized the academic community for centuries (Charle & Verger, 1994). Students have moved to other countries to attend classes at universities with a good reputation and researchers have visited each other to collaborate. Today, the field of higher education is increasingly international. Students are becoming more internationally mobile (Findlay et al. 2011; EP-Nuffic 2015), researchers are increasingly collaborating internationally (e.g. through co-publications (Kamalski & Plume 2013)) and international mobility has become a very common phenomenon among researchers (Børing et al., 2015). Policy makers at the European, national and university levels increasingly focus on the process of internationalization within the field of higher education. It is regarded simultaneously as an opportunity (brain gain and diffusion of knowledge), a threat (brain drain) and a necessity (ongoing globalization) for their future development. A common aim at the national and university level is to attract the best and the brightest researchers in order to make their respective economies and institutions competitive in a perceived global 'war for talent'. On various levels policies are put in place in order to raise the attractiveness for good researchers and to prevent a brain drain. This raises the question how researchers' mobility behavior can be influenced and to what extent policies may raise the attractiveness of countries and their institutions. In the academic and grey literature scholars have studied the mobility behavior of researchers in various ways. In most studies mobile researchers are asked in surveys about their prime motivation to make an international move (Franzoni et al. 2012; MORE2 2013; Conchi & Michels 2014). Their academic career and research come out as the most important reasons to be mobile. Personal reasons and terms of employment are significantly less important. Other push and pull factors are in play to describe the mobility behavior of researchers. Geographical and cultural proximity is considered a good predictor of mobility behavior (Franzoni et al. 2012; Conchi & Michels 2014; Appelt et al. 2015). Economic decline is a push factor for many researchers, as shown by the recent researcher migration flows from Italy, Spain and Greece to countries in West and North Europe (MORE2 2013). However, despite the attention for the motivations and the push and pull factors, there is still little understanding of how different factors for international mobility interact. The relation between the more important and less important factors is rarely addressed. Furthermore, policies to stimulate international attractiveness are seldom part of the studies on mobility behavior. In this paper we will study the way in which various motivations of researchers to decide to be internationally mobile interact and the role internationalization policies play in these motivations. We study the motivations for international mobility in the Dutch policy context. This context is characterized by several politicians, policy makers and university directors who have showed their concern about a rising war for talent and the Dutch inability to attract and retain the best researchers. To prevent this from happening universities have set goals to attract more international staff. The national government hopes that the national excellence funding schemes will attract foreign talent and it has implemented several general policy measures to attract highly educated foreigners (e.g. tax benefits). In order to understand the interplay of different factors of the mobility behavior of researchers and the role of internationalization policies, we make use of three data sources. First, we did a document analysis of internationalization policies at the European, national and university level. Second, in addition to the document analysis, we interviewed 12 policy makers, covering almost half of the present Dutch universities, about their experiences with a global war for talent. We selected faculty policy makers that are said to experience the strongest competition on the academic labor market. And third, we have interviewed 19 foreign researchers that have come to work in The Netherlands in the last twelve years. They were asked about their decision making process concerning their move to their current research institution in The Netherlands. They were asked about their experiences with internationalization policies as well. Our preliminary results suggest that factors influencing mobility behavior are both intertwined and segmented. The reasons for researchers to be mobile form a complex iterative process involving several types of motivations at once. International mobility occurs in a 'window of opportunity' where every factor falls in place or it occurs when one of the factors is so dominant that other factors are trumped. Furthermore, we find that the global war for talent and the academic labor market is segmented. In general terms the process of supply and demand is segmented by disciplines and by positions. This means that academic disciplines all compete with different types of organizations over research talent. Similarly, the competition for excellent and recognized professors is different (war for talent) than the competition for young and inexperienced postdocs (war between talent (Van Arensbergen 2014)). The former can be described as a seller's market, the latter as a buyer's market. The segmentation of the academic labor market is visible in the mobility behavior of researchers. We recognize four types of mobility behavior. 1. The early career researchers who are strongly motivated to gain international experience. Their situation is paradoxical: since they usually are relatively unattached they can travel anywhere, but the war between talent forces them to accept almost any position that is offered to them. Their choice for their current research group is therefore somewhat, but not completely, random. 2. The researchers who were looking for a new job because of their discontent in a former position. They have no strong preference for an international move, but their built up expertise (niche) forces them to look abroad for positions. At the same time they are bound by personal circumstances, such as a partner, children and other family. They experience a push factor to leave their position, but have limited opportunities. 3. The researchers who were offered an excellent career opportunity. In many cases this concerns a move for a higher position, such as a professorship. To make such a career move, international mobility is necessary. In some cases this once in a lifetime opportunity trumps other influencing factors. 4. The researchers who were very happy in their previous position, but nevertheless accepted a new position because of the unique research possibilities. These researchers are mostly in a tenure position and do not feel the need to change jobs. The question remains to what extent the decisions of researchers are perceptive to specific internationalization policies. We find that the mobility behavior of researchers can only be influenced to a certain degree by policies explicitly directed at attracting foreign talent, such as migration support by universities or tax benefits. More important factors are the presence of high profile researchers and unique facilities, or general factors like the reputation of a university, the standard of living, a researcher's social and cultural preferences and the proximity to family and friends. All those factors can at most be influenced indirectly through policy measures and are long term investments. References Appelt, S., van Beuzekom, B., Galindo-Rueda, F. and de Pinho R. (2015). Which factors influence the international mobility of research scientists? in A. Geuna (ed.) Global Mobility of Research Scientists: The Economics of Who Goes Where and Why. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Børing, P., Flanagan, K., Gagliardi, D., Kaloudis, A., & Karakasidou, A. (2015). International mobility: Findings from a survey of researchers in the EU. Science and Public Policy, scv006. Charle, C., & Verger, J. (1994). Histoire des universités (Vol. 391). Presses universitaires de France. Conchi, S. and Michels. C. (2014), "Scientific mobility – An analysis of Germany, Austria, France and Great Britain", Fraunhofer ISI Discussion Papers Innovation Systems and Policy Analysis No. 41, Karlsruhe. EP-Nuffic (2015). Internationalisering in beeld 2015. Den Haag: EP-Nuffic. Findlay, A. M., King, R., Smith, F. M., Geddes, A. and Skeldon, R. (2012), World class? An investigation of globalisation, difference and international student mobility. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 37: 118–131. Franzoni, C., Scellato, G. and Stephan, P. (2012). Foreign-born scientists: Mobility patterns for 16 countries. Nature Biotechnology 30(12): 1250-1253. Kamalski, J. & Plume, A. (2013). Comparative Benchmarking of European and US Research Collaboration and Researcher Mobility. Amsterdam: Elsevier. MORE2. (2013). Support for continued data collection and analysis concerning mobility patterns and career paths of researchers. EU Commission Report. Brussels: European Commission. van Arensbergen, P. (2014), Talent Proof: Selection Processes in Research Funding and Careers. Den Haag, Rathenau Instituut.

Introduction: Freedom of movement in a transnational space of inequality -- Extent and labor market effects of intra-European mobility since 2004 -- Germany and Austria: Immigration between precarious labor mobility and skilled migration -- Great Britain and Ireland: New migration in the context of boom and crisis -- Denmark and Sweden: Cross-border labor mobility as a challenge to the "Scandinavian model" -- Cross-border labor mobility and the (trans)national regulation of labor standards in Europe -- The future of cross-border labor mobility in Europe.

A transnational ethnography of U.S. detention and deportation -- Ecuadorian migration, U.S. policy, and human smuggling -- The making of a massive system -- Ordering chaos : system organization and operation -- The "peculiar" advantages of chaos : detainees' experiences -- "You don't know how I suffer, waiting every day" : reverberations of detention in Ecuador -- "There is no other way" : postdeportation insecurities and continued migration -- Ordering chaos, opening space -- Appendix A. Interviewed functionaries -- Appendix B. Interviewed deportees, basic data -- Appendix C. Deportee interview question guide.

Cover; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Foreword: The Malay Archipelago Revisited by Michael R. Dove; Preface; 1. Models of Change; A point of departure; The origins of order; A clock that keeps good time; Neutral drift; Nonlinear systems; Triggers for nonlinear transitions; Complex adaptive systems; Discovering islands of order; Conclusion; 2. Discovering Austronesia; Introduction; Dubois' remarkable discovery; The first migration of modern humans; The second migration: Austronesians; Surprises in the data; The toolkits: Population genetics and kinship

Cover; Sage historypage; Halftitle page; Marketing page; Fulltitle page; Copyright page; Contents; Preface; Part I Introduction; Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview; Chapter 2 Economic Liberalisation and Economic Growth in Kerala; Part II Demography, Employment and Migration; Chapter 3 Demographic Change in Kerala; Chapter 4 Employment and Unemployment in Kerala; Chapter 5 Emigration of Keralite Workers to West Asia; Chapter 6 Interstate Migration of Workers; Part III Agriculture; Chapter 7 Performance of Agriculture in Kerala; Chapter 8 Lagging Sector in a Leading Economy

Dedication -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction: If Elián Were Black? -- Methods -- Order of the Book -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2: "It's Like Cubans Could Only Be White," Divided Arrival: Origins of a Racially Bifurcated Migration -- Divided Migration, Divided Arrival -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3: Beyond El Ajiaco: Eviction from el Exilio (1959-1979) and Miami's (White) Cuban Wall -- Roots of the Enclave -- Beyond the Numbers-Exiled from El Exilio -- Notes -- References

"This book focuses on one critical challenge: climate change. Climate change is predicted to lead to an increased intensity and frequency of natural disasters. An increase in extreme weather events, global temperatures and higher sea levels may lead to displacement and migration, and will affect many dimensions of the economy and society. Although scholars are examining the complexity and fragmentation of the climate change regime, they have not examined how our existing international development, migration and humanitarian organizations are dealing with climate change."--

Migration as a process has achieved increasing attention in the context of nation-states and globalisation. In linguistics the field of language contact is particularly associated with this phenomenon. This book investigates the connection between language usage, migration, space, in particular urban space, and the constitution of cultural identity. Two corpora of Andean migrants' Spanish conversations in Lima and in Madrid are analysed. The resulting comparative analysis provides the material for considerations on language contact, code copying, discourse strategies etc. Throughout the book a

The Philippines is the world's largest exporter of temporary contract labor with a huge 800,000 workers a year being deployed on either six month or two year contracts. This labor migration is highly regulated by the government, private, and non-governmental/non-private organizations. Tyner argues that migrants are socially constructed, or 'made' by these parties and that migrants in turn become political resources. Employing a post-structural feminist perspective Tyner questions the very ontology of migration

Preliminary Material -- Introduction Globalization, Neoliberalism, and the Rasputin State -- Legitimating State Authority in an Age of Neoliberal Globalization -- Historical Background Canada: History and the Quest for National Identity -- Québec: History and the Centrality of National Identity -- Economic Globalization, Labor Migration, and Social Integration The Global Market Economy: History and Impact on Canada and Québec -- Ethnic Diversification and Labor Migration -- Multiculturalism, Interculturalism, and the Changing Definition of National Culture -- The Emerging Role of Culture in Neoliberal State-Building -- Bibliography -- Index.