Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis study analyzes BP's crisis communication related to the Deepwater Horizon disaster. Specifically, we observe how an organization whose priorities are misaligned with the ethic of first and second things has a severely limited capacity for delivering a crisis message that resonates with the general public, and especially those most affected by the disaster. Organizational connectedness and Lewis' essays on the ethic of first and second things are discussed and research on virtuous responses to crisis and renewal discourse is highlighted to explain how BP's focus on maximizing profit over safety and the environment stymied their communication efforts. A discourse of renewal is suggested as essential for the organization to regain connectedness post‐crisis.

In this article, the local government (LG) administrative implications of the movement from government to governance, involving multiple ties and externalized services operations, are examined from a cross-national perspective. Derived from a series of studies of LGs in multilevel systems, this article examines key patterns of cross-agency administration. First, administrative intergovernmental relations (IGR) are defined. Then common trends in local governments in their IGR arenas are identified. Next, changing managerial paradigms in outward as well as inward directions are introduced. Then a series of managerial challenges, including system development, IGR politics, collaborative knowledge development, network management, and interoperability are introduced. A research agenda for multilevel system local governments in IGR in the governance era concludes the article.

European Muslim communities' views on foreign policy constitute a growing topic of research. This article presents a case study of the status of the Palestinian issue in France and focuses on one particular actor, namely the Union of Islamic Organizations of France (UOIF). The content analysis of several documents and press releases issued by the UOIF aims at characterizing how the UOIF frames the conflict and mobilizes on the issue. Then, the analysis replaces a range of actors, including the UOIF, in the context of the Israeli operation in Gaza, which took place between 27 December 2008 and 17 January 2009. The examination of press archives is meant to characterize different actors' behaviors, narratives and reactions to the crisis.

The title of Mary Louise Roberts's new book, What Soldiers Do, says it all: sexual abuses are not the product of aberrant, badly disciplined soldiers, but of soldiering itself. And behind the title is an implied correlate: What Armies Do. Carefully, keeping her anger in check, and with wit, deep research, and telling vignettes, Mary Louise Roberts has given us a masterful study of sexual transactions between American GIs and French women in the Second World War. It is a case study of the violence practiced, but censored, by all militaries: the sexual abuse of women. Now that the United States has massive "peacetime" armed forces that include women, the abuse is often directed at other soldiers.

This article takes an historical perspective, drawing on personal practice in the 1970s and 1980s, research and consultancy in the 1990s and 2000s, in exploring a long history of probation engagement with their local communities. That this history has never been fully embedded in every practitioner's everyday practice, and indeed it could be said is no longer seen as axiomatic that probation should be so engaged, will be dissected and analysed. It will be suggested that recent practice focusing more on risk management and public protection has potentially alienated practitioners from the communities they serve. This article concludes with suggestions as to how probation practitioners can re-engage with their community, drawing on recent theoretical and policy developments in partnerships, community and restorative justice and theories of desistance.

Abstract
Due to the internationalization of Polish enterprises, it is appropriate to look at the tendency of managers to take up business and compete in the global labor market. The purpose of this article that is of theoretical and empirical character, is, therefore, an attempt to evaluate the mobility of Polish managers, or their willingness to change their place of work outside the home country. The matrix is a theoretical discussion of the importance of mobility for today's corporations. Empiricism refers to the author's own research (these are telephone interviews with 15 managers and two expert opinions) carried out for such this article, and also presented the results of the exploration of other researchers addressing these topics.

Abstract
This article aims to study the role of reward practices in fostering the creativity process and the innovation performance of academic spin-offs. We start from the extant literature on the promotion of creativity and innovation in companies, stressing the role of rewards and other human resources management (HRM) practices. Then we conduct empirical research using purposely collected data on eighteen spin-off companies, whose parent organization is Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), a Portuguese engineering school. The results indicate that reward practices are mainly associated with the individual components of creativity (skills and processes) and that its positive effect on innovation is usually moderated by other practices of HRM, namely selection, teamwork, training and performance appraisal.

Abstract
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a complex concept which embraces three organizational logics: economical, social and environmental. ADAMPOL, a Polish firm operating in Podlasie region, serves as an example of a company which declares in its documents (like the CSR report) that it has balanced CSR logics. The study contributes with insights to the organizational management of potentially opposing logics in CSR. Managing contradictions of CSR is an ongoing challenge and accomplishment influencing whether ethical, social and business logics collide or reinforce each other. The study shows - on the basis of research findings of a Danish frontrunner firm DanCo - that when ethics are framed as means to economic ends, some social responsibilities have a tendency to be disregarded in practice.

AbstractThis study's purpose was to explore the reasons Black women are disproportionately single according to the unique viewpoint of married Black men. The sample comprises 52 married Black men who resided in northeast Georgia (mean age = 43). Qualitative interviews were conducted in 2010 as part of the Pathways to Marriage study. The authors analyzed the data in a collaborative fashion and utilized content analyses to explore the relationships in the data, which were derived from qualitative interviews with the men. Findings on the reasons for the disproportionality of singlehood among Black women reflected these four themes: gender relations, marriage education and socialization, individual development, and a preference for gay/lesbian relationships. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

Identity theory explains behaviors as socially constructed phenomena that result from the expectations we hold and the feedback we receive about how to fulfill the statuses we occupy. However, identity theory inadequately addresses the myriad contexts that influence identity and behavior, a weakness particularly relevant to fathering research. Here, we suggest ways of refining identity theory to better account for context—specifically, interpersonal and environmental contexts. We discuss conceptual and methodological issues created by current deficits in identity theory and propose 2 new constructs (unsupportive commitment and contextual commitment). We apply our theoretical refinements to fathering by drawing examples from the empirical literature. Finally, we suggest additional areas of inquiry that would benefit from the proposed refinements to identity theory.

AbstractAlthough extant research demonstrates that body valuation by strangers has negative implications for women, Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate that body valuation by a committed male partner is positively associated with women's relationship satisfaction when that partner also values them for their nonphysical qualities, but negatively associated with women's relationship satisfaction when that partner is not committed or does not value them for their nonphysical qualities. Study 3 demonstrates that body valuation by a committed female partner is negatively associated with men's relationship satisfaction when that partner does not also value them for their nonphysical qualities but unassociated with men's satisfaction otherwise. These findings join others demonstrating that fully understanding the implications of interpersonal processes requires considering the interpersonal context.

There is a growing demand for replications of authoritative works in development studies, which reflects recent trends in other social sciences as well as challenges to important quantitative works in development studies where replications have made contested contributions to understanding. At the same time, there is a strong trend within development towards adoption of medical models of evidence-based policy to find out what policies and interventions work. Replication is a key practice of medical (and natural science) research and was advocated frequently over several decades without success. This article addresses the incentives for replication going beyond a narrow focus on extrinsic rewards, reviews some significant examples, discusses behaviour during replication and draws lessons for replicators and replicatees.

AbstractIt is commonly accepted that leaders play a crucial role in collective action. Existing literature has suggested a number of factors that contribute to the emergence of leaders including, among others, personality, sense of moral responsibility, community pressure, self-interest and institutional exclusion. However, current research tends to suggest that activists are driven by a particular reason to become leaders and that their motivation is static. Based on intensive fieldwork in residential communities in Beijing, this article illustrates that leaders' motivations can be mixed or multiple and that leaders may re-prioritize or adjust their objectives over the course of collective action. The re-prioritizing tends to alter the leaders' behaviour and affect group solidarity and interactions with other group members.

Personality traits have been posited to function as stable influences on political attitudes and behavior. Although personality traits themselves exhibit high levels of temporal stability, it is not yet known whether the effects of these traits are marked by comparable temporal consistency. To address this question, this research note examines data from Wave 13 (2003–2004), Wave 15 (2005–2006) and Wave 17 (2007–2008) of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). Twenty‐seven behavioral and 14 attitudinal dependent variables are studied. Consistency of effects is gauged via a series of multilevel models in which personality effects are permitted to vary by year. High levels of temporal consistency are observed for personality traits as represented by the Big Five framework.

Abstract. The papers summarised in this paper represent the scientific contributions of several scientists, coming from different countries, who work in the fields of monitoring, modelling, mapping and design of mitigation measures against mass movements. The authors participated at the 2011 EGU General Assembly presenting the contributions summarised in this paper. At the General Assembly they had the opportunity to illustrate their recent advancements, discuss each other's needs and set forth future research requirements. The scientific contributions presented here can be considered the result of the debates and the exchanges regarding their original work presented at the General Assembly that occurred either personally during the open session or during the review phase of their manuscripts.