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Policymakers across the federal government have begun to recognize the potential of social media as a source of information and have commissioned studies to explore how social media can improve disaster situational awareness, influence public opinion, augment traditional data sources, and counter disinformation. In this project, RAND Corporation researchers developed an approach for analyzing social media data to derive insights about chemical incidents and conducted a proof of concept of that approach by applying it to the case of chemical weapons employment in Syria between 2017 and 2018. They identified a four-step process: (1) Identify operationally relevant factors and examine known events to find incident indicators, (2) develop a feed of social media data, (3) conduct automated daily scans for elevated keyword use in Twitter data, and (4) analyze posts to verify detection and extract information. The procedure showed promise. Based on the analysis, it is recommended that the Defense Threat Reduction Agency initiate three activities to further the development of this procedure

The study and prediction of emergence and development of occupational deformations is one of the urgent tasks in psychology. However, existing methods are questionnaires, and their results can be distorted due to self-reports by respondents. In this regard, the aim of the study was to develop a methodology for studying and assessing the severity of occupational deformations using unbiased indicators of oculomotor activity and the burnout syndrome example.
34 athlete-skaters took part in the experiment. As stimuli, texts of negative, positive and neut­ral content were used. The results identified a link between the severity of burnout symptoms such as "reduction of personal achievements" and "depersonalization" with eye movement parameters. In particular, the members of the "reduction of personal achievements" group, while reading texts with negative content, tried to focus less on negative words thereby avoiding them. Thus, using the parameters of eye movements, the authors conducted an unbiased assessment of text areas, to which the subjects' attention was directed. This allowed reliably identifying the behavioural strategies for subjects who suffer from burnout syndrome.

AbstractMeaning and translation are never-ending issues that constantly challenge researchers who work in cross-cultural settings, especially when the focus is on how people use language to express and interact in relation to their distress experiences. Many efforts have been undertaken in order to try to understand and manage the content variance that can emerge from context and linguistic differences. The present study aims at offering its contribution on this topic by presenting MADIT methodology, an innovative textual analysis that focuses on the processual use of language. Using the theoretical references of Dialogic Science, language is analysed as an interactive process, leading the researchers to observe the modalities through which language is used (the how) instead of the different contents brought by speakers (the what). After discussing the theoretical differences between content and processual analysis, we present MADIT methodology through a comparative explorative study on the discursive production about taijin kyofusho and social anxiety in Japanese and Italian contexts. The results pointed out how, going beyond the content differences and focusing on the processual interactive reality generated through language, it is possible to observe cross-cultural similarities in the use of language to shape distress experiences.

In der Maschinenbaubranche bieten Dienstleistungen eine wichtige Möglichkeit, sich vom Umfeld abzuheben und die eigene Leistungsfähigkeit zu steigern. Die stark produktorientierten Unternehmen der Branche stehen bei dieser Portfolioergänzung vor neuen Herausforderungen. Die Einbindung von Kollaborationspartnern bietet die Chance, diese Kompetenzlücke zu schließen. Auf Basis einer Mehrfachfallstudie wird eine Methodik entwickelt, um die entsprechenden kollaborativen Geschäftsmodelle zu erstellen.

'Mit der achten Auflage des Jahres 1998 wurde in der Einkommens- und Verbrauchsstichprobe (EVS) eine Reihe weitreichender inhaltlicher und methodischer Veränderungen realisiert. Die Quotierungsmerkmale wurden leicht verändert, ein neues Hochrechnungsverfahren eingesetzt, Erhebungsteile umstrukturiert, die Anschreibephase in den Haushaltsbüchern wurde verkürzt, der Merkmalskatalog wurde überarbeitet und ein neues, international vergleichbares, Klassifikationsschema implementiert. Die Diskussion dieser Modifikationen und die Beurteilung ihrer Konsequenzen für die Datenqualität und die Vergleichbarkeit mit früheren Einkommens- und Verbrauchsstichproben sind Gegenstand dieses Arbeitsberichts. Darüber hinaus wird der für den Zeitvergleich erforderliche Umsteigeschlüssel dargestellt und erläutert.' (Autorenreferat)

The article is devoted to the search for the possibilities of implementation in the domestic legal practice of one of the fundamental modern law principles – the principle of the rule of law. To clarify this principle, which is nowadays actively used in the legislation of Ukraine, its study was conducted through the prism of the rule of law elements proposed in the conclusion of the Venice Commission from March 25–26, 2011. First of all, it should be noted that nowadays the axiomatic nature was acquired by the assertion that the rule of law should include the legality, including a transparent, accountable and democratic process of the law principles enforcement; legal certainty; prohibition of arbitrariness; access to justice submitted by independent and impartial tribunals, including those, who exercise judicial control over administrative activities; observance of human rights; prohibition of discrimination and equality before the law. In addition, the Venice Commission details the elements of the rule of law in the «Control checklist of the questions assessing the rule of law condition in separate states» It is established that according to the degree of certainty and desirable implementation in practice, these issues, in our opinion, can be distinguished into several types, in particular: evaluative, semi-evaluative, blanket, complex for use (rather political than legal) and formally outlined. By way of reflection, these peculiar criteria are divided into those that are fixed (directly or indirectly) in specific normative-legal acts and fulfil the tasks of legal norms and those that serve as the principles of right-realization, enforcement and law-interpreting activity in general or in relation to certain sources of law. Some of them are more connected with illegal forms of the state execution of its functions.Due to the formal and informative diversity of the rule of law criteria, the system of means of their legal technically-technological support should be specially oriented towards each of them. There were determined the specific means of legal technics and the stage of law-making technology, which are expedient to operate with during the implementation of the rule of law principle in the national legal practice.Thus, there was developed a methodology of usage of the legal technically-technological tooling that is necessary for implementation and ensuring the supremacy of the rule of law principle in the legal system of Ukraine. ; Розглянуто пошук можливостей імплементації у вітчизняну юридичну практику одного із основоположних принципів сучасного права – принципу верховенства права. Для конкретизації цього принципу, який нині активно використовують у законодавстві України, обрано його дослідження крізь призму переліку компонентів верховенства права, запропонованого у висновку Венеціанської комісії від 25–26 березня 2011 року. Встановлено, що за ступенем визначеності та бажаної реалізації на практиці їх, на нашу думку, можна розмежувати на декілька видів, зокрема: оціночні, напівоціночні, бланкетні, складні для застосування (радше політичні, аніж правові) та формально окреслені. Для дієвого впровадження принципу верховенства права у правотворчу, правозастосовну, правореалізаційну та правотлумачну практику, за умови значної неформалізованості його складових, запропоновано використати арсенал юридичної техніки та технології. Визна­чено конкретні засоби юридичної техніки та стадії правотворчої технології, якими доцільно оперувати під час такого впровадження. Отже, сформовано методологію вико­ристання юридичного техніко-технологічного інструментарію, що сприятиме забезпеченню панування у правовій системі України принципу верховенства права.