Suchergebnisse

Abstract:Researchers and the public alike have long recognized that in American politics visibility matters. To claim credit for policies, to recruit supporters, and to maintain democratic legitimacy, the lawmaking process must be visible to the American public. Yet little is known about how the public perceived the legislative process during the nineteenth century. This article uses systematic qualitative and quantitative analysis of newspapers in Baltimore, Maryland, Portland, Maine, and Charleston, South Carolina, to measure the comparative visibility of lawmaking at the state and federal levels between 1830 and 1880. The research demonstrates how analysis of newspaper coverage can be used to better understand public perceptions of state and federal lawmaking during time periods without polling data. The visibility of congressional lawmaking varied greatly from one state to the next, and competition for coverage between state legislatures and Congress remained strong across the country throughout the studied period.

AbstractThis article analyses state formation in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe. The main question posed is this: Why has state power eroded so dramatically? To answer this question, the development of the state is analysed in the light of general theories of state formation. In spite of a situation which according to prevailing theories was conducive for the formation of a strong state, Zimbabwe entered a downward spiral, where state power gradually eroded. To explain this, it is necessary to move beyond these theories, and analyse the changing nature of the ruling regime's constituencies. While security threats and sources of revenue are important, their impact on processes of state formation is mediated by the inter‐relationship between ruling regimes and their constituencies, which is shaped by society's class structure.

The article touches upon the problem of distinguishing the concepts of "control" and "supervision", draws atten-tion to the fact that despite the frequent use of these concepts both at the level of law and in the theory of law, nevertheless, there is no unity of understanding of the content of the listed definitions. Based on the study of regulatory legal acts, the positions of specialists in the field of administrative law, criteria were proposed that delimit control and supervision, their specific features were highlighted. It is noted that state supervision is a managerial category, the supervisory activity of the state, of course, correlates with control, but state administra-tive and supervisory activity has its own separate purpose. Attention is also drawn to the fact that in July 2021, the relevant law defines new principles of state control and supervision, such as: the principle of the rule of law, legality, transparency, legal order, objectivity, independence, justice, equality, responsibility. The authors con-clude that it is important and necessary to distinguish the definitions of "control" and "supervision", and empha-size that the performance of functions of executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation is pos-sible only on the basis of the above principles.