Suchergebnisse

Der Band setzt sich kritisch mit der Forschung in Deutschland zum Themenfeld Flucht*Migration auseinander. Ausgangspunkt ist die These, dass die Fluchtforschung bislang überwiegend auf den "integrationsfähigen Flüchtling" fokussiert ist und es deshalb "vernachlässigte" Untersuchungsfelder gibt. In den Beiträgen werden diese Annahmen vor dem Hintergrund empirischer Forschungsprojekte diskutiert: Hat sich die These bestätigt oder ist sie zurückzuweisen? Ist es im Verlauf des Forschungszeitraums zu thematischen oder methodischen Verschiebungen in der Forschungslandschaft gekommen? Lassen sich Ursachen für die "Vernachlässigung" identifizieren? Gibt es weitere "vernachlässigte" Themen? Wie sind Forschung und Wissenschaft in solche Zusammenhänge verstrickt? Das Buch ist im Kontext des Kooperativen Graduiertenkollegs "Vernachlässigte Themen der Flüchtlingsforschung" entstanden, das von 2018 bis 2021 in Zusammenarbeit von acht Hochschulen in Deutschland durchgeführt und von der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung gefördert worden ist.

The author considers the migratory processes initiated by the democratic revolution of the 1990-s in Mongolia. The internal (urban) migration concerned a large number of the rural population which moved to cities, mostly to the capital Ulan-Bator. The outside migration has led to the outflow of quite a large number of citizens from the country. The number of officially registered citizens of Mongolia in the United States is about15,000, whereas the number of illegal migrants is more than 45,000. As a rule, in the USA Mongols work as specialists in taking care of elderly people, in heavy and light industries, restaurant business, in trading companies and grocery stores. A lot of young people study at American colleges, and the U.S. government regularly announces admission to certain educational programs, providing Asians free training. ; В статье анализируются миграционные процессы, инициированные в Монголии после демократической революции 90-х годов ХХ в. Внутренняя (урбанистическая) миграция выразилась в перемещении значительного числа сельского населения в города, в основном в столицу – г. Улан-Батор, а внешняя – в эмиграции довольного большого числа граждан. На территории США число официально зарегистрированных граждан Монголии составляет около 15 тыс. человек, нелегальных же мигрантов больше 45 тыс. В основном монголы работают в США специалистами по оказанию помощи пожилым людям, в тяжелой и легкой промышленности, ресторанном бизнесе, в торговых компаниях и продовольственных магазинах. Много молодежи учится в американских ВУЗах, причем правительство США регулярно объявляет набор на те или иные образовательные программы, предоставляя выходцам из Азии бесплатное обучение.Ключевые слова: Монгольское зарубежье, миграция, эмиграция,США.The Mongolian abroad: the USA The author considers the migratory processes initiated by the democratic revolution of the 1990-s in Mongolia. The internal (urban) migration concerned a large number of the rural population which moved to cities, mostly to the capital Ulan-Bator. The outside migration has led to the outflow of quite a large number of citizens from the country. The number of officially registered citizens of Mongolia in the United States is about 15,000, whereas the number of illegal migrants is more than 45,000. As a rule, in the USA Mongols work as specialists in taking care of elderly people, in heavy and light industries, restaurant business, in trading companies and grocery stores. A lot of young people study at American colleges, and the U.S. government regularly announces admission to certain educational programs, providing Asians free training.Keywords: Mongolian abroad, migration, immigration, USA.

Рассматривается период индустриального развития Внутренней Монголии и миграционные процессы, которые происходили в этот период. Проводится анализ причин индустриального развития Автономного района Внутренняя Монголия и взаимосвязь миграционных процессов и индустриального развития в данном регионе. Выделяются основные этапы миграционных процессов. ; The planned policy implementation was significant for economic development of China, not only the nationwide but local too. The main purpose of five-year plan realization was the building of metallurgical works, heavy and light industries and development of power engineering, communication lines and coal mining. However, not all regions of China had resource base for industrial development. But the condition of Inner Mongolia was more advantageous for the implementation of industrial projects than in the other regions. Having huge resources Inner Mongolia economically was one of the priority regions for Chinese central government. Development of metallurgical work in Baotou and ore mining in the region had significant impact on Inner Mongolian society, political and economic systems. The industrialization was some basic point of the related branches development and it was the beginning for development of coal mining, communication lines, active salt-making process, agrarian and woodworking industry development. Thus, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region became the industry base of North and Northern-East China. That position allowed to Inner Mongolia to receive huge investments for development of industries and communication. But strategically this region was forming as a transportation hub which connecting China and Mongolia. Industrialization of the region claimed many cadres. Before the industrialization there were not the educated cadres and industrial elites in Inner Mongolia. From this point of view Chinese central government made a decision to direct the cadres to Inner Mongolia for faster realization of industrial development, thereby, Chinese central government formed out-migration to Inner Mongolia, first of all by Han minority. The out-migration was divided on three stages. The first stage out-migration processes was absolutely disorganized and it didn't has clear purposes. The first wave of migrants consisted of soldiers and tillers that is the people who were not educated. The second and the third waves of migration had prepared and educated cadres, which consisted of teachers, engineers, doctors and qualified workers. The appearing of qualified labor force in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region impacted largely on industrialization course of the region and living standards of Inner Mongolian cities. However, in spite of positive impact of Han migration on the economic development, interethnic relations between Han and Mongols continued to deteriorate.

The extent to which international high-skilled mobility channels are forming is a question of great importance in an increasingly global knowledge-based economy. One factor facilitating the growth of high-skilled labour markets is the standardization of certifiable degrees meriting international recognition. Within this context, we analysed an extensive high-skilled mobility database comprising roughly 382 000 individuals from five broad profession groups (Medical, Education, Technical, Science & Engineering and Business & Legal) over the period 1997-2014, using the 13-country expansion of the European Union (EU) to provide insight into labour market integration. We compare the periods before and after the 2004 enlargement, showing the emergence of a new east-west migration channel between the 13 mostly eastern EU entrants (E) and the rest of the western European countries (W). Indeed, we observe a net directional loss of human capital from E → W, representing 29% of the total mobility after 2004. Nevertheless, the counter-migration from W → E is 7% of the total mobility over the same period, signalling the emergence of brain circulation within the EU. Our analysis of the country-country mobility networks and the country-profession bipartite networks provides timely quantitative evidence for the convergent integration of the EU, and highlights the central role of the UK and Germany as high-skilled labour hubs. We conclude with two data-driven models to explore the structural dynamics of the mobility networks. First, we develop a reconfiguration model to explore the potential ramifications of Brexit and the degree to which redirection of high-skilled labourers away from the UK may impact the integration of the rest of the European mobility network. Second, we use a panel regression model to explain empirical high-skilled mobility rates in terms of various economic 'push-pull' factors, the results of which show that government expenditure on education, per capita wealth, geographical proximity and labour force size are significant attractive features of destination countries.

The coming to power of the German National Socialist Party in 1933 will mean the beginning of persecutions of non-Aryan collectives and different political currents. The location of the German Jewish population occurs from 1935 with the collaboration of humanitarian agencies and associations. A solution will be sought in Latin America and Ecuador was one of the countries that will welcome European migrants. We try to describe in this investigation the migration policy of the different governments of Ecuador with respect to Jews through consular actions in Europe. ; La llegada al poder del partido nacional socialista alemán en 1933 va a significar el inicio de las persecuciones a colectivos no arios y de corrientes políticas diferentes. La ubicación de la población judía alemana se produce a partir de 1935 con la colaboración de organismos y asociaciones humanitarias. Se buscará en América Latina una solución y Ecuador fue uno de los países que va a acoger a migrantes europeos. Intentamos describir en este trabajo la política migratoria de los diferentes gobiernos de Ecuador con respecto a los judíos a través de las acciones consulares en Europa. ; A chegada ao poder do Partido Nacional-Socialista alemão em 1933 significará o início das perseguições de coletivos não-arianos e de diferentes correntes políticas. A localização da população judia alemã ocorre a partir de 1935, com a colaboração de agências humanitárias e associações. Uma solução será procurada na América Latina e o Equador foi um dos países que receberão os migrantes europeus. Tentamos descrever neste trabalho a política de migração dos diferentes governos do Equador em relação aos judeus por meio de ações consulares na Europa.

The article describes the characteristics of heavy and rare metals migration in the soil in the zone of the slag waste of coal-fired thermal power plants in Ukraine. Different types of fuel in Ukraine were analysed by the method of statistical information. The principles of slag waste treatment in the European Union have been studied. Approaches to ash waste in the United States, Ukraine and Russia have been compared. It has been determined that to use slag waste as a source of valuable components, we need to know their chemical and mineralogical composition phase. It has been revealed that they are determined by the mineral composition of the fuel source and method of burning it. Basic properties of solid slag wastes from thermal power plants, the ways of heavy compounds and rare metals migration in soils in the areas, where slag waste forms, have been analyzed as a result of original research. Different types of the absorptive capacity of the soil have been identified and the main migration routes of compounds and heavy metals from the waste heap of rare slag waste into the soil have been described. Information on the chemical and mineralogical composition of slag waste should be taken into account with the view of considering them as enriched raw materials for various industries. As a result of using blast furnace slag, fuel ash waste and coal waste are considered as man-made materials that can be used as additives and fillers in the production of a wide range of building materials: cement, concrete, mortar, brick, ceramics and so on. They have proved themselves during installation in the subgrade of roads and other industries. ; Статья посвящена особенностям процессов миграции ионов тяжелых и редких металлов в почвах в зоне размещения золошлаковых отходов (ЗШО) угольных ТЭС Украины. Проведен анализ статистических данных использования различных видов топлива в Украине. Описан опыт утилизации ЗШО в странах Евросоюза. Определено, что для утилизации из ЗШО ценных компонентов необходимо знать их химический и фазово–минералогический состав, который, в свою очередь, определяется составом минеральной части исходного топлива и способом его сжигания. Рассмотрены основные свойства ЗШО твердотопливных ТЭС и пути миграции соединений тяжелых и редких металлов в почвах в районах их размещения по результатам авторских исследований. Описаны различные виды поглотительной способности почв. Выявлены и описаны основные пути миграции соединений ТРМ из террикона ЗШО в почву. Обобщен опыт использования доменных шлаков, топливных ЗШО и отходов угледобычи в качестве техногенного сырья при производстве вяжущих веществ, бетонов, и в дорожном строительстве. ; Стаття присвячена особливостям процесів міграції іонів важких і рідкісних металів у ґрунтах в зоні розміщення золошлакових відходів (ЗШО) вугільних ТЕС України. Проведений аналіз статистичних даних використання різних видів палива в Україні. Описаний досвід утилізації ЗШО в країнах Євросоюзу. Визначено, що для видобутку з ЗШО цінних компонентів необхідно знати їх хімічний і фазово–мінералогічний склад, який, у свою чергу, визначається складом мінеральної частини вихідного палива і способом його спалювання. Розглянуто основні властивості ЗШО твердопаливних ТЕС і шляхи міграції сполук важких і рідкісних металів у ґрунтах в районах їх розміщення за результатами авторських досліджень. Описано різні види поглинальної здатності ґрунтів. Виявлено та описано основні шляхи міграції сполук ТРМ з терикону ЗШО в ґрунт. Узагальнено досвід використання доменних шлаків, паливних ЗШО і відходів вуглевидобутку як техногенної сировини при виробництві в'яжучих речовин, бетонів, і в дорожньому будівництві.

This cumulative dissertation contains four self-contained articles which are related to EU regional policy and its structural funds as the overall research topic. In particular, the thesis addresses the question if EU regional policy interventions can at all be scientifically justified and legitimated on theoretical and empirical grounds from an economics point of view. The first two articles of the thesis ("The EU structural funds as a means to hamper migration" and "Internal migration and EU regional policy transfer payments: a panel data analysis for 28 EU member countries") enter into one particular aspect of the debate regarding the justification and legitimisation of EU regional policy. They theoretically and empirically analyse as to whether regional policy or the market force of the free flow of labour (migration) in the internal European market is the better instrument to improve and harmonise the living and working conditions of EU citizens. Based on neoclassical market failure theory, the first paper argues that the structural funds of the EU are inhibiting internal migration, which is one of the key measures in achieving convergence among the nations in the single European market. It becomes clear that European regional policy aiming at economic growth and cohesion among the member states cannot be justified and legitimated if the structural funds hamper instead of promote migration. The second paper, however, shows that the empirical evidence on the migration and regional policy nexus is not unambiguous, i.e. different empirical investigations show that EU structural funds hamper and promote EU internal migration. Hence, the question of the scientific justification and legitimisation of EU regional policy cannot be readily and unambiguously answered on empirical grounds. This finding is unsatisfying but is in line with previous theoretical and empirical literature. That is why, I take a step back and reconsider the theoretical beginnings of the thesis, which took for granted neoclassical market failure theory as the starting point for the positive explanation as well as the normative justification and legitimisation of EU regional policy. The third article of the thesis ("EU regional policy: theoretical foundations and policy conclusions revisited") deals with the theoretical explanation and legitimisation of EU regional policy as well as the policy recommendations given to EU regional policymakers deduced from neoclassical market failure theory. The article elucidates that neoclassical market failure is a normative concept, which justifies and legitimates EU regional policy based on a political and thus subjective goal or value-judgement. It can neither be used, therefore, to give a scientifically positive explanation of the structural funds nor to obtain objective and practically applicable policy instruments. Given this critique of neoclassical market failure theory, the third paper consequently calls into question the widely prevalent explanation and justification of EU regional policy given in static neoclassical equilibrium economics. It argues that an evolutionary non-equilibrium economics perspective on EU regional policy is much more appropriate to provide a realistic understanding of one of the largest policies conducted by the EU. However, this does neither mean that evolutionary economic theory can be unreservedly seen as the panacea to positively explain EU regional policy nor to derive objective policy instruments for EU regional policymakers. This issue is discussed in the fourth article of the thesis ("Market failure vs. system failure as a rationale for economic policy? A critique from an evolutionary perspective"). This article reconsiders the explanation of economic policy from an evolutionary economics perspective. It contrasts the neoclassical equilibrium notions of market and government failure with the dominant evolutionary neo-Schumpeterian and Austrian-Hayekian perceptions. Based on this comparison, the paper criticises the fact that neoclassical failure reasoning still prevails in non-equilibrium evolutionary economics when economic policy issues are examined. This is surprising, since proponents of evolutionary economics usually view their approach as incompatible with its neoclassical counterpart. The paper therefore argues that in order to prevent the otherwise fruitful and more realistic evolutionary approach from undermining its own criticism of neoclassical economics and to create a consistent as well as objective evolutionary policy framework, it is necessary to eliminate the equilibrium spirit. Taken together, the main finding of this thesis is that European regional policy and its structural funds can neither theoretically nor empirically be justified and legitimated from an economics point of view. Moreover, the thesis finds that the prevalent positive and instrumental explanation of EU regional policy given in the literature needs to be reconsidered, because these theories can neither scientifically explain the emergence and development of this policy nor are they appropriate to derive objective and scientific policy instruments for EU regional policymakers. ; Diese kumulative Dissertation umfasst vier eigenständige Artikel zur EU-Regionalpolitik und ihren Strukturfonds als dem übergreifenden Forschungsthema der Dissertation. Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Fragestellung, ob sich aus ökonomischer Sicht die EU-Regionalpolitik überhaupt wissenschaftlich, sowohl empirisch als auch theoretisch, begründen lässt. Die ersten beiden Artikel der Dissertation ("The EU structural funds as a means to hamper migration" und "Internal migration and EU regional policy transfer payments: a panel data analysis for 28 EU member countries") greifen einen bestimmten Aspekt der Debatte um die Rechtfertigung von Eingriffen der EU-Regionalpolitik in den EU-Binnenmarkt auf. Die beiden Artikel analysieren theoretisch und empirisch, ob die Regionalpolitik oder die freien Marktkräfte in Form von freier Migration im europäischen Binnenmarkt besser geeignet sind, um die Lebens- und Beschäftigungsbedingungen der EU-Bürger zu verbessern und anzugleichen. Basierend auf der neoklassischen Theorie des Marktversagens, argumentiert das erste Papier, dass die Strukturfonds der EU Migration, die einen wesentlichen Mechanismus zur Erreichung von Konvergenz der europäischen Mitgliedsstaaten darstellt, verhindern. Es wird deutlich, dass die EU-Regionalpolitik, welche auf Wachstum und Konvergenz der EU-Mitgliedsstaaten abzielt, nicht gerechtfertigt werden kann, wenn die Strukturfonds Migration in der EU behindern, anstatt sie zu fördern. Der zweite Artikel zeigt jedoch, dass die empirische Evidenz bezüglich des Zusammenhangs von EU-Regionalpolitik und Migration nicht eindeutig ist, d.h. verschiedene empirische Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die Strukturfonds Migration behindern aber auch fördern. Daher ist die Frage der wissenschaftlichen Rechtfertigung der EU-Regionalpolitik auf empirischer Grundlage nicht einfach und eindeutig. Dieses Ergebnis ist unbefriedigend, steht aber im Einklang mit der bisherigen theoretischen und empirischen Literatur. Daher geht die Arbeit an dieser Stelle einen Schritt zurück und überprüft die zu Beginn unterstellte theoretische Grundlage ihrer Analyse der Erklärung und Rechtfertigung der EU-Regionalpolitik, die in der vorherrschenden neoklassischen Marktversagenstheorie zu sehen und zu finden ist. Der dritte Artikel ("EU regional policy: theoretical foundations and policy conclusions revisited") behandelt die theoretische Erklärung und Rechtfertigung, als auch die Politikempfehlungen an EU-Regionalpolitiker, welche aus der neoklassischen Marktversagenstheorie abgleitet werden. Der Artikel führt aus, dass das neoklassische Marktversagenskonzept normativ ist und die EU-Regionalpolitik dadurch mit Hilfe eines politischen und damit subjektiven Werturteils rechtfertigt und legitimiert. Dieses Konzept kann jedoch keine wissenschaftlich positive Erklärung der EU-Strukturfonds liefern, noch können daraus objektive und praktisch anwendbare Politikinstrumente abgeleitet werden. Diese Kritik an der neoklassischen Marktversagenstheorie gegeben, stellt das dritte Papier konsequenterweise die vorherrschende Erklärung und Rechtfertigung der EU-Regionalpolitik, welche in der statisch-neoklassischen Gleichgewichtsökonomik geliefert wird, in Frage. Es wird argumentiert, dass eine evolutorische Nicht-Gleichgewichtsperspektive auf die EU-Regionalpolitik wesentlich geeigneter erscheint eine realistische Erklärung für eine der größten Politiken der EU zu geben. Allerdings heißt dies nicht, dass die evolutorische Ökonomik unvoreingenommen als Allheilmittel für eine positive Erklärung und die Ableitung objektiver Politikinstrumente herangezogen werden kann. Warum dies so ist, wird im vierten Artikel der Dissertation ("Market failure vs. system failure as a rationale for economic policy? A critique from an evolutionary perspective") diskutiert. Dieser Artikel greift die Erklärung von Wirtschaftspolitik, die aus evolutorischer Perspektive gegeben wird, neu auf. Die neoklassischen Gleichgewichtsvorstellungen des Markt- und Staatsversagens werden mit den vorherrschenden evolutorischen neo-Schumpeterschen und Österreichisch-Hayekiansichen Vorstellungen die Wirtschaftspolitik betreffend verglichen. Auf diesem Vergleich aufbauend kritisiert das Papier, dass neoklassisches Versagensdenken in der evolutorischen Nicht-Gleichgewichtsökonomik weiterhin zu finden ist, wenn wirtschaftspolitische Fragestellungen erörtert werden. Dies ist sehr überraschend, da die Vertreter der evolutorischen Ökonomik ihren Ansatz normalerweise als inkompatibel zu ihrem neoklassischen Pendant ansehen. Der letzte Artikel argumentiert deshalb, dass der Gleichgewichtsgedanke eliminiert werden muss, um die ansonsten sehr fruchtbare und wesentlich realistischere evolutorische Ökonomik vor der Unterminierung ihrer eigenen Kritik an der Neoklassik zu schützen und einen konsistenten als auch objektiven evolutorischen Analyserahmen für wirtschaftspolitische Fragestellungen zu schaffen. Fasst man das Resultat der Dissertation zusammen, bleibt festzuhalten, dass die EU-Regionalpolitik und ihre Strukturfonds aus ökonomischer Sicht weder theoretisch noch empirisch rechtfertigt und legitimiert werden können. Darüber hinaus kommt die Arbeit zu dem Schluss, dass die vorherrschende positive und instrumentelle Erklärung der EU-Regionalpolitik, die in der Literatur gegeben wird, neu gedacht werden muss, da mit Hilfe dieser Theorien weder das Aufkommen und die Entwicklung dieser Politik erklärbar sind, noch geeignete objektive und wissenschaftliche Politikinstrumente für EU-Regionalpolitiker abgeleitet werden können.

Die Lage der Zivilbevölkerung im Gazastreifen verschlechtert sich weiter. Die EU will Ägypten mehr Geld zahlen, um irregulärer Migration entgegenzuwirken.

Begriffe wie Migration, Migrationsgeschichte, Migrationshintergrund usw. werden als Beschreibungs- und Erklärungskategorien im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs verwendet. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund der...

In Bremen zeigt ein »Virtuelles Museum der Migration« in fünfzig Lebensgeschichten die Anfänge der Arbeitsimmigration in Westdeutschland nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg.

English title: XXI century: some prognosis concerning Big Migration and Big Ecology

Calls for a presidential commission to address US population and migration issues.

It has been argued that nation‐states confront migrant protection with a highly diverse array of measures ranging from excluding strategies (often labelled as "welfare chauvinism") to more inclusionary, post‐national approaches. While exclusionary strategies are often guided by nativist principles such as citizenship, post‐national approaches of social protection are usually based on residence. Building on an international comparative project with a focus on free movement within the European Union, and involving four pairs of EU member states, this article argues that the extremes of these two ways of understanding nation‐state approaches to migrant social protection are not mutually exclusive, as has been discussed so far, but, instead, are intertwined with one another. While there is a common (and globally unique) framework on the EU level for the coordination of mobile citizens' social protection, EU member states determine their strategies using residence as a main tool to govern intra‐EU migration. We differentiate between three main intertwining strategies applied by nation‐states in this respect: generally, selectively, and purposefully gated access to social protection. All three potentially lead to the social exclusion of migrants, particularly those who cannot prove their residence status in line with institutional regulations due to their undocumented living situations or their transnational lifestyles.

El presente artículo constituye una reflexión sobre la situación escolar de niños, niñas y adolescentes, principalmente indígenas, que viajan con sus padres, otros familiares adultos o solos, desde su estado de origen en Oaxaca, México, hacia otros estados del norte del país o hacia los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. A la vez, pretende contribuir en el análisis del aspecto educativo del fenómeno de la migración, que paradójicamente en México, es el menos investigado frente a otros aspectos políticos, económicos, sociales y culturales, a los que el mundo académico ha destinado mayor investigación, aunque paradójicamente, miles de infantes y adolescentes abandonan diariamente las aulas y sus comunidades para emigrar hacia destinos distintos a su lugar de origen, interrumpiendo así sus estudios, y viviendo situaciones de rezago, reprobación o deserción escolar temporal o definitiva. En una primera parte, se presenta la situación actual de la migración en México y, en particular, del estado de Oaxaca, para posteriormente especificar la situación de la población infantil y adolescente migrante y la repercusión que este fenómeno tiene en su situación educativa, para finalizar en la presentación y comentarios sobre las acciones que las instituciones educativas del estado mexicano, están llevando a cabo para atender la problemática educativa de esta población altamente vulnerable dentro de los procesos migratorios. ; The present article is a reflection on the academic situation of boys, girls and teenagers, mainly indigenous, who travel with their parents, other grown relatives or alone, from their native state of Oaxaca, México, to other northern states of the country or the United States of America. Additionally, it pretends to contribute to the analysis of the educational aspect of the migration phenomenon, that paradoxically in México, is the least often investigated in comparison to other political, economic, social and cultural aspects studies more in depth. However, this highly contradictory, since thousands of children and adolescents daily abandon school and their communities in order to emigrate to different destinies, interrupting their studies, experiencing situation of rejection, disapproval and temporal or definite academic desertion. The first part presents the current situation of migration in Mexico and, particularly, in Oaxaca. Later, the infant and adolescent migrant population is seen as well as the repercussion of this phenomenon has on the educational situation. And lastly, the presentation an commentaries on the actions taken by the educational institutions of the Mexican State to handle the academic problem of this highly vulnerable population within the migrant processes.

This presentation provides the preliminary findings of the EMN-OECD Inform on Digitalisation and Artificial Intelligence. It aims to analyse the use of digitalisation and artificial intelligence in migration management.