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"Why do responses to terrorist attacks often perpetuate cycles of deadly violence? Can an understanding of the psychology of these cycles help us to break them? Drawing on clinical experience of the care of people and communities affected by violence and disasters and on advances in cognitive and dynamic psychology, attachment theory, group psychology and thanatology, this ground-breaking work by a prominent and varied array of contributors casts light on the causes of terrorism, the reasons why responses to deadly attacks easily give rise to or maintain cycles of violence and some ways to prevent and interrupt these cycles.Using the violence in Northern Ireland and Rwanda as case studies throughout, Part 1, The Context of Terrorism, looks at the psychological and social influences behind extremism, terrorism and conflict. Part 2, Reponses to a Terrorist Attack, examines the responses that can feed a cycle of violence and assesses a range of approaches for their success in ending violence. Part 3, Breaking the Cycle, looks in depth at specific environments, influences and changes that can affect how violence can be prevented or mitigated, including the role of schools and the media and an examination of how peace processes were carried out in Northern Ireland and Rwanda. The book works to demonstrate how psychological responses to a terror attack can trigger unstable emotional responses and override judgement and to identify the five key points in a cycle of violence where change, for better or for worse, is possible.Ideal for psychiatrists, thanatologists, palliative care and bereavement staff, politicians and journalists as well as anyone with an interest in terrorism and its causes, this is a thought-provoking and accessible work on a highly topical subject"--

Background Although abortion is a common gynecological procedure around the globe, we lack synthesis of the known macroeconomic costs and outcomes of abortion care and abortion policies. This scoping review synthesizes the literature on the impact of abortion-related care and abortion policies on economic outcomes at the macroeconomic level (that is, for societies and nation states). Methods and findings Searches were conducted in eight electronic databases. We conducted the searches and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria using the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. For inclusion, studies must have examined one of the following macroeconomic outcomes: costs, impacts, benefits, and/or value of abortion care or abortion policies. Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted for descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Of the 189 data extractions with macroeconomic evidence, costs at the national level are the most frequently reported economic outcome (n = 97), followed by impacts (n = 66), and benefits/value (n = 26). Findings show that post-abortion care services can constitute a substantial portion of national expenditures on health. Public sector coverage of abortion costs is sparse, and individuals bear most of the costs. Evidence also indicates that liberalizing abortion laws can have positive spillover effects for women's educational attainment and labor supply, and that access to abortion services contributes to improvements in children's human capital. However, the political economy around abortion legislation remains complicated and controversial. Conclusions Given the highly charged political nature of abortion around the global and the preponderance of rhetoric that can cloud reality in policy dialogues, it is imperative that social science researchers build the evidence base on the macroeconomic outcomes of abortion services and regulations.

Aim: Due to the steady increase in health care costs, a greater focus on maintaining wellness and preventing health issues has been established. Historically, Asian martial arts were closely associated with maintaining healthfulness. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to determine if people who practice Asian martial arts gain any health-related quality of life benefits compared to the general population. Subject and methods: Therefore, 343 martial artists practicing 8 varieties of martial arts answered the German standardized questionnaire 36 in a controlled setting at 24 martial arts schools (3 schools per martial art) between February 2008 and July 2008. These participants were not given information regarding the purpose of the study. Additionally, between July 2008 and December 2008, 2,512 martial artists completed an online version of the German standardized questionnaire 36. Results: The results of those completing the questionnaire in person differed from those responding to the online questionnaire. Compared to the general public, both martial arts groups rated their health-related quality of life to be better. Of the parameters evaluated, the greater differences were observed for physical aspects of health than for psychological aspects. Conclusion: Thus, these results indicate that participation in martial arts provides health-related quality of life benefits associated with the prevention of health problems. However, further studies are needed to understand the complex relationship between the practice of martial arts and improved health.

For decades, films such as WarGames and The Terminator have warned that the combination of artificial intelligence and nuclear weapons might be a recipe for an apocalypse. Might these prophecies of doom become reality in coming decades? Using insights from computer science, Deterrence under Uncertainty: Artificial Intelligence and Nuclear Warfare evaluates how AI could make nuclear war winnable, and whether that possibility is likely. Detailed chapters explain how the landscape of nuclear deterrence is changing and debunks the myths of machine intelligence and nuclear weapons. This book gives a practitioner's perspective on how artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies could change the role of nuclear weapons in international relations.

Introduction : Women and the cultures of collecting -- 1. Science, gender and collecting : the Dutch eighteenth-century Ladies' Society for Physical Sciences of Middelburg -- 2. Between art and science : portraits of citrus fruit for Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici -- 3. Anne Vallayer-Coster's Still life with sea shells and coral -- 4. Maria Sibylla Merian : a woman's pioneering work in entomology -- 5. Sarah Sophia Banks's coin collection : female networks of exchange -- 6. Conversing with collecting the world : elite female sociability and learning through objects in the Age of Enlightenment -- 7. Portrait of Charlotte de France : from Naples to Sicily, a collection in transit -- 8. The collecting activity of Catherine II in eighteenth-century Russia : pioneering action or sheer demonstration of power? -- 9. I made memorandums : Mary Hamilton, sociability, and antiquarianism in the eighteenth-century collection -- 10. Eleanor Coade, John Soane, and the Coade caryatid -- 11. Anne Wagner's album (1795-1805) : collecting feminine friendship -- 12. An art cabinet in miniature : the dollhouse of Petronella Oortman -- 13. Collection, display, and conservation : the Print Room at Castletown House -- 14. Olivia Lanza di Mazzarino (1893-1970) : a lady's collection of eighteenth-century folding fans.

Even under the most optimistic scenarios, significant global climate change is now inevitable. Although we cannot tell with certainty how much average global temperatures will rise, we do know that the warming we have experienced to date has already caused significant losses, and that the failure to prepare for the consequences of further warming may prove to be staggering. This text does not dwell on overhyped descriptions of apocalyptic climate scenarios, nor does it travel down well-trodden paths surrounding the politics of reducing carbon emissions. Instead, it starts with two central facts: there will be future climate impacts, and we can make changes now to buffer their effects.

Why are some multiethnic countries more prone to civil violence than others? This book examines the occurrence and forms of conflict in multiethnic states. It presents a theory that explains not only why ethnic groups rebel but also how they rebel. It shows that in extremely unequal societies, conflict typically occurs in non-violent forms because marginalized groups lack both the resources and the opportunities for violent revolt. In contrast, in more equal, but segmented multiethnic societies, violent conflict is more likely. The book traces the origins of these different types of multiethnic states to distinct experiences of colonial rule. Settler colonialism produced persistent stratification and far-reaching cultural and economic integration of the conquered groups, as, for example, in Guatemala, the United States, or Bolivia. By contrast, in decolonized states, such as Iraq, Pakistan, or Sri Lanka, in which independence led to indigenous self-rule, the colonizersâ âdivide and ruleâ policies resulted in deeply segmented post-colonial societies. Combining statistical analyses with case studies based on original field research in four different countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, Vogt analyzes why and how colonial legacies have led to peaceful or violent ethnic movements.

Introduction : race, gender, and culture in IR / Randolph B. Persaud and Alina Sajed -- Postcolonialism : the relevance for IR in a globalized world / Sankaran Krishna -- Race in international relations / Srdjan Vucetic and Randolph B. Persaud -- Gender, race and international relations / Aytak Akbari-Divabar -- Gender and nation / Nivi Manchanda and Leah de Haan -- Postcolonialism and international relations : intersections of sexuality, religion, and race / Momin Rahman -- Race and global inequality / Naeem Inayatullah and David Blaney -- Discourses of conquest and resistance : international relations & Anishinaabe diplomacy / Hayden King -- Security studies, postcolonialism, and the Third World / Randolph B. Persaud -- "It is not about me...but it kind of is" : celebrity humanitarianism in late modernity / Aida Hozic, Samantha Majic and Ibrahim Yahaya

Niemandsland is the untold story of the largest and most enduring of the unoccupied enclaves that survived after Germany's invasion and occupation by Allied forces in 1945. Sandwiched between American and Red Army lines, the 500,000 inhabitants were cut off from the outside world and left to fend for themselves in the face of crippling shortages of food, fuel and housing. Gareth Pritchard charts how groups of Communists, Socialists and antifascists came together to form 'antifascist' committees which seized power and set about restoring order, ensuring the supply of food and essential services and hunting down, disarming and arresting fugitive Nazis. This is not only a fascinating history in its own right but it also sheds important new light on the fate of Germany after 1945. Only in Niemandsland do we see what happened when the currents of post-Nazi German politics were allowed to flow freely, unimpeded by Allied intervention

Dieser Band etabliert das Opernhafte als neuen ästhetischen Grundbegriff, der mediale ebenso wie kulturelle Grenzen überschreitet: Er lässt sich von der Oper ableiten, kommt aber auch in anderen Medien, etwa in der Literatur und im Film, zur Geltung. Die Autorin definiert das mythische Stereotyp »Italien« als vergleichsweise idealen kulturellen Raum, der dem Opernhaften einen großzügigen Spielraum gewährt; zugleich zeigt sie, wie sich das Opernhafte auch innerhalb nicht italienischer Kulturen entfaltet. Eine erhebliche Anziehungskraft übt es z.B. auf deutsche und französische Philosophen und Schriftsteller aus.

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1 Pornography as Inequality: A Perspective on Hate Speech and the Meaning of Sexism -- 2 Sex Equality and Homophobia -- 3 Sexualizing Masculinity, Normalizing Inequality: Gay Male Pornography Post-Butler -- 4 Abusing Real People: The " Actors'" Perspective -- 5 Gay Male Pornography and Violence: Partner Abuse and Rape -- 6 Gay Male Pornography: An Issue of Sex Discrimination -- 7 "Protecting" Gay Youth: Why Self -- Loathing Is Not a Path to Safety -- 8 Controlling Pornographic Harm Post-Butler: Some Thoughts on Canada Customs, the Police, and Judicial Bias -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Permissions -- Index.