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Zu Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts gab es im Land Baden verschiedene Wahlsysteme bei Bürgermeisterwahlen. Der Bürgermeister der Gemeinde Langenbrücken, heute gehört der Ort zu Bad Schönborn, Josef Ziegelmeyer, ist mittels drei verschiedener Wahlsysteme zum Bürgermeister gewählt worden. Die ersten beiden Wahlen fanden im Zeitalter der konstitutionellen Monarchie statt, die dritte im Zeitalter einer demokratischen Republik. Bei der ersten Wahl wurde Ziegelmeyer von einem Bürgerausschuss gewählt, bei der zweiten von einem Teil der Ortsbürger und bei der dritten Wahl von allen Ortsbürgern der Gemeinde. Das Ergebnis der Wahlen Ziegelmeyers war immer hervorragend, die Wahlsysteme hatten keinen Einfluss auf das sehr gute Abschneiden Ziegelmeyers.

Vorspann
Kann man die Geschichte Deutschlands im 20. Jahrhundert auch anders schreiben? Muss man sich bei der Konzeptualisierung wirklich immer an die Zäsuren der politischen Geschichte halten? Auf der Suche nach Alternativen präsentiert Anselm Doering-Manteuffel das Modell von Zeitbögen, das es erlaubt, den Verlauf der deutschen Geschichte seit 1900 neu zu strukturieren – ein kühnes Modell und eine intellektuelle Herausforderung, der sich die Zunft wird stellen müssen.

The article discusses a number of issues related to the achievement in March 2023 of the Agreement on the restoration of diplomatic relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia, mediated by China. The author describes background of the Agreement, noting the fact that the idea of its achievement matured under the influence of complex and long-term circumstances. The article also concerns the role of the United States in the Middle East, which also influenced the formation of Iranian-Saudi relations. The author pays particular attention to the new developments in the political and economic spheres of China's relations with the Middle East and North African countries. The characterization of China's evolving approach in the region explains why Iran and Saudi Arabia chose China as a trusted and effective mediator. China's advantage is believed to lie in its diplomatic paradigm, which involves avoiding taking sides and striving to bring both parties closer together.

The article addresses the question of why the beginning of 2023 was chosen for the signing of the Agreement, highlighting a number of objective and subjective circumstances that influenced this choice, which are examined in a comprehensive manner. After discussing the key provisions of the Agreement, the author turns to the international significance of the document, concluding that after its conclusion, the United States will no longer be the sole global power playing a significant role in the Middle East. It is highly unlikely that China will leave the region where it has made such a diplomatic impact and where its political and economic interests are gaining a new scale.

At the turn of November 2018, the next local elections were held in Poland. However, this time, along with the next term, a number of new legal arrangements and structures have been implemented as a result of the adoption of the Act of 11 January 2018 on amending certain laws to increase the participation of citizens in the process of electing, functioning and controlling certain public bodies. The legislature has set itself the objective of adopting solutions to enable and facilitate greater influence for members of local and regional communities, especially in legislative and executive bodies of local government units. Some of these changes affect the executive body in the municipality (local government commune), i.e. village mayor (town mayor or city president), affecting the change in its scope and powers. ; Na przełomie października i listopada 2018 r. odbyły się w Polsce kolejne wybory samorządowe, jednakże tym razem wraz z kolejną kadencją władz samorządowych doszło do wdrożenia wielu nowych rozwiązań i konstrukcji prawnych będących efektem uchwalenia w dniu 11 stycznia 2018 r. ustawy o zmianie niektórych ustaw w celu zwiększenia udziału obywateli w procesie wybierania, funkcjonowania i kontrolowania niektórych organów publicznych. Ustawodawca postawił sobie za cel przyjęcie rozwiązań, które mają umożliwić i ułatwić członkom wspólnot samorządowych większy wpływ na funkcjonowanie tych wspólnot, w szczególności organów stanowiących i wykonawczych w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego. Niektóre z tych zmian dotykają organu wykonawczego w gminie samorządowej, czyli wójta (burmistrza, prezydenta miasta), wpływając na zmianę zakresu jego działania i kompetencji.

This is the second part of meta-analysis on the interrelation between NGOsand democracy in Baltic States. The relation is monitored by integrating the regressiontechnique to find out which factors have contributed most to the developmentof democracy. The assessment by integrating the model of traffic light hasbeen applied to determine the effectiveness of factors and the level of their developmentin the context of democracy. The results of the research show that thirdsector does impact democracy in the Baltic States, secondly that in all three countriesthe ways in which NGOs influence democracy differ, thirdly as well as thelevel of influence towards democracy differs.

The M. H. Ross Papers contain information pertaining to labor, politics, social issues of the twentieth century, coal mining and its resulting lifestyle, as well as photographs and audio materials. The collection is made up of five different accessions; L2001-05, which is contained in boxes one through 104, L2002-09 in boxes 106 through 120, L2006-16 in boxes 105 and 120, L2001-01 in boxes 120-121, and L2012-20 in boxes 122-125. The campaign materials consist of items from the 1940 and 1948 political campaigns in which Ross participated. These items include campaign cards, posters, speech transcripts, news clippings, rally materials, letters to voters, and fliers. Organizing and arbitration materials covers labor organizing events from "Operation Dixie" in Georgia, the furniture workers in North Carolina, and the Mine-Mill workers in the Western United States. Organizing materials include fliers, correspondence, news articles, radio transcripts, and some related photos. Arbitration files consist of agreements, decisions, and agreement booklets. The social and political research files cover a wide time period (1930's to the late 1970's/early 1980's). The topics include mainly the Ku Klux Klan, racism, Communism, Red Scare, red baiting, United States history, and literature. These files consist mostly of news and journal articles. Ross interacted with coal miners while doing work for the United Mine Workers Association (UMWA) and while working at the Fairmont Clinic in West Virginia. Included in these related files are books, news articles, journals, UMWA reports, and coal miner oral histories conducted by Ross. Tying in to all of the activities Ross participated in during his life were his research and manuscript files. He wrote numerous newspaper and journal articles on history and labor. Later, as he worked for the UMWA and at the Fairmont Clinic, he wrote more in-depth articles about coal miners, their lifestyle, and medical problems they faced (while the Southern Labor Archives has many of Ross's coal mining and lifestyle articles, it does not have any of his medical articles). Along with these articles are the research files Ross collected to write them, which consist of notes, books, and newspaper and journal articles. In additional to his professional career, Ross was adamant about documenting his and his wife's family history in the oral history format. Of particular interest are the recordings of his interviews with his wife's family - they were workers, musicians, and singers of labor and folk songs. Finally, in this collection are a number of photographs and slides, which include images of organizing, coal mining (from the late 19th through 20th centuries), and Appalachia. Of note is a small photo album from the 1930s which contains images from the Summer School for Workers, and more labor organizing. A few audio items are available as well, such as Ross political speeches and an oral history in which Ross was interviewed by his daughter, Jane Ross Davis in 1986. All photographic and audio-visual materials are at the end of their respective series. ; Myron Howard "Mike" Ross was born November 9, 1919 in New York City. He dropped out of school when he was seventeen and moved to Texas, where he worked on a farm. From 1936 until 1939, Ross worked in a bakery in North Carolina. In the summer of 1938, he attended the Southern School for Workers in Asheville, North Carolina. During the fall of 1938, Ross would attend the first Southern Conference on Human Welfare in Birmingham, Alabama. He would attend this conference again in 1940 in Chattanooga, Tennessee. From 1939 to 1940, Ross worked for the United Mine Workers Non-Partisan League in North Carolina, working under John L. Lewis. He was hired as a union organizer by the United Mine Workers of America, and sent to Saltville, Virginia and Rockwood, Tennessee. In 1940, Ross ran for a seat on city council on the People's Platform in Charlotte, North Carolina. During this time, he also married Anne "Buddie" West of Kennesaw, Georgia. From 1941 until 1945, Ross served as an infantryman for the United States Army. He sustained injuries near the Battle of the Bulge in the winter of 1944. From 1945 until 1949, Ross worked for the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, then part of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), as a union organizer. He was sent to Macon, Georgia, Savannah, Georgia and to Winston-Salem, North Carolina, where he worked with the United Furniture Workers Union. He began handling arbitration for the unions. In 1948, Ross ran for United States Congress on the Progressive Party ticket in North Carolina. He also served as the secretary for the North Carolina Progressive Party. Ross attended the University of North Carolina law school from 1949 to 1952. He graduated with honors but was denied the bar on the grounds of "character." From 1952 until 1955, he worked for the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers as a union organizer, first in New Mexico (potash mines) and then in Arizona (copper mines). From 1955 to 1957, Ross attended the Columbia University School of Public Health. He worked for the United Mine Workers of America Welfare and Retirement Fund from 1957 to 1958, where he represented the union in expenditure of health care for mining workers. By 1958, Ross began plans for what would become the Fairmont Clinic, a prepaid group practice in Fairmont, West Virginia, which had the mission of providing high quality medical care for miners and their families. From 1958 until 1978, Ross served as administrator of the Fairmont Clinic. As a result of this work, Ross began researching coal mining, especially coal mining lifestyle, heritage and history of coal mining and disasters. He would interview over one hundred miners (coal miners). Eventually, Ross began writing a manuscript about the history of coal mining. Working for the Rural Practice Program of the University of North Carolina from 1980 until 1987, Ross taught in the medical school. M. H. Ross died on January 31, 1987 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. ; Digitization of the M. H. Ross Papers was funded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission.

Dieses Buch informiert über die wesentlichen Veränderungen und die treibenden Kräfte der deutschen Wirtschaft im 20. Jahrhundert. Damit liegt erstmals eine kompakte und gut lesbare Überblicksdarstellung vor, die sich ebenso an Fachleute wie an ein allgemeines Publikum richtet.

'Über die Details der Datenerhebung bei persönlich-mündlichen (face-to-face) Bevölkerungsbefragungen ist nur wenig bekannt. Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag sollen schlaglichtartig einige ausgewählte Facetten der Feldarbeit beleuchtet werden. Datengrundlage bilden die zwölf Erhebungen, die für die Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften (ALLBUS) zwischen 1980 und 2000 durchgeführt wurden. Betrachtet werden u.a. Anzahl und demographische Zusammensetzung der eingesetzten Interviewer, Wochentage und Tageszeiten der Interviewdurchführung sowie Informationen zur Feldzeit und zu den Fallpreisen in den einzelnen Erhebungen. Vor dem Hintergrund der Problematik der Ausschöpfungsberechnung wird zum Schluss auf die Frage des Zusammenhangs von Qualität, Zeitbedarf und Preis eingegangen.' (Autorenreferat)