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Reviews the 5,775 listings between 1983 and 1995 to identify specific ways in which freedom of association violations occur and suggests regional patterns to violations. Freedom of association rights, importance of advocacy strategies for workers' rights, labor rights, and trade union rights, regional and national practices which interfere, and three major categories of violations, including violent interference, legislative interference, and infringement.

Migration is a complex social process, which is not limited to territorial movement. It includes economic, labor, psychological, cultural and other aspects. In this regard, adaptation processes are an
important goal of the study. They can be either successful or unsuccessful. It depends on many
conditions that are classified into external and internal. The aim of the article is to analyze these
factors affecting the adaptation process. The study of subjective factors of adaptation is associated with the internal motivation, attitudes, goals and motives of migrants moving in another country. The article focuses on the steps and levels of migrants integration in the host society. The
determining influence on the dynamics of adaptation processes is provided by migration policy that
regulates migration flows. The adaptation process itself seems either multilevel, progressive, otherwise it ends at some stage. The purpose of the article is precisely to reveal the passage of adaptation steps and levels, mainly of labor migrants located in Russia.

This book uses a unique typology of ten core drivers of injustice to explore and question common assumptions around what urban sustainability means, how it can be implemented, and how it is manifested in or driven by urban interventions that hinge on claims of sustainability.

Aligned with critical environmental justice studies, the book highlights the contradictions of urban sustainability in relation to justice. It argues that urban neighbourhoods cannot be greener, more sustainable and liveable unless their communities are strengthened by the protection of the right to housing, public space, infrastructure and healthy amenities. Linked to the individual drivers, ten short empirical case studies from across Europe and North America provide a systematic analysis of research, policy and practice conducted under urban sustainability agendas in cities such as Barcelona, Glasgow, Athens, Boston and Montréal, and show how social and environmental justice is, or is not, being taken into account. By doing so, the book uncovers the risks of continuing urban sustainability agendas while ignoring, and therefore perpetuating, systemic drivers of inequity and injustice operating within and outside of the city.

Accessibly written for students in urban studies, critical geography and planning, this is a useful and analytical synthesis of issues relating to urban sustainability, environmental and social justice.

"Blackballed is Darryl Pinckney's meditation on a century and a half of Black participation in US electoral politics. In this combination of memoir, historical narrative, and contemporary political and social analysis, he investigates the struggle for Black voting rights from Reconstruction through the civil rights movement, leading up to the election of Barack Obama as president. Interspersed throughout the historical narrative are Pinckney's own memories of growing up during the civil rights era, his unsure grasp of the events he saw on television or heard discussed, and the reactions of his parents to the social changes that were taking place at the time and later to Obama's election. He concludes with an examination of the current state of electoral politics, the place of Blacks in the Democratic coalition, and the ongoing efforts by Republicans to suppress the Black vote, with particular attention to the Supreme Court's recent decision to strike down part of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and what it may mean for the political influence of Black voters in future elections. Blackballed also includes 'What Black Means Now,' an essay on the history of the Black middle class, stereotypes about Blacks and crime, and contemporary debates about 'post-Blackness' and breaking free of essentialist notions of being Black"--

"Congress is frequently said to be "broken," "dysfunctional," and "weak," but how does the contemporary Congress really work? Does Congress still have the capacity to solve major policy problems? Can it check an aggrandizing executive, oversee a powerful Federal Reserve, and represent the American people? Can Congress cope with vast changes in the American political economy, including rising income inequality and wage stagnation? Congress and Public Policy in the 21st Century takes a fresh look at the performance of Congress in the domestic arena, focusing on issues such as immigration, health care, and the repeal of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell." With original contributions from leading scholars, this important volume examines how Congress tackles - and fails to tackle - key policy challenges in an era of growing social diversity and ideological dissensus over the role of activist government. Rich in analysis and illuminating detail, the book reveals the full complexity of the institution at work"..

Examines crime and war not only in the conventional but also the unconventional sense of these words. In so doing, it brings together three related areas of scholarly inquiry: crime, political violence, and international law. Crime transcends nation-state boundaries in three major forms -- as transfer and exchange within and between criminal networks, as intentional lawbreaking by licit commercial enterprises, and as breaches of international obligation by governments and government agents. These illicit practices can usefully be categorized as market crimes committed for purely economic ends, as moral crimes that infringe social norms including the norms that govern political legitimacy, and as international crimes defined substantively by international laws. Transnational crime, the cross-border crimes of commoners, and international crime, the crimes of states, are treated by international law experts as distinct spheres of inquiry and application. Yet both spheres are inextricably connected at the systemic level of international relations.

Intro -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Risk Management in East Asia: An Introduction -- Risk Management: A Multidimensional Governance Challenge -- East Asian Risk Management: Systems and Frontiers -- Risk Management Cooperation in East Asia -- The Book and Its Road Map -- References -- Part I National Risk Management Systems in the Region -- 2 Understanding China's National Emergency Management System -- Introduction -- The History of the NEMS in China -- The Establishment of the Modern NEMS -- Trends in the Development of the NEMS in China: Towards All-Hazard, All-Phase, and All-Stakeholder Management -- All-Hazard Management -- All-Phase Management -- All-Stakeholder Management -- Interactions Between the Government and Society -- Emergency Communication -- Disaster Education -- Remaining Challenges for the NEMS in China -- Limited Social Participation in Disaster Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness -- Failure of Initiative and Over-Response -- Typical Coordination Problems -- Too Much Accountability and Too Little Learning -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Disaster Risk Management in Japan with Special Reference to "Sendai Framework" -- Introduction -- Overview of the Disaster Management System in Japan -- Evolutionary Development of the System -- Period 1945-1994 -- The Period 1995-2010 -- After 2011 -- Summary of Disaster Laws in Japan -- Examining BBB -- Sendai Framework -- What Does BBB Mean? -- Japan's BBB Initiatives and Their Historical and Institutional Backgrounds -- Are Japan's Initiatives Right? -- Background of the Characteristics of Japan's Initiatives -- Historical Aspect -- Economic Aspect -- Legal Aspect -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 Patterns of Risk Management Policies and Systems in South Korea: Special Reference to Water-Related Disaster Management -- Introduction.

"Cover page " -- "Half title page " -- "Title page " -- "Copyright page " -- "Title page " -- "Copyright page " -- "CONTENTS" -- "PREFACE" -- "1 INTRODUCTION" -- "2 URBAN POVERTY AND BASIC NEEDS: The Role of the Public Sector" -- "Introduction" -- "Measuring the extent of urban poverty" -- "Urban and rural poverty" -- "Characteristics of the urban poor" -- "Government attitudes towards urban poverty" -- "Government provision of basic needs services" -- "3 URBAN LOW-INCOME HOUSING IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA" -- "Introdu]ction" -- "Determinants of housing conditions" -- "Urban housing demand and supply" -- "Survey of policies and programmes Hong Kong" -- "Implementation -- Lessons of experience The policy framework" -- "Conclusions" -- "4 BUILDING CODES AND REGULATIONS IN LOW INCOME SETTLEMENTS" -- "Introduction" -- "The built environment" -- "Social and economic aspects" -- "Environmental health and fire aspects" -- "Legal, financial and administrative aspects" -- "Need for building regulations" -- "Recommendations" -- "5 HEALTH CARE AND THE URBAN POOR" -- "Introduction" -- "Measuring health and welfare" -- "Common health problems of the urban poor in the developing world" -- "Appropriate health care for squatter settlements – what do the urban poor need?" -- "Urban health services – experience in industrial countries" -- "Concepts into practice – the problems" -- "Concepts into practice – examples Hong Kong" -- "Concepts into practice - measuring the impact" -- "Conclusion" -- "6 WATER SUPPLY ISSUES" -- "Introduction" -- "Assessing need" -- "Supply systems" -- "Water tariffs" -- "Improvement projects" -- "Impact on the urban poor" -- "Conclusions from the case studies" -- "Policy options" -- "7 HUMAN WASTE DISPOSAL IN URBAN AREAS" -- "Introduction" -- "A world-wide problem" -- "The Water Decade" -- "Sanitation statistics

Sexual health in Flanders describes the results of the first representative population-based study on this topic in Flanders (the Northern, Dutch-speaking part of Belgium). A research team of psychologists, sexologists, sociologists and medical doctors, affiliated with Ghent University, KU Leuven and Ghent University Hospital collaborated on this research project that aimed to explore various aspects of sexual behavior and sexual health in men and women living in Flanders. Apart from providing in reliable, valid, descriptive scientific data, this study offers important information on which a more targeted policy to promote sexual health can be developed.

This reference work is based on a survey in which 1832 Flemish men and women – aged 14 to 80 years old – participated and that covered various aspects of sexual health. The focus is not only on sexual experiences and practices; attention is also paid to the relational and social context in which these experiences occur. In addition, a number of chapters elaborate on the sexual start (the first sexual experiences), reproductive health, sexual dysfunctions, cross-border sexual behavior, and profiles of sexual health.

The detailed description of the methodology that was used, allows the reader to evaluate the accuracy of the many tables, figures and numbers that are presented. In short, Sexual health in Flanders is an essential reference work for anyone with an interest in a reliable, detailed and scientific image of a broad range of aspects of sexual health in Flanders.

Cover -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Maps and Figures -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Contact, Isolation and Language Change: A Theoretical Framework -- Introduction -- Dialect contact and koinéisation -- Language contact -- Change without contact: enclave communities -- 3 Tristan da Cunha -- Topographical and geophysical aspects -- A social history of Tristan da Cunha -- Sociolinguistic and linguistic implications -- Conclusion -- 4 Methodology and Fieldwork -- The 'pre-history' of the Tristan da Cunha project -- Fieldwork on Tristan da Cunha -- Fieldwork and ethnographic activities -- Defining the object of investigation -- 5 Determining Input Interaction: Present Tense Concord -- Present tense concord in British English -- Present tense marking in TdCE -- Historical and contemporary aspects of present tense marking in TdCE -- Discussion and conclusion: input interaction and feature selection -- 6 Categoricality and Levelling: Present/Past be Regularisation -- The special status of be in English -- Historical and contemporary aspects of be levelling -- The patterning of is/was regularisation in TdCE: an overview -- Discussion and conclusion: transplantation and categoricality -- 7 Dynamism v. Retention: 'Completive done' -- 'Completive done' in world English -- The (Aux) done V(ed) construction: an overview -- 'Completive done' in TdCE -- Discussion and conclusion: dynamic or archaic? -- 8 Innovation and Independent Developments: Useta went -- Delineating useta went -- Regular and irregular verbs -- Past tense marking in non-standard English -- Tense marking in TdCE -- The useta went construction -- Discussion and conclusion: insularity and innovation -- 9 Conclusion -- Selection -- Conservatism v. innovation -- Post-insularity -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- Notes -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C.

This study is based on the premise that modernist literature, presented as an essentially Western current in the established narratives of literary history, is global in nature, and that there are works all around the world that fall within its scope. This premise rests on the fact that the condition called modernity itself is a global phenomenon. Not only colonialism and imperialism, but also the projects of modernization and Westernization witnessed in different geographies made modernity extend over the entire globe. This article argues that the formal and technical novelties distinguishing modernist literature from what preceded it intend to represent and respond to new subjective and social experiences caused by modernity. In this context, Ezra Pound's poem "In a Station of the Metro" and Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar's novel A Mind at Peace (Huzur) are examined, and their formal and technical aspects are discussed with regard to a common experience of modernity. This experience bearing different forms and contents in different places is identified as fragmentation, loss of the sense of totality, alienation, and the ensuing desire for authenticity. It is demonstrated that the notion of the image in Pound's poem and the method of dream aesthetics in Tanpınar's novel are two literary inventions addressing that common experience of fragmentation and the quest for authenticity. This study also identifies the distinct traits of the two modes of authenticity imagined by Pound and Tanpınar.

European society is currently facing several important challenges. One of the most significant is the challenge of mass illegal migration, which encompasses security, political, economic, social, societal, legislative and many other aspects. Migration thus represents a very complex problem, the solution of which is by no means not simple. It requires the adoption of a number of comprehensive, mutually synergistic measures and steps, both at the level of the European Union as a whole and at the level of individual Member States. That is also why the author deals with the issue of mass illegal migration to the EU in the article. The author´s interdisciplinary research primarily draws on official information and data published by competent European and other institutions, while using relevant scientific methods aimed at showing that migration represents a very complex and multifaceted phenomenon and, in recent years, one of the greatest challenges for the European Union.

The Pastureland Rehabilitation Program (PRP) has been implemented for nearly 20 years, and the lives of herders in different regions have been affected to varying degrees. The level of people's well-being could measure the success of policy. Taking Maduo County as an example, the life satisfaction of 266 Tibetan herders was investigated through a participatory questionnaire survey in July 2021. Multiple linear regression and optimal scale regression were constructed to analyze the impact of the satisfaction of different aspects of life and PRP on life satisfaction, respectively. The results show that the herders in Maduo County had relative high satisfaction in various aspects of life and overall life, and leisure and consumption were important aspects influencing life satisfaction. The relative living standard, the difficulty in borrowing and the quality of government services had a significant positive impact on herders' life satisfaction. Occupation and migration location also led to the significant differences of life satisfaction. However, the income changes caused by PRP and subsidy levels did not show a significant impact. We discussed the particularity of Maduo County and suggested that more attention should be paid to the improvement of the social environment such as wealth disparity, channels of assistance, working environment, and the effective assistance formulated according to the demands of different groups needs to be optimized continuously, so as to enhance the self-development ability of herders.

The importance of engaging patients in the development of healthcare services and policy has received increasing attention over the last decades. However, this attention has mainly been directed towards various forms of involvement of individual patients. This dissertation shifts focus to the collective forms of patient participation and the specific values they bring. The overall aim of the dissertationis to explore how collective patient participation is shaped, in an increasingly individualized and marketized society. The articles included in the dissertation analyze aspects such as advocacy work, representation mechanisms and coproduction practices at different levels of healthcare. These aspects are studied from the perspective of civil society organizations navigating current social trends such as individualization and marketization. Taken together, the findings point to the importance of considering the preconditions of the individual patient to engage in patient participation in a collective form. This appears to be an important factor in the shaping of collective patient participation, as well as a potential challenge for both advocacy and representation. The findings also indicate that individual and collective forms of participation should not be seen as two conflicting interests, but could rather be mutually strengthening, something that should be considered both by civil society organizations and healthcare policymakers. Furthermore, this dissertation contributes to a better understanding of the diverse nature of patient participation, and how these variations all play important yet distinct roles in improving democratic and quality aspects of healthcare.

The contestation of America's presidency in 2020 showed a very competitive and strict run. Both candidates provided arguments and attacked each other in public discussion rooms. However, it is a typical of a normal election where there will be always campaigns from the candidates to persuade and to gain public's votes as much as possible. Therefore, the 2020 presidential election of America feels unusual compared to the previous. Besides it was conducted within the pandemic outbreak, the high tension of global conflict issues and internal social-economic problems of America caused the contestation becoming hotter and noteworthy. Regardless of its final result, it is really interesting to discuss the discourses appeared in the public room regarding the issue. New York Times, one of the leading media in USA provides the room for publics to participate in writing their opinion. This study tried to analyse a writing written in opinion column entitled "Is America Becoming a Failed State?" using appraisal system. The discourse was analysed in the three aspects of White's appraisal framework namely attitude, graduation, and engagement. Under the scope of critical discourse analysis, this study aimed to elucidate the appraisal aspects found in the text regarding public's opinion and its standing points to the issue. This study is a descriptive qualitative and the data were collected from an article in New York Times. The discussion was also connected to some external factors besides the three aspects mentioned such as political, economic, and socio-cultural factors.