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Human resources play an important role in the life cycle of any organization and in its interaction with the external environment. The disadvantages and advantages of the internal environment are mainly manifested through the part of human resources that directly affects the behavior of the organization. Proper staff selection and career management directly affect the organization, its internal environment and position in the external environment. Employee career management also means creating an environment in which individuals make decisions about career advancement. Lack of willingness to engage in the decision-making process is considered one of the most significant difficulties in making career decisions. In the last ten years, the modern environment for living and working has inevitably encountered cyberspace. The most significant and influential forms of cyberspace in real life are the Internet, social networks and mobile phones. Mobile phones provide Internet access to customers anywhere and anytime, while the Internet provides access to social networks. The average cyberspace user has access to a large amount of data and information that can disrupt or slow him down in decision-making, and even in the career decision process. Social network users have the opportunity to be informed in real time about important events in the environment, as well as about the activities and reactions of important people that can influence their behavior. The subject of this paper is the possibility of the cyberspace influence on career decision because cyberspace has become a part of everyday living space. The aim of this paper was, based on the results of research described in the literature, to determine the possibility of performing friendly influence operations from cyberspace, based on psychological theories, in order to influence decision-making on career advancement. The paper confirms that cyberspace can be used to influence the career decision by performing friendly influence operations based on psychological theories of decision - making and influence. Friendly influence operations in cyberspace are defined as activities of individuals or organizations in cyberspace consciously aimed at trying to change the attitudes and behavior of individuals, small or large groups of people in order to achieve their or their well-being work and / or living environment. The Theory of Planned Behavior has been proposed as a theoretical basis for achieving a friendly influence operation. As the most appropriate ways of approaching the target group of the influence operation on career decision in cyberspace, e-mail is proposed in the paper for submitting personalized affirmative material on career advancement in electronic form, and sending informative and so-called social messages via social networks. The importance of the term cyber personality in the process of selecting the target group of cyberspace impact operations and its role in creating conditions for performing cyberspace impact operations for the needs of hybrid warfare is pointed out.

The Lao government introduced a new period of economic liberalisation with the New Economic Mechanism (NEM) in 1986. The present study examineswhether market liberalisation and women's participation translated into changes in women's decision-making power in the coffee growing region of the Bolaven Plateau in southern Lao PDR. While women have always been involved in coffee farming, their participation increased when the more labour-intensive arabica coffee plants were introduced to replace the less popular robusta variety in the region. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data, the study examines gender decision-making within coffee-farming households. The findings show an increase in women's participation in decision-making with the introduction of the arabica coffee plants; however, men still hold higher decision-making power in farming households. While the NEM has brought about economic growth and provided better livelihoods for coffee farmers, this has not necessarily translated into women's empowerment. Economic growth is not enough to bring about gender equality, and there is still a need for specific policy interventions.

The two procedures traditionally followed for group decision making with the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) are the Aggregation of Individual Judgments (AIJ) and the Aggregation of Individual Priorities (AIP). In both cases, the geometric mean is used to synthesise judgments and individual priorities into a collective position. Unfortunately, positional measures (means) are only representative if dispersion is reduced. It is therefore necessary to develop decision tools that allow: (i) the identification of groups of actors that present homogeneous and differentiated behaviours ; and, (ii) the aggregation of the priorities of the near groups to reach collective positions with the greatest possible consensus. Following a Bayesian approach to AHP in a local context (a single criterion), this work proposes a methodology to solve these problems when the number of actors is not high. The method is based on Bayesian comparison and selection of model tools which identify the number and composition of the groups as well as their priorities. This information can be very useful to identify agreement paths among the decision makers that can culminate in a more representative decision-making process. The proposal is illustrated by a real-life case study.

There is a deficiency of in-depth investigations of young people's moral decision-making during the coronavirus pandemic. The current article studies such decision-making with respect to socializing with peers, drawing on 44 interviews with Hungarian university students. The interviewed students overwhelmingly changed their socializing behavior because of the pandemic, however their concrete actions showed great differences. For some it was enough if they greeted their friends differently, and did not drink from their glasses, whilst for others greater changes were made in their former socializing habits. Based on their accounts, the following factors influenced their socializing: taking responsibility by not infecting others (concentrating on family members), conformity (alignment with friends' behavior), closeness of relationships, epidemiological restrictions and rules, and fatigue and growing familiar with the pandemic connected to the passage of time. Whilst research on decision-making during the pandemic has primarily been quantitative, we argue that this study illustrates how qualitative research can provide valuable input.

Decisions on how to adapt to climate change depend on decision-makers' knowledge and values. As decision arenas are often composed of stakeholders with conflicting worldviews, decision outcomes depend on power relationships, formal and informal rules and governance arrangements around decision processes. In the Peruvian Andes, several programs for adaptation to climate change aim at improving water supply during droughts, perceived to be increasingly severe and frequent, and implement adaptation options based on ecosystems or on technology and infrastructure such as dams. This study analyzes adaptation options for adaptation and water management in the Apurimac region in Peru. We propose a critical analysis of decision contexts on adaptation and water management and the implications of adaptation options on ecosystem services and equity. We identify different doctrines and preferences for technological or ecosystem-based options and relate them to stakeholder worldviews. We also explore whether some options are favored by decision rules and power relations. We analyzed existing adaptation projects and reviewed the literature related to ecosystem management and infrastructure for water management in the Andes. We conducted 25 semi-structured interviews to explore decision-making process. We applied a Q-methodology questionnaire to 72 stakeholders to identify different views and discourses on adaptation and water management. We identified four contrasting discourses with different priorities given to ecosystems vs infrastructure and different visions on equity and the role of government, communities and the private sector. Adaptation follows different pathways in a gradient between two contrasting stereotyped alternatives. One alternative focuses on ecosystem management to restore and protect the ecosystem services of myriad wetland ecosystems within mountain landscapes, but seems to be rarely considered by decision makers. The other alternative relies on technology and infrastructure through dam building to substitute technological water regulation for hydrological ecosystem services. The preferences of stakeholders for adaptation are related to their broader worldviews and are correlated to their institution types. The work highlights the major implications of adaptation decisions on ecosystem services (e.g., scenic beauty, carbon sequestration or wild plant supply) and equity (e.g., when dams benefit mostly urban and powerful actors). It also highlights the importance of power relationships in adaptation decision-making, as such relationships favor the values and knowledge of some stakeholders and give priority of their preferred adaptation options, for example technological options at the detriment of ecosystem-based options.

Purpose
While numerous studies have investigated the returns firms receive for their investments in sponsorship, no study to date has examined the potential for organizational performance to contribute to the continuance of business to business (B2B) relationships. Thus, this study aims to illuminate B2B sponsorship relationships in isolating whether firm decision-makers are like fair-weathered fans, in that they are more likely to stick with successful organizations.


Design/methodology/approach
An advanced quantitative modeling approach, survival analysis, is applied to a data set of more than 350 sponsorships to isolate the impact of performance on B2B decision-making.


Findings
Even after controlling for several potentially confounding variables, results indicate that every point per game earned by English football clubs decreases the probability of the sponsoring firm exiting the agreement by 54.4%.


Originality/value
These findings provide empirical evidence of the impact of the sponsored organization's performance to influence B2B firm decision-making, a novel finding yet to be confirmed in the sponsorship-linked marketing literature.

Most mass incidents are created by economic or social concerns brought on by fast socioeconomic change and poor local government. The number of mass occurrences in China has significantly increased in recent years, putting the country's steady growth and public behavior decision-making in harm. We examine the factors that influence public behavior decision-making in the following significant factors, contributing to the development of effective prevention and response strategies. The structural equation (SEM) approach is used to analyze the main determinants influencing public behavioral decisions in the aftermath of mass incidents using surveys of a large population. The finding shows that media plays a mediating role in the relationship between mass occurrences and influencing factors impacting public emotion. The direct and indirect effects of public behavior decision-making and its role increasingly social changes as things happen, government credibility, media plays mediating role in public emotional factors. All directly impact public behavior decision-making, while emotional factors have an indirect impact via media intermediaries. The escalation of public behavior decisions is seen as a result of structural transmission and the increase of dynamic as well as other factors.

Exhibited at the Centre Pompidou in Paris and at the Street Meet Festival in Saskatoon, Decisions, Decisions is a temporary and interactive text-based installation. The statements for Decisions, Decisions are based on exaggerations and distortions of familiar rhetoric from community consultations, urban development, campaign slogans, and protest placards. The text is ambiguous or unsettled, designed to encourage a plurality of understandings, highlighting the diversity of our own interests and affinities in a public space. However, each statement is also more complex than it might appear at first glance, aiming to offer a sense of instability or shifting priorities for the viewer. Drawing on this kind of language, the poster series also interjects other logics and potentials by encouraging participation based on either agreement, disagreement, or ambivalence, using small sticker dots normally found in asset mapping activities and based on added complications based on footnoted questions in a corresponding booklet. Decisions, Decisions aims to capture a sense of possibility and power in the language we use to describe ongoing, and yet subtle, political struggle. ; Not peer reviewed ; art original

During goal-directed decision-making, animals must integrate information from the external environment and their internal state to maximize resource localization while minimizing energy expenditure. How this complex problem is solved by the nervous system remains poorly understood. Here, using a combined behavioural and neurophysiological approach, we demonstrate that the mollusc Lymnaea performs a sophisticated form of decision-making during food-searching behaviour, using a core system consisting of just two neuron types. The first reports the presence of food and the second encodes motivational state acting as a gain controller for adaptive behaviour in the absence of food. Using an in vitro analogue of the decision-making process, we show that the system employs an energy management strategy, switching between a low- and high-use mode depending on the outcome of the decision. Our study reveals a parsimonious mechanism that drives a complex decision-making process via regulation of levels of tonic inhibition and phasic excitation.