Suchergebnisse

KEY POLITICAL FIGURES THROUGHOUT THE FORMER SOVIET UNION HAVE PLEDGED TO HONOR EXISTING ARMS CONTROL COMMITMENTS AND TO RETAIN SECURE, UNIFIED CONTROL OVER THE NUCLEAR WEAPONS. MOREOVER, THEY HAVE SPOKEN OUT IN FAVOR OF ADDITIONAL REDUCTIONS IN ALL NUCLEAR WEAPONS, BOTH STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL, AND HAVE CALLED FOR A BAN ON NUCLEAR TESTING. BUT MANY PRACTICAL MATTERS REMAIN TO BE RESOLVED, AND INTER-REPUBLIC ISSUES ARE CLOUDING THE PICTURE. THE UNITED STATES IS PURSUING A CARROT-AND-STICK POLICY REGARDING THE NEW GOVERNMENT'S NUCLEAR ARMS POLICIES.

A COMPARISON OF GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRIES OF WEST GERMANY AND FRANCE, 1971-1985, DEMONSTRATES THE RESILIENCE OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY COMMUNITIES. THE MAINTENANCE OF ESTABLISHED RELATIONSHIPS IN SHOWN TO BE PART AND PARCEL OF THE EMERGING INDUSTRIAL SOLUTION. INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN CRISIS RESOLUTION IN THE FRENCH AND GERMAN MOTOR INDUSTRIES ARE REVEALED TO HAVE DISSIMILAR, OVERACHING POLITICAL OBJECTIVES BEYOND THE SPECIFIC AND IMMEDIATE NEEDS THEY SEEK TO ADDRESS. THE IMPOSITION OF SUCH POLITICAL FACTORS ONTO INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS IS NOT NECESSARILY A DISSERVICE TO AN INDUSTRY'S LONG-TERM VITALITY.

While there is an abundance of literature on ethnicity and ethnic group formation, the relationship of ethnicity to the state is rarely addressed. This paper discusses some classical and contemporary approaches to this question and proposes the concept of "ideological labor": ethnic groups performing a specific ideological function within society. The case discussed here is that of postwar German Jewry. The presence of Jews in postwar West Germany, it is argued, was vital for domestic and foreign policy reasons and Jews performed the role that was expected of them.

Two pervasive beliefs have given nuclear weapons a bad name: that nuclear deterrence is highly problematic, and that a breakdown in deterrence would mean Armageddon. Both beliefs are misguided and suggest that nearly half a century after Hiroshima, scholars and policy makers have yet to grasp the full strategic implications of nuclear weaponry. I contrast the logic of conventional and nuclear weaponry to show how nuclear weapons are in fact a tremendous force for peace and afford nations that possess them the possibility of security at reasonable cost.

In his task of formulating a research agenda for Latin America, the author makes a conscious use of tensions as inherent within capitalism and their impact on both capitalist and socialist nations. He identifies eight dichotomies along with relevant questions, and emphasizes the major themes that, in past and present, may guide researchers into the future

Learning from development activities is both a management necessity and an important policy tool. Effective evaluation of development programs is made difficult, however, by a complex mix of enternal and external constraints. Moreover, much evaluation is too complex in design and in execution to serve the needs of decision makers for timely, relevant, and accurate information. This article explores the use of qualitative evaluation methods as a means to overcome these concerns. A case study demonstrating a disciplined application of qualitative analysts to monrtoring and evaluation in Thailand is presented.

The other side of China's open door policy to the outside world is the open door between the coast and the hinterland. The essay traces the linkages in higher education between Shanghai and its near and far peripheries in the post 1978 era. After a historical analysis of the ways in which Shanghai's higher education was used to develop the hinterland through the planning and mobilization mechanisms of the fifties, Shanghai's new economic role and its implications for higher education in the present modernization effort are considered. (DÜI-Sen)

This paper discusses the recent economic and, to a lesser extent, social and political accomplishments of Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. It suggests that in a number of respects, the performances of these Asian countries are anomalous from the perspectives of several prevailing Western theories. It is particularly argued that the tendencies to adapt inherent in cross-country linkages, and to compartmentalize (conceptually or empirically) domestic and foreign policy arenas have contributed to the apparent "nonconformance" of the East Asian experiences to prevailing Western theories. (Internat. Political Science Assoc.)

The article argues that in Iran and Iraq peace means that long-repressed domestic problems will come to the fore and dominate the infighting between the radicals and pragmatists in both camps. The radicals' humiliation in Iran, it is claimed, may prove only a temporary victory while the pragmatists such as Rafsanjani and Velayati try to put their economic and foreign policies into effect. As concerns Iraq, Saddam Hussein is said to be again reverting to his time-honoured policy of suppression mitigated by economic pay-offs. (DÜI-Asd)

During the past decade Mexico has experienced both large-scale emigration, directed mostly to the United States, and the mass immigration of Central American refugees. The implementation of the United States Immigration and Control Act of 1986 and the possible escalation of armed conflicts in Central America may result in expanded inflows either of returning citizens or of new refugee waves. To develop appropriate policy responses, Mexico would need reliable information on international migration flows. This note reviews available sources of that information and evaluates their strengths and limitations.

Human resource development will become increasingly complex in years to come, not only in terms of techniques, but, more importantly, in how top management perceives the training function and how it is accommodated within the organization. This article highlights significant trends in these organizational dimensions of human resource development, including: the serious attention given to training by senior management and national policy makers; accounting and measurement imperatives placed on training; and structural changes in the sources of training such as the rise of decentralization and the reliance on external providers.

Abstract: This article considers the relationship between research and politics within the criminal justice system and how this has developed over the last decade and more. The author writes from the perspective of research within government and identifies the many policy and political motivations which result in research being commissioned. It is shown that many problems recur. Despite progress they remain finally unresolved so the basic research agenda changes comparatively little. This argues against the contention that there has been a recent politicisation of criminal justice research issues.

The author examines the political environment in a very general sense from the pre-colonial to the neo-colonial period. The anglophone West African and more specifically Nigerian experience is highlighted. Following he focuses on the pattern of economic activities and relations between the anglophone West Africa and the Arabs in general. The next section is devoted to appraising the resource endowments and framework for Afro-Arab economic co-operation. The concluding part briefly discusses alternative policy and strategy for co-operation of the Afro-Arab peoples. (DÜI-Ott)

The structure of labor markets and the nature of the participation in them of various social groups such as migrants has increasingly become an area of concern for planners in social welfare and migration policy as well as for those concerned with the broader theoretical questions of the nature and changes in the patterns of class relations and stratification. This article presents a detailed qualitative analysis of individual patterns of workforce participation. In particular, it focuses on the work experiences of a group of Turkish women and their husbands in Sydney, Australia.