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In an attempt to reap the purported benefits that "knowledge workers" bring to organizations, many police departments have shifted to a community problem–oriented policing philosophy. Rather than focusing on enforcement and incarceration, this philosophy is based on the dissemination of information to promote a proactive, preventative approach to reduce crime and disorder. In keeping with much of the contemporary literature on the "learning organization" (sometimes called the "knowledge organization"), police departments hope to deter crime through the knowledge benefits that derive from information and its associated technologies. With goals to stimulate productivity, performance, and effectiveness, police departments across the country are employing information technology to turn police officers into problem solvers and to leverage their intellectual capital to preempt crime and neighborhood deterioration.Many public and private organizations are striving to change their operations toward this same concept of the knowledge worker. Information technology is often touted as a vehicle for capturing, tracking, sorting, and providing information to advance knowledge, thus leading to improvements in service–delivery efforts. Based on an extensive study of police departments that have attempted to implement a knowledge–worker paradigm (supported by information technology initiatives), this research explores the feasibility, effectiveness, and limitations of information and technology in promoting the learning organization in the public sector.

The legalization program of the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act was influenced by the behaviors of three local actors in the implementation process: immigrant communities, community-based organizations, and INS officials. The results of two longitudinal field studies in a southwestern city suggest that local interpretations of legalization affected program outcomes by expanding the scope of the program beyond the participation rate projected by national policymakers. We also find that legalization leads to social changes within the immigrant community—the most important being the strengthening of social ties between the home community and the U.S. community.

Independent regulatory agencies, faced with multiple and often conflicting demands from regulatory stakeholders, yet operating at arm's length from government, may be under considerable pressure to demonstrate the legitimacy of their decisions and the regime they administer. This article considers how regulators employ presentational strategies to establish and maintain their legitimacy by documenting the findings of a comparative study of two independent agencies responsible for the regulation of trade practices in their respective jurisdictions: the UK Office of Fair Trading and the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Its findings demonstrate that presentational activities may be an important means by which regulators give concrete expression to their obligations of transparency, promote the effectiveness of the regime they administer, and publicly demonstrate how their work serves the community. The mass media is relied upon by both agencies as the primary vehicle through which they seek to communicate to their targeted audiences and the public at large, actively seeking to manage the ambivalence that infuses the regulatory enterprise.

v. 1. Theoretical perspectives -- v. 2. Making foreign policy -- v. 3. China and "traditional" partners -- the developed World and (South) East Asia -- v. 4. China and the developing world -- v. 5. National security and territorial issues -- v. 6. China and the global economy -- v. 7. Global governance -- v. 8. China challenges and global issues.

AbstractOne form of industrial property right infringement is stocking for the purpose of offering or marketing. This form of infringement appears both in EU legal acts on trademarks or designs, as well as in national regulations, including those concerning patents. What is specific to stocking when compared to other activities comprising the stipulated exclusivity of the holder of industrial property rights is the fact that the literal meaning of "stocking" does not explain whether the infringing party or the warehouse keeper is the entity that places the goods in storage. The structure of industrial property rights as absolute rights would theoretically permit the view that the law is violated by both the entity that accepts the goods for storage and the entity that places such goods in storage. To determine if there is an infringement, it must be established what the goods being stocked are further intended for. It is not without significance that the finding of an infringement of industrial property rights does not depend on fault or awareness. From the point of view of the industrial property law regime, it is difficult to find arguments against this understanding of infringement by stocking. Since the offeror of goods infringing industrial property rights may be held liable even if the goods have not yet been manufactured, it is conceivable that the entity accepting such goods for stocking is also liable. This interpretation of the concept of stocking would certainly correspond to the absolute nature of liability for infringement.In a recent judgment the CJEU confirmed that the warehouse keeper who, on behalf of a third party, stores goods which infringe trademark rights only creates the technical conditions for trademark use by this third party provided that the warehouse keeper is not aware of that infringement. The CJEU also confirmed that only the person who decides about the purpose of storing the goods can be treated as an infringer. However, the CJEU did not respond to the question regarding whether the warehouse keeper could be treated as an infringer if it pursues the aims of storing the goods at the request of the entity that put the goods into storage.

Preliminary material /C.F. Amerasinghe -- Chapter One. Prologue /C.F. Amerasinghe -- Chapter Two. The Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice: Contentious jurisdiction /C.F. Amerasinghe -- Chapter Three. The Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice: Advisory jurisdiction /C.F. Amerasinghe -- Chapter Four. The International Tribunal for the law of the sea /C.F. Amerasinghe -- Chapter Five. International administrative tribunals /C.F. Amerasinghe -- Chapter Six. The European Court of Human Rights /C.F. Amerasinghe -- Chapter Seven. Arbitral tribunals of the international centre for settlement of investment disputes /C.F. Amerasinghe -- Chapter Eight. The judicial type bodies of the World Trade Organization /C.F. Amerasinghe -- Chapter Nine. Epilogue /C.F. Amerasinghe -- Index /C.F. Amerasinghe.

Part of a study made by the Institute for Research in Social Science under contract with the National Science Foundation. ; Bibliographies: p. 274-295. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The article highlights norms and provisions of international legal documents within such international organization as the League of Nations, the United Nations Organization, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe, the Organization of American States and the Organization of African Unity (African Union) in terms of means and procedures for the peaceful settlement of disputes. Conventions, declarations, resolutions, protocols, statutes, charters, treaties and other acts can be found among these international legal documents from all continents all over the world. In the process of studying the international legal acts, there are analysed provisions stipulating the use of means and procedures for the peaceful settlement of international disputes. There are also described characteristic features of applying these tools and mechanisms. Besides, it is conducted an analysis of their peculiarities and perspectives for use in practice. Despite a wide range of instruments and mechanisms available for the peaceful settlement of disputes, number of conflicts all over the world is increasing. It may say about their ineffectiveness or about a necessity to develop new concepts, new ideas, new approaches to understanding of conflict and ways of its solution. All peaceful instruments include application of negotiations. Along with that, negotiations as a method to resolve a dispute are not fully discovered and updated. There are no strict and generally recognised rules of conducting negotiations, what participants of negotiations should comply with and what is allowed or not allowed to do while convincing. Researchers of the peaceful settlement of disputes agree on effectiveness and reasonableness of engaging the third, neutral party for dispute resolution. It can be an objective remedy in terms of impartiality and fairness. One more aspect which is taken into account more and more often is prevention. That is to take corresponding measures in advance. When the situation is at the ...

Introduction -- Family law -- Liability in criminal law -- Liability in tort and human rights law -- Investigating and evaluating allegations of abuse -- Introduction : themes and influences -- Access to evidence -- The child witness -- Testing the credibility of the child complainant -- Testing the credibility of the alleged abuser -- The admissibility of expert evidence -- Themes and future directions

"A brief account of existing sources for the listing of these publications": p. [7]-8. ; Contents.-Checklist of final state CWA reports.-Checklist of the publications and releases of the Federal emergency relief administration and the Federal surplus relief corporation.-Checklist of the publications and releases of the National youth administration and the Works progress administration.-List of the publications and releases of the 48 state relief agencies (and of the territories)-Partial list of transient camp newspapers. ; Mode of access: Internet.