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This second edition of this textbook brings together general political theory and the comparative method to interpret socio-political phenomena and issues that have occupied the Indian state and society since 1947. It considers the progress that India has made in some of the most challenging aspects of post-colonial politics such as governance, democracy, economic growth, welfare, and citizenship. Looking at the changed global role of India, its standing in the G-20 and BRICS, as well as the implications of the 2014 Indian general elections for state and society, this updated edition also includes sections on the changing socio-political status of women in India, corruption and terrorism. The author raises several key questions relevant to Indian politics, including: " Why has India succeeded in making a relatively peaceful transition from colonial rule to a resilient, multi-party democracy in contrast to the South Asian neighbours?" How has the interaction of modern politics and traditional society contributed to the resilience of post-colonial democracy?" How did India's economy - moribund for several decades following Independence - make a breakthrough into rapid growth and can India sustain it?" And finally, why have collective identity and nationhood emerged as the core issues for India in the twenty-first century and with what implications for Indian democracy?The textbook goes beyond India by asking about the implications of the Indian case for the general and comparative theory of the post-colonial state. The factors which might have caused failures in democracy and governance are analysed, and incorporated as variables into a model of democratic governance. In addition to pedagogical features such as text boxes, a set of further readings is provided to guide readers who wish to go beyond the remit of this text. The book will be essential reading for undergraduate students and researchers in South Asian and Asian studies, political science, development studies, sociology, comparative politics and political theory.

"This book assesses the implications of the Covid-19 pandemic for the European Union, as well as its response in dealing with an overarching, multidimensional crisis with consequences extending beyond public health safety to political, economic, legal, and institutional arenas. It argues the pandemic represents a symmetric crisis cutting across countries with different social, economic and political characteristics and which yet - despite favouring cooperative solutions at the supranational level - has largely been met with initial responses of a national, even local, nature. So, how well did the EU perform as a crisis manager in the pandemic crisis? This book will be of key interest to scholars, students and readers of crisis, pandemic and health management, European Union politics and governance"--

Through an anthropological analysis, this book uncovers life stories and testimonies that relate the processes of separation as a result of the constructed political borders of nation states newly founded on the inherited territories of the Ottoman Empire. As it recounts ruptured social, cultural, political, religious, and economic structures and autochthonous bonds, this work not only critically analyzes the making of the Turkish-Syrian border through an exploration of statist discourse, state practices and the state's diverse apparatuses, but further analyzes the "unmaking" border practices of local subjects in the light of local Kurdish people's counter perceptions, discourses, family histories, narratives, and daily practices-each of which can be interpreted as a practice of local defiance, resilience, and adaptation in everyday life

First published in 1998, this collection of essays strongly advocates for increased flexibility in the Dutch labour market and questions current assumptions on the connections between education choices and ultimate employment outcomes. The volume responds to the glaring contradiction between the current mass unemployment in all European nations, both in urban and rural areas, affecting people of different levels of education (though primarily those of low-skills levels or ethnic backgrounds) and the idea that labour is the most important source of wealth. Its objective is to develop insights, ideas, and experiences concerning the possibilities for increasing the transparency of the labour market. The contributors recognise that the quality of labour has rapidly become the key factor in economic and social development.

The relationship between emotions and public deliberation constitutes one of the most original research axes of Martha Nussbaum's philosophical project. This set of reflections aims at unraveling the nature and cognitive structure of certain moral emotions, such as compassion, which play an important role in the consolidation of democratic, fair, open, and participatory societies. Eventhough Nussbaum declares herself a heiress of certain features of Rawls' liberalism, this reflection paper explores the links between her theory of political emotions and the tradition of republican political philosophy of recent decades, particularly regarding the ideology of an education for democratic citizenship, the promotion of civic virtues and the citizens' concern about the others' fate. Therefore, it is an aspect little studied in the general understanding of the thought and work of the American philosopher. Consequently, this approach helps to clarify the intellectual trajectory of one of the most prominent figures in the contemporary ethical and political landscape. ; La relación entre emociones y deliberación pública constituye uno de los ejes investigativos más originales dentro del proyecto filosófico de Martha Nussbaum. Se trata de un conjunto de reflexiones que intentan desentrañar la naturaleza y estructura cognitiva de ciertas emociones morales, como la compasión, que desempeñan un papel relevante en la consolidación de sociedades democráticas, justas, abiertas y participativas. Si bien Nussbaum se declara heredera de ciertos rasgos característicos del liberalismo de Rawls, en este artículo de reflexión se indaga sobre los vínculos que su teoría de las emociones políticas guarda con la tradición de la filosofía política republicana de las últimas décadas, particularmente en lo que concierne con el ideario de una educación para la ciudadanía democrática, el fomento de virtudes cívicas y la preocupación de los ciudadanos por la suerte de los demás. Se trata, por tanto, de un aspecto poco estudiado dentro de la ...

This research paper is based on the notions of green or environmental communication to address some reprehensible facts due to the pollution of the transboundary waters of the Rusizi River, shared by the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Rwanda and Burundi. Green communication aims at exchanging and informing about a variety of specific environmental events that are enough significant to be noticed and noteworthy to attract attention (Th. Libaert, 2017).The study focused on the sociocultural and economic, geopolitical and ecological opportunities provided by the transboundary waters of the Rusizi River (and the Lake Kivu) and which, as a result, with regard to sustainable development, the hydroelectric production and transboundary ecosystems conservation, have to be rationally managed to meet the needs of current generations without preventing future generations from meeting their own needs. The approach used to investigate on the Rusizi waters management starts from the city of Bukavu (DRC), and not from neighbouring countries. The theoretical and conceptual aspects of the study address the usual concepts in environmental management, including the notions of biodegradability, eco-citizenship, the need for eco-gestures, etc. Green communication is also outlined as a pre-text for the rational management of the transboundary waters of the Rusizi waters. Evident effects of erosion observed in Bukavu, amplified by a deficient policy of household waste management, generate a considerable pollution that endangers the transboundary waters and the hydroelectric productivity of the two dams erected on this river, which is an outlet of the Lake Kivu.The pollution of the Lake Kivu does not affect only this lake and its outlet since their waters flow into the Atlantic, through the Lake Tanganyika, Lukuga and Lualaba Rivers as well as the Congo River. Thus, natural factors that threaten the environment and the ecosystems, in this case, could be aggravated by other anthropogenic factors identified in this study and even ...

Practical and conceptual, the Responsible Research and Innovation set of books contributes to the clarification of this new requirement for all sciences and technological innovation. It covers the multiple and international responsibilities, by using various philosophical resources, mostly discussing the following topics: ethics, contingency, normative economy, freedom, corporate social responsibility (CSR), participative technological evaluation, sustainable development, geoengineering, the precautionary principle, standards, interdisciplinarity, and climate management. The ethics of efficiency must be considered with regard to the logic of action or to economic, political, legal or scientific systems. This book presents a question on the central theme of responsible research and innovation (RRI), which has an ethical influence on effective logics. The issue is to question the opportunity and modularities of an ethical effective influence on the logics of efficiency of research and innovation. From the distinction of efficiency and effectiveness, lies the problem of efficacy, the ethical accord between the two. Thus appears the possibility of taking effective responsibility with respect to systematic injustices potentially linked to this efficiency. This book proposes categories to understand the ethical implications of research and innovation processes, under the aspect of their efficacy

Since 2003, Urban policy has set up urban renovation programs in the neighbourhoodsexperiencing the greatest difficulties. These programs articulate urban, social, economicand environmental aspects in order to develop the neighbourhoods and reduce social inequality.Many public equipments are involved in renewal operation, including educationalestablishments. Thus,some municipalities take school issues into account when they establishrenewal operation. The objective is to demonstrate how school issues are integratedin renewal operation. Projects of seven municipalities are developed for this purpose. ; Depuis 2003, la politique de la ville a mis en place des programmes de rénovationurbaine dans les quartiers les plus en difficultés. Ceux-ci articulent des volets urbains,sociaux, économiques et environnementaux afin de faire évoluer les quartiers et de réduireles inégalités sociales. De nombreux équipements publics sont pris en compte dans les opérations,dont les établissements scolaires. Certaines communes prennent donc en compteles enjeux scolaires dans les projets de rénovation urbaine. A travers sept communes, cemémoire développe de quelle manière les problématiques scolaires sont intégrées dans lesopérations de renouvellement urbain menées par l'Agence Nationale pour la RénovationUrbaine.

Although the Viking Age (ca. 750–1050 CE) is often characterized as a time of violence, significant questions remain regarding how conflict was conducted during the period. For example, there have been few attempts to understand the cultural norms, attitudes, and practices that drove individuals to participate in warfare. This article reports the results of a study that sought to shed light on this issue by considering the process of enculturation during Viking Age childhood. This was achieved by exploring how the influences of militarism and hegemonic masculinity conditioned those living within Scandinavian societies to participate in conflict from a young age. Through examining the archaeological and literary evidence for childhood pastimes, the study found that everyday aspects of Viking Age society reinforced militaristic, hegemonic hierarchies of masculinity. This can be seen, for example, in the form of toy weapons that were modeled on full-sized, functional weapons; strategic board games that conveyed messages regarding the ideological power of kingship; and physical games that provided opportunities for successful individuals to enhance their social status. The evidence therefore suggests that Viking Age societies perpetuated a series of self-reinforcing cultural norms that encouraged participation in martial activities.

The influence of military members' malevolent personality traits on their ethical attitudes and behaviors has been the subject of research for decades. We investigated the relationship between malevolent individual difference factors (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, the dominance facet of social dominance orientation, and right-wing authoritarianism) and aspects of military ethics before and during a peacekeeping mission to Mali. Based on pre-service responses from 175 Swedish soldiers, a factor analysis revealed a latent variable to which all individual difference factors contributed. This latent "core of darkness" was related to being more positive toward unethical behaviors both in a warzone and in the Swedish military organization. Extending these findings using a sub-sample of the soldiers (n = 63), we also found that the latent darkness variable prospectively predicted a higher frequency of self-reported insulting and cursing of noncombatants while in Mali. Our results suggest that malevolent individual difference factors have a common core and that moral transgressions during peacekeeping can be predicted and perhaps minimized by identifying soldiers who score high on this common core. However, more research is needed to understand the unique relations of some malevolent factors and different types of morally questionable warzone behavior.

Throughout human history, people have lived in societies without formalized government. We argue that the theory of anarchism presents a productive framework for analyzing decentralized societies. Anarchism encompasses a broad array of interrelated principles for organizing societies without the centralization of authority. Moreover, its theory of history emphasizes an ongoing and active resistance to concentrations of power. We present an anarchist analysis of the development of social power, authority, and status within the Coast Salish region of the Northwest Coast. Coast Salish peoples exhibited complex displays of chiefly authority and class stratification but without centralized political organization. Ethnographically, their sociopolitical formation is unique in allowing a majority of "high- class" people and a minority of commoners and slaves, or what Wayne Suttles described as an "inverted-pear" society. We present the development of this sociopolitical structure through an analysis of cranial deformation from burial data and assess it in relation to periods of warfare. We determine that many aspects of Coast Salish culture include practices that resist concentrations of power. Our central point is that anarchism is useful for understanding decentralized (or anarchic) networks-those that allow for complex intergroup relations while staving off the establishment of centralized political authority. ; Peer reviewed

Established Western social science theory equates democratization with rising levels of wealth and the associated establishment of a middle class that has an interest in the peaceful resolution of conflict through a political process. The case of Russia under Putin suggests that there is no necessary link between wealth as such and democratization. During his two terms as president, Putin benefited enormously from the rapid rise in world oil prices, but this economic security did not translate into liberal democratic political practices - quite the reverse. Indeed, the swift pace of economic growth and rising standard of living has not pushed Russia's rulers in the direction of democracy but rather, has encouraged a form of authoritarianism that in its use of rewards for favourites and supporters is reminiscent of aspects of feudal rule. The Russian middle class, secure in its wealth, is not a bulwark of democratic values, and those who have spoken out - and, more importantly, acted - in support of democratization have been silenced. It is Russia's poor, rather than the wealthy elite, who are critical of Putin's anti-democratic actions. The transfer of office from Putin to Medvedev in May 2008 is unlikely to change this tendency. Adapted from the source document.

This paper focuses on the themes expounded in Richard Rive's novel, Emergency Continued. The novel is set in the heat of the State of Emergency sanctioned by the Apartheid state in the 1980s in response to the uprisings in Black and Coloured townships. Andrew Dreyer, a teacher and writer, is the protagonist of the story and is at odds with his sense of self, his belonging, his personal and social history, and his political agency. Using thetheme of an uncertain subjectivity, this piece discusses the uneasy problem that befalls the Coloured subject. There is a great deal that needs to be unpacked regarding Rive's hint at an uneasy, traumatic and personalised past that his characters are at odds to face. These characters do, however, recognise that a historical reckoning is nonetheless necessary if any semblance of being is to be achieved. Colonialism and oppression have scaredand corrupted the Coloured subject's sense of self, belonging and political agency. This discussion has relevance to the Coloured subject in a post-apartheid context as many of the complexities, histories and experiences that these individuals face are yet to be grappled with today. From a broader stance, this discussion is linked to theories of Afro-pessimism and the negated ontology beset upon Black bodies. The Coloured subject is however unique in that there is an implicit post-humanist aspect to being mixed race--the supposed product of colonial interaction. What is to be made of the unique experience of Coloured subjectivity? Can a sense of being be achieved through the seemingly impossible odyssey of historical reckoning?

In this chapter, we report on a community-based safety partnership to reduce gender-based violence (GBV) in Uganda. The 'Anti-Domestic Violence and Abuse Center' (ADOVIC) is based in the city of Jinja in the east of the country. Since 2012, it has performed an important role in identifying and responding to GBV. The aim of the organisation is to reduce GBV against women and girls. In 2019, academic collaborators from the United Kingdom (UK) undertook small-scale research engagement with ADOVIC. We wanted to learn about the ADOVIC approach, and to investigate how ADOVIC worked to protect women and children from violence and abuse. Using the principles of participatory action research, we undertook nine semi-structured interviews and a focus group with eighteen stakeholders – identifying ADOVIC's strategies and processes to reduce GBV. We found a number of social and political factors influenced ADOVIC's capacity to develop partnerships for reducing GBV: (1) Legal, religious and civic pluralism; (2) Multi-agency advocacy; and (3) Volunteer training and education. Recruiting volunteer activists is a dynamic aspect of the ADOVIC approach. Outreach community engagement takes place in religious and civic contexts. Although service gaps remain, particularly in responding to children affected by domestic violence and abuse, there is value in recognising the intersecting elements of women's lives as girls, mothers and wives in their communities. Gendered socio-cultural and economic factors greatly influence ADOVIC's capacity to rise to the challenge of GBV. ADOVIC mediates these challenges through community-based partnership working. We describe the ADOVIC approach, including the engagement processes that resulted in this co-publication.