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International audience ; The question of the impact of food supply on food practices rises in a particular sociocultural environment—French Polynesia, an overseas territory—forged by a political and economic post-colonial system inferring a triple modality of food resources: monetary incomes, public funds, and subsistence consumption. The comparison between two Polynesian islands, Tahiti mostly central and urban and Rapa mostly peripheric and rural, highlights the variability of intracommunity food exchanges and symbolized social meanings. Rapa's choice of food resources collective control is readable through the importance of gifts, exchanges, and pooling food flows. The dimension of subsistence consumption, re-embedded in specific social temporality, allows local implementation of an integrated model of resource management.

International audience ; The question of the impact of food supply on food practices rises in a particular sociocultural environment—French Polynesia, an overseas territory—forged by a political and economic post-colonial system inferring a triple modality of food resources: monetary incomes, public funds, and subsistence consumption. The comparison between two Polynesian islands, Tahiti mostly central and urban and Rapa mostly peripheric and rural, highlights the variability of intracommunity food exchanges and symbolized social meanings. Rapa's choice of food resources collective control is readable through the importance of gifts, exchanges, and pooling food flows. The dimension of subsistence consumption, re-embedded in specific social temporality, allows local implementation of an integrated model of resource management.

International audience ; The question of the impact of food supply on food practices rises in a particular sociocultural environment—French Polynesia, an overseas territory—forged by a political and economic post-colonial system inferring a triple modality of food resources: monetary incomes, public funds, and subsistence consumption. The comparison between two Polynesian islands, Tahiti mostly central and urban and Rapa mostly peripheric and rural, highlights the variability of intracommunity food exchanges and symbolized social meanings. Rapa's choice of food resources collective control is readable through the importance of gifts, exchanges, and pooling food flows. The dimension of subsistence consumption, re-embedded in specific social temporality, allows local implementation of an integrated model of resource management.

This chapter promotes transnational perspective in ethnological research on labour migrants and refugees, and discusses the potential theoretical benefits of the notion of diaspora in an effort to think beyond ethnicity as the main ground of group formation. Using the adjective diasporic instead of the noun diaspora is suggested, as it hints at manifold processes of identity formation and social activities. It keeps the research interest open towards a wide range of experiences of what is often presented as "living away from home", or, from a transnational perspective, as having yet another home(land) – whether actual, remembered, or imagined – as a potential or actual frame of emotional, social or political reference.

<div><p><em>The <strong>world</strong> is amidst of an epochal demographic shift that will reshape societies, economies, and markets throughout the next century. The world population, as per United Nations forecasts, will either stabilize/ balance or peak around 2050, after growing for centuries at an ever-accelerating rate. The fundamental reason is the decline occurring in birth rates as nations advance economically. As birth rates drop and better health care services delay life </em><em>traverses ( prolongs life span), the world's population is aging rapidly. However the demographic dynamics in the developing world including India are radically different. Birth rates are still high, and populations are both growing and getting younger. Throughout the following couple of decades, a considerable lot of these nations including India are prone to experience what David Bloom, chair of the department of global health and population at Harvard's School of Public Health, has called a "demographic profit" a rising Proportion of youngsters entering the workforce, driving efficiency and economic development. But our aging population is anticipated to increase fourfold in next decade and this is a growing concern for India. The share of India's population ages 60 and older is anticipated to move from 8 percent in 2010 to 19 percent in 2050, as indicated by the United Nations Population Division (UN 2011. By mid-century, India's 60 and older population is expected to encompass 323 million individuals, a number more noteworthy than the aggregate U.S. populace in 2012. This profound shift in the share of older Indians— occurring with regards to changing family connections and severely limited old-age income support— brings with it an assortment of social, economic, and medicinal services approach challenges. </em></p><p><em>This paper proposes to contemplate the probable impact of the aging population in India, the challenges to be met and the opportunities to be exploited by investigating demographic, social and economic trends and aspects of aging in India, and advocate the necessity of policy initiatives for the care of older persons in India in terms of their wellbeing needs and budgetary security as it would be obligation of the state to provide, address the need of general population in the nation irrespective of age, standing, caste, sexual orientation and so forth.</em></p></div>

International audience ; Heterogeneous professional sector, the work-integration sector has been influenced in recent years by a hybrid mode of public regulation: a rationale of supervisory regulation characterized by coercive mechanisms of public intervention. The goal is to correlate contracts and subsidies with the quality of the integration services provided (outcomes) by operational structures; a competitive rationale characterized by competitive mechanisms to promote the economic value and the technical efficiency of the goods and services produced (output). Consequently operational structures converge towards the adoption of entrepreneurial standards. Their economic viability requires adopting an social business model less dependent on public subsidies and more commercial. According to the same dynamics, their transformation into Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs) is accompanied by processes of concentration. We study the forms, configurations and properties. In particular, eight types of business combination and a territorial polarization form, the territorial cluster of economic cooperation, have been identified. ; Secteur professionnel hétérogène, l'insertion par l'activité économique (IAE) a été influencé ces dernières années par une régulation publique hybride : une régulation tutélaire caractérisée par des mécanismes coercitifs d'intervention publique, l'objectif étant de corréler contrats et subventions à des services d'insertion de qualité fournis par des structures opérationnelles ; une régulation concurrentielle caractérisée par des mécanismes de compétition promouvant la valeur économique et l'efficience technique des productions support à l'insertion. Par conséquent, les structures opérationnelles composant le secteur convergent vers l'adoption de normes entrepreneuriales. Leur viabilité économique impose d'adopter un modèle économique à finalité sociale moins adossé aux subventions publiques et plus commercial. Suivant la même dynamique, leur transformation en entreprises sociales ...

Language Origin: A Multidisciplinary Approach presents a synthesis of viewpoints and data on linguistic, psychological, anatomical and behavioral studies on living species of Primates and provides a comparative framework for the evaluation of paleoanthropological studies. This double endeavor makes it possible to direct new research on the nature and evolution of human language and cognition. The book is directed to students of linguistics, biology, anthropoloy, anatomy, physiology, neurology, psychology, archeology, paleontology, and other related fields. A better understanding of speech pathology may stem from a better understanding of the relationship of human communication to the evolution of our species. The book is conceived as a timely contribution to such knowledge since it allows, for the first time, a systematic assessment of the origins of human language from a comprehensive array of scientific viewpoints

"China's rise to global power status in recent decades has been accompanied with a deepening trade relationship with Africa, leading to much academic debate about the influence of Chinese business in the continent. However, China's engagement with African states at the political and diplomatic level has received less attention in the literature. This book investigates the impact of Chinese policies on African politics, asking how China deals with political instability in Africa and in turn how Africans perceive China to be helping or hindering political stability. Whilst China officially operates with a foreign policy strategy which conceives of Africa as one integrated monolithic area (with FOCAC the flagship of inter-continental cooperation), this book highlights the plurality of context-specific interaction patterns between China and African elites, demonstrating how Chinese politics in the context of resource-rich and geostrategically important countries differs from the strategies coined for relations with those African states without strategic resources. By looking comparatively at a range of different country cases, the book aims to develop a theoretical framework that assesses how China reacts to political stability and instability, and in which ways the country contributes to domestic political dynamics and stability within African states. China's New Role in African Politics will be of interest to researchers from across Political Science, International Relations, International Law and Economy, Security Studies, and African and Chinese Studies"--

This book offers a comprehensive account of the nature and expression of contemporary forms of religion in Western societies. Drawing both on recent original work and classical and contemporary conceptual frameworks, it examines the beliefs, practices, patterns of organisation and significant trends in both mainstream and fringe religions including cults and quasi-religions. Competing arguments and theories about key developments are treated fully and fairly and there is a clear sense throughout of the social context. The approach is broadly sociological and the well-paced, jargon-free writing style and clearly sectioned chapters make this an ideal text for teaching and study purposes, both in sociology and religious studies. Amongst the themes and concerns covered are: * what we mean in the first place by religion * secularisation and new expressions of religiosity * the effect of religion on society and the relationship between religion and social change * the links between belief, belonging and social identity * contemporary Christianity and the religions of ethnic minorities in the West * globalisation, religious pluralism and postmodernity STEPHEN J. HUNT is Senior Lecturer in Sociology at the University of West of England, Bristol. He has written widely on contemporary Christianity and new religious movements

Online political astroturfing-hidden information campaigns in which a political actor mimics genuine citizen behavior by incentivizing agents to spread information online-has become prevalent on social media. Such inauthentic information campaigns threaten to undermine the Internet's promise to more equitable participation in public debates. We argue that the logic of social behavior within the campaign bureaucracy and principal-agent problems lead to detectable activity patterns among the campaign's social media accounts. Our analysis uses a network-based methodology to identify such coordination patterns in all campaigns contained in the largest publicly available database on astroturfing published by Twitter. On average, 74% of the involved accounts in each campaign engaged in a simple form of coordination that we call co-tweeting and co-retweeting. Comparing the astroturfing accounts to various systematically constructed comparison samples, we show that the same behavior is negligible among the accounts of regular users that the campaigns try to mimic. As its main substantive contribution, the paper demonstrates that online political astroturfing consistently leaves similar traces of coordination, even across diverse political and country contexts and different time periods. The presented methodology is a reliable first step for detecting astroturfing campaigns.

International audience ; In the early 1990s, Niger saw growing anger towards the military regime in power, not only because of police violence, but also due to its economic and social policies, particularly its first structural adjustment programme. After several months of revolts, the regime fell, giving way to a democratic government in 1991. Under pressure from international financial institutions, the new government quickly embarked on the same economic and social path as the previous one and adopted an adjustment policy, resistance to which had played a fundamental role in its accession to power. The government faced increasing street protests, and was overthrown by the army in January 1996, with most of the population not mobilizing to protect the democratic institutions. This article examines the conflicts of rationales that marked these few years, and shows how, by whom, and to what extent these rationales were opposed in practical terms. It also offers a social history of the adjustments by looking at how they were received by the people. By so doing, it looks back at a moment that has profoundly marked Niger's recent history: in this country, as in others, the adjustments have reconfigured rivalries, produced violence, and left an indelible mark on the political imaginary up to the present day.

International audience ; In the early 1990s, Niger saw growing anger towards the military regime in power, not only because of police violence, but also due to its economic and social policies, particularly its first structural adjustment programme. After several months of revolts, the regime fell, giving way to a democratic government in 1991. Under pressure from international financial institutions, the new government quickly embarked on the same economic and social path as the previous one and adopted an adjustment policy, resistance to which had played a fundamental role in its accession to power. The government faced increasing street protests, and was overthrown by the army in January 1996, with most of the population not mobilizing to protect the democratic institutions. This article examines the conflicts of rationales that marked these few years, and shows how, by whom, and to what extent these rationales were opposed in practical terms. It also offers a social history of the adjustments by looking at how they were received by the people. By so doing, it looks back at a moment that has profoundly marked Niger's recent history: in this country, as in others, the adjustments have reconfigured rivalries, produced violence, and left an indelible mark on the political imaginary up to the present day.

International audience ; In spite of pacification and democratization processes, Portuguese speaking countries from Africa andBrazil are still passing through multiple violences, more and more criminal, which repertoires havechanged and whose effects on sociability are beginning to be felt with force. In order to fight thoseviolences and their social dissemination, national and local elected governments have difficulties inredefining public security policies. Their reform depends in priority on the retreat of the military from thepolitical sphere. Thinking the trajectories of violences means emphazising their historicity, examiningthe heritages of a shared portuguese past, and evaluating the scope of today's social and politicalchanges. ; Malgré les pacifications et les démocratisations, les sociétés lusophones d'Afrique et du Brésilcontinuent à être traversées par de multiples violences, dont les répertoires ont changé, qui secriminalisent et dont les effets sur la sociabilité commencent à se faire sentir avec force. Pour luttercontre ces violences et leur dissémination sociale, les gouvernements, nationaux et locaux, issusd'élections peinent à redéfinir les politiques de sécurité publique, dont la réforme démocratique dépenden priorité du retrait des forces de l'ordre de la sphère politique. Réfléchir aux trajectoires des violencespermet d'en mettre en valeur l'historicité, de s'interroger sur les héritages liés au passé portugaiscommun, et d'évaluer la portée des changements sociaux et politiques d'aujourd'hui

International audience ; In spite of pacification and democratization processes, Portuguese speaking countries from Africa andBrazil are still passing through multiple violences, more and more criminal, which repertoires havechanged and whose effects on sociability are beginning to be felt with force. In order to fight thoseviolences and their social dissemination, national and local elected governments have difficulties inredefining public security policies. Their reform depends in priority on the retreat of the military from thepolitical sphere. Thinking the trajectories of violences means emphazising their historicity, examiningthe heritages of a shared portuguese past, and evaluating the scope of today's social and politicalchanges. ; Malgré les pacifications et les démocratisations, les sociétés lusophones d'Afrique et du Brésilcontinuent à être traversées par de multiples violences, dont les répertoires ont changé, qui secriminalisent et dont les effets sur la sociabilité commencent à se faire sentir avec force. Pour luttercontre ces violences et leur dissémination sociale, les gouvernements, nationaux et locaux, issusd'élections peinent à redéfinir les politiques de sécurité publique, dont la réforme démocratique dépenden priorité du retrait des forces de l'ordre de la sphère politique. Réfléchir aux trajectoires des violencespermet d'en mettre en valeur l'historicité, de s'interroger sur les héritages liés au passé portugaiscommun, et d'évaluer la portée des changements sociaux et politiques d'aujourd'hui

International audience ; In spite of pacification and democratization processes, Portuguese speaking countries from Africa andBrazil are still passing through multiple violences, more and more criminal, which repertoires havechanged and whose effects on sociability are beginning to be felt with force. In order to fight thoseviolences and their social dissemination, national and local elected governments have difficulties inredefining public security policies. Their reform depends in priority on the retreat of the military from thepolitical sphere. Thinking the trajectories of violences means emphazising their historicity, examiningthe heritages of a shared portuguese past, and evaluating the scope of today's social and politicalchanges. ; Malgré les pacifications et les démocratisations, les sociétés lusophones d'Afrique et du Brésilcontinuent à être traversées par de multiples violences, dont les répertoires ont changé, qui secriminalisent et dont les effets sur la sociabilité commencent à se faire sentir avec force. Pour luttercontre ces violences et leur dissémination sociale, les gouvernements, nationaux et locaux, issusd'élections peinent à redéfinir les politiques de sécurité publique, dont la réforme démocratique dépenden priorité du retrait des forces de l'ordre de la sphère politique. Réfléchir aux trajectoires des violencespermet d'en mettre en valeur l'historicité, de s'interroger sur les héritages liés au passé portugaiscommun, et d'évaluer la portée des changements sociaux et politiques d'aujourd'hui