Suchergebnisse

[...]. - Chapter 1 The Conceptualisation and Status of Informal and Formal Social Protection in Sub-Saharan Africa by Stephen Devereux and Melese Getu. - Chapter 2 'Giving is Saving': The Essence of Reciprocity as an Informal Social Protection System among the Arsii Oromo, Southern Ethiopia by Mamo Hebo. - Chapter 3 Linking Informal Social Arrangements, Social Protection and Poverty Reduction in the Urban Slums of Nairobi, Kenya by Philomena Muiruri. - Chapter 4 Securing the Urban Poor in the Age of Privatisation: Lessons from Kampala City, Uganda by Sabastiano Rwengabo. - Chapter 5 Informal and Formal Social Protection in Ethiopia by Amdissa Teshome. - Chapter 6 Social Protection amid Increasing Instability in Zimbabwe: Scope, Institutions and Policy Options by Innocent Chirisa. - Chapter 7 Social Protection and Climate Change Adaptation in Lesotho: Opportunities and Constraints by Patrick Gwimbi. - Chapter 8 Social Protection Systems in Pastoral Areas of Ethiopia: The Case of Fentale District, Oromia Region by Endalew Addis and Samuel Assefa. - Chapter 9 Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Coping Strategies and Social Safety Networks among the Pastoralists ofNarok District, Kenya by Truphena Eshibukule Mukuna . - Chapter 10 An Assessment of the Social Assistance Grants for Empowerment Programme in Uganda by Niringiye Aggrey. - Chapter 11 The Impact of Health Insurance on Household Access to Healthcare in Eldoret, Kenya by Nicholas Walter Otieno Ajwang. - Chapter 12 Implementation and Outcomes of Secondary Education Bursaries in Kenya by Constance R. Ambasa-Shisanya. - Chapter 13 Conclusion by Stephen Devereux and Melese Getu

In recent years, postmodern critiques have enlarged in scope, and increasingly confronted traditional social scientists with challenges: epistemic, methodological, and moral. In this article, we offer a two-pronged response. First, we speak to problems within postmodern theory itself. We argue that, when taken seriously, the theory leads to contradictions in epistemology, to fragmentation in knowledge, to opportunism in interpersonal relationships, and to nihilism in moral action and commitment. Second, we demonstrate how many of the legitimate concerns of postmodernists can and are addressed in current 'modern' research programs. It is our hope that postmodernity – for those who believe that that is where we are – will give way to the post-postmodern era: modernity itself, reinvigorated.

Die Gomuz, eine nilotische Ethnie in der Metekkel Region von Äthiopien, wurden über lange Zeit von den anderen dort lebenden Ethnien (Shinasha, Agew und Amhara) als minderwertig betrachtet, marginalisiert und teilweise physisch vernichtet. Mit der Siedlung der Oromo in der Region kam ein traditionelles System der Konfliktregelung, Michu genannt, das in jüngerer Zeit auch genutzt wird. Der Autor untersucht dieses traditionelle Verfahren der Konfliktregelung und attestiert ihm auch für die Zukunft gute Tauglichkeit. (DÜI-Sbd)

Abstract Centuries of scientific advances and developments in biomedical sciences have brought us a long way to understanding and managing disease processes, by reducing them to simplified cause-effect models. For most of the infectious diseases known today, we have the methods and technology to identify the causative agent, understand the mechanism by which pathology is induced and develop the treatment (drugs, vaccines, medical or surgical procedures) to cure, manage or control. Disease, however, occurs within a context of lives fraught with complexity. For any given infectious disease, who gets it, when, why, the duration, the severity, the outcome, the sequelae, are bound by a complex interplay of factors related as much to the individual as it is to the physical, social, cultural, political and economic environments. Furthermore each of these factors is in a dynamic state of change, evolving over time as they interact with each other. Simple solutions to infectious diseases are therefore rarely sustainable solutions. Sustainability would require the development of interdisciplinary sciences that allow us to acknowledge, understand and address these complexities as they occur, rather than rely solely on a form of science based on reducing the management of disease to simple paradigms. In this review we examine the current global health responses to the 'neglected' tropical diseases, which have been prioritised on the basis of an acknowledgment of the complexity of the poverty-disease cycle. However research and interventions for neglected tropical diseases, largely neglect the social and ecological contextual, factors that make these diseases persist in the target populations, continuing instead to focus on the simple biomedical interventions. We highlight the gaps in the approaches and explore the potential of enhanced interdisciplinary work in the development of long term solutions to disease control.

Complex societal issues, such as those raised by agricultural biotechnology and genetically modified food, call out for prompt, large-scale multidisciplinary research. Universities encounter powerful institutional impediments when trying to respond. This article describes a successful experiment designed to overcome those impediments and build university research capacity. Twenty-five faculty members from four colleges joined together to learn more about biotechnology. Within 1 year they produced 20 useful journal articles to help themselves and others understand the emerging issues, possibilities, and policy options.

This report was commissioned by the European Science Foundation (ESF) in the framework of the Member Organisation Fora instrument (Member Organisations in Central and Eastern Europe) from the Aleksanteri Institute, the Centre for Russian and Eastern European Studies. The aim of the study was to identify and analyse the situation and challenges in research in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEs), particularly concerning research conducted in Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) and in the field of social sciences. The main emphasis of the report is on state-run universities. The countries under examination are Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. All these countries are members of the ESF with the exception of Latvia, which was included in the study because it was seen as an integral part of the area under investigation. The respective countries are new members of the European Union (EU). The information on each country is presented in one of the main sections in this report.