Suchergebnisse

"Refugees and displaced people are increasingly moving to cities around the world, seeking out the social, economic, and political opportunity that urban areas provide. Against this backdrop digital technologies are fundamentally changing how refugees and displaced people engage with urban landscapes and economies where they settle. Urban Refugees and Digital Technology draws on contemporary data gathered from refugee communities in Bogotá, Nairobi, and Kuala Lumpur to build a new theoretical understanding of how technological change influences the ways urban refugees contribute to the social, economic, and political networks in their cities of arrival. This data is presented against the broader history of technological change in urban areas since the start of industrialization, showing how displaced people across time have used technologized urban spaces to shape the societies where they settle. The case studies and history demonstrate how refugees' interactions with environments that are often hostile to their presence spur novel adaptations to idiosyncratic features of a city's technological landscape. A wide-ranging study across histories and geographies of urban displacement, Urban Refugees and Digital Technology introduces readers to the myriad ways technological change creates spaces for urban refugees to build rich lives in cities."--

Substance use and abuse are two of the most frequent psychological problems clinicians encounter. Mainstream approaches focus on the biological and psychological factors supporting drug abuse. But to fully comprehend the issue, clinicians need to consider the social, historical, and cultural factors responsible for drug-related problems. Substance Use and Abuse: Cultural and Historical Perspectives provides an inclusive explanation of the human desire to take drugs. Using a multidisciplinary framework, authors Russil Durrant and Jo Thakker explore the cultural and historical v

'Korruption ist nicht deswegen ethisch negativ oder gesellschaftlich schädlich zu bewerten, weil sie gegen geltende Gesetze verstößt. Die Auswirkungen von Normen und Gesetzen können gesellschaftlich und wirtschaftlich ambivalent sein und sich auch im Zeitverlauf ändern. Für die Bewertung von Korruption muss daher ein nichtnormativer Ansatz gewählt werden. Für die Bewertung der Konsequenzen von Korruption lassen sich eine Reihe von empirischen und theoretischen Befunden und Meinungen heranziehen, die sich weitgehend auf quantifizierbare Effekte beziehen. Zu den schädlichen Wirkungen gehören beispielsweise, dass der Preis auf Märkten steigt, weil der Wettbewerb verzerrt wird, oder dass Qualitätsmängel bei Gütern oder Dienstleistungen auftreten. Zwar werden in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur überwiegend die schädlichen Wirkungen von Korruption betont, es werden aber auch positive Konsequenzen genannt wie etwa die Beschleunigung administrativer Leistungen beim so genannten Speed Money. Es lässt sich sogar zeigen, dass Korruption nicht automatisch eine pareto-ineffiziente Allokation nach sich ziehen muss. Der Beitrag verschiedener soziologischer Richtungen zur Korruptionstheorie kann insbesondere darin bestehen, die nicht-quantifizierbaren Effekte von Korruption aufzuzeigen. Fasst man Korruption i.S.d. Handlungstheorie als eine Interaktionssequenz zwischen einem Prinzipal, einem Agenten (der für ihn arbeitet) und einem Klienten, der den Agenten besticht, dann lassen sich die schädlichen Auswirkungen von Korruption in einem größeren Rahmen deutlich machen. Korruption kann dann als gesellschaftlich negatives Sozialkapital definiert werden, das destabilisierend wirkt, weil es der Gesellschaft die Vertrauensgrundlage entzieht, die für ihre Existenz lebensnotwendig ist. Fehlendes Vertrauen kann nicht quantifiziert und nicht substituiert werden. Die Un-Ethik von Korruption wird auf diese Weise besser approximiert als über die juristische Tatsache, dass Akteure gegen geltendes Recht verstoßen haben.' (Autorenreferat)

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- A Policy Perspective -- References -- Chapter 2 A Nation of Immigrants? -- Historical Migration -- Migration in the Modern Era -- References -- Chapter 3 The Economics of Migration -- Measuring Nonemployment -- The Gap -- Fiscal Effects of Immigration -- References -- Chapter 4 A Moral Superpower -- Volumes -- Comparison of Outcomes -- The Second Generation -- The Swedish Paradox -- A True Moral Superpower -- References -- Chapter 5 The Long Run -- Multicultural Cities -- The Challenges of Malmö -- The Long Run Arrives -- References -- Chapter 6 Smoldering Concrete -- Burning Automobiles -- Quantifying Vehicle Arson -- Happy Days -- Normalizing the Abnormal -- Torching Utopia -- References -- Chapter 7 Inequality -- Income Distribution -- Wealth Disparity -- Relative Poverty -- Absolute Poverty -- References -- Chapter 8 Parallel Societies -- Effects for Residents -- COVID-19 Segregation -- White Flight -- Separate Societies in Ethnic Enclaves -- Patriarchal Structures and the Morality Police -- The Caliphate in the North -- References -- Chapter 9 Social Exclusion -- Neo-Poverty -- Outsiders -- A Map of Social Exclusion -- Development Over Time -- References -- Chapter 10 Immigration and Causality -- Unemployment and School Performance -- Explanations and Excuses -- Simpson's Paradox and Child Poverty -- References -- Chapter 11 Law and Order -- Measuring Crime -- Self-Reported Surveys of Crime -- Sex Crime -- Property Crime -- Historical Homicide -- Shootings -- Criminal Behavior -- References -- Chapter 12 Immigration and Crime -- Research on Immigrant Overrepresentation -- Discrimination -- Cultural Factors -- Controlling for Socioeconomic Factors -- References -- Chapter 13 Gang Crime -- Organized Crime -- Disorganized Crime.

Introduction / Sakari Taipale, Terhi-Anna Wilska and Chris Gilleard -- Historical, theoretical, and methodological perspectives -- The place of age in the digital revolution / Chris Gilleard -- Generational analysis as a methodological approach to study mediatised social change / GÖran Bolin -- Generational analysis of people's experience of ICTS / Leslie Haddon -- Family generations and ICT -- Mobile life of middle aged employees : fragmented time and softer schedules / Mia Tammelin and Timo Anttila -- Intergenerational solidarity and ICT usage : empirical insights from Finnish and Slovenian families / Sakari Taipale, Andrae Petrovic, and Vesna Dolnicar -- Gendering the mobile phone : a life course approach / Carla Ganito -- How young people experience elderly people's use of digital technologies in everyday life / Leopoldina Fortunati -- ICTS and client trust in the care of old people in Finland / Helena Hirvonen -- Mobile phone use and social generations in rural india / Sirpa Tenhunen -- Consumption, lifestyles and markets -- Necessities to all? : the role of ICTS in the everyday life of the middle-aged and elderly between 1999 and 2014 / Terhi-Anna Wilska and Sanna Kuoppamäki -- A risk to privacy or a need for security? : digital domestic technologies in the lives of young adults and late middle-agers / Sanna-Mari Kuoppamäki, Outi Uusitalo, and Tiina Kemppainen -- Personality traits and computer use in midlife : leisure activities and work characteristics as mediators / Tiia Kekäläinen and Katja Kokko -- Electronic emotions, age and the life course / Jane Vincent -- Conclusions / Chris Gilleard, Terhi-Anna Wilska, and Sakari Taipale.

Social identity theory is a diffuse but interrelated group of social psychological theories concerned with when and why individuals identify with, and behave as part of social groups, and adopt shared attitudes. Social identity theory is thus concerned both with the psychological and sociological aspects of group behavior. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of social identity, including the elderly and social identity; sexual identity in relation to developmental and social considerations; ethnic identity in Baikalian Siberia and the role of Russian colonisation; Latinas and Black women negotiating multiple marginalised social identities; social identity implications for individuals with physical disabilities and social identity and self-image. -- Book Description

This book brings together a diverse set of expert scholars to enliven and sharpen the debate about the ways in which consumption affects society today. Research on consumption can shed light on many fundamental questions, such as the character of society, including social and cultural dimensions; the relations between the generations; dependency of technology and the risks involved; the rise of Asia and its potential consumption preferences; the question of whether we must continuously increase our consumption to avoid a recession and whether this is ecologically sustainable

"This thoroughly revised and expanded new edition provides a comprehensive introduction to contemporary social policy and addresses its historical, theoretical and contextual foundations as well as contemporary policy issues relating to health, education and welfare as well as the impact of Brexit. Divided into four sections, it opens with a survey of the socio-economic, political and governmental contexts within which social policy operates, before moving on to look at the historical development of the subject. The third section examines contemporary aspects of providing welfare, whilst the final part covers European and wider international developments."

The term social infrastructure is increasingly being discussed in academic literature, policy reports and public forums. We might even go so far as to say it is the latest buzzword. Feminist economists understand social infrastructures as encompassing all aspects of social reproduction,
but these ideas are routinely sidelined in wider debates. This article provides a critical reading of key trends in the ways the term social infrastructure is currently being defined and deployed: namely, as being equivalent to social spaces and spaces of sociability, such as community centres,
parks and libraries, rather than being understood in terms of labour, gender and social reproduction. Part of the reason for this is the association between social reproduction and the home, which leads to a dismissal of reproductive work in communities at large. In writing about infrastructures
more generally, it is not uncommon for gendered labour, care and reproduction to go completely ignored, or at least to only be discussed in relation to physical infrastructure. This simultaneous erasure and co-optation of feminist ideas has the effect of diminishing, diluting and marginalising
the role of social reproduction as the foundation of our economy and society. It is therefore also a form of depoliticisation. In the article's conclusion, the case is made for recognising and reclaiming social reproduction as social infrastructure: an infra-structural approach could help
alleviate long-standing tensions in definitions of social reproduction as both process and practice, and as operating on multiple scales.

The essays in this volume reflect on the nature of subjectivity in the diverse places where anthropologists work at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Contributors explore everyday modes of social and psychological experience, the constitution of the subject, and forms of subjection that shape the lives of Basque youth, Indonesian artists, members of nongovernmental HIV/AIDS programs in China and the Republic of Congo, psychiatrists and the mentally ill in Morocco and Ireland, and persons who have suffered trauma or been displaced by violence in the Middle East and in South and Southea

Micro-business is one of the activities that is currently almost 90% the share of business in Indonesia, considering the micro business is an informal business, and not many micro-businesses have been touched by the financing sector so that micro-businesses are not affected in the economic crisis. In addition, micro-businesses are complicated to develop their businesses due to the lack of requirements to get funding and guidance that is still not effective, resulting in the lack of information for businesses to take advantage of existing market share. Moreover, micro-businesses must also be able to adapt to continue and grow amidst the current difficult conditions. The problems in this study are 1. Growth of Micro Businesses and the Concept of Development and Funding amid Technology-Based Business Competition 2. Legal Aspects of Micro-Business Development in the Welfare State's Goals. Results of this Research As the goal of the welfare state is one of them to improve the social welfare of the community. Micro-businesses participate in the purpose of the welfare state because remembering micro business as one of the fundamental pillars of driving the economy in Indonesia. It is necessary to have an active role of government and society to participate in building micro-businesses to be more developed so that the increase of the economy both in the region and nationally. So that the government must be able to facilitate businesses so that micro businesses can develop as the objectives of the welfare state. ; Micro-business is one of the activities that is currently almost 90% the share of business in Indonesia, considering the micro business is an informal business, and not many micro-businesses have been touched by the financing sector so that micro-businesses are not affected in the economic crisis. In addition, micro-businesses are complicated to develop their businesses due to the lack of requirements to get funding and guidance that is still not effective, resulting in the lack of information for businesses to take advantage of existing market share. Moreover, micro-businesses must also be able to adapt to continue and grow amidst the current difficult conditions. The problems in this study are 1. Growth of Micro Businesses and the Concept of Development and Funding amid Technology-Based Business Competition 2. Legal Aspects of Micro-Business Development in the Welfare State's Goals. Results of this Research As the goal of the welfare state is one of them to improve the social welfare of the community. Micro-businesses participate in the purpose of the welfare state because remembering micro business as one of the fundamental pillars of driving the economy in Indonesia. It is necessary to have an active role of government and society to participate in building micro-businesses to be more developed so that the increase of the economy both in the region and nationally. So that the government must be able to facilitate businesses so that micro businesses can develop as the objectives of the welfare state.

It ain't what it is, its the way that they do it? Why we still don't understand cybercrime / Mike McGuire -- Contributions of criminological theory to the understanding of cybercrime offending and victimization / Adam Bossler -- The open and dark web : facilitating cybercrime and technology-enabled offenses / Claudia Flamand and David Décary-Hétu -- Predictors of cybercrime victimization : causal effects or biased associations? / Steve van de Weijer -- Virtual danger : an overview of interpersonal cybercrimes / Jordana Navarro -- Sexual violence in digital society : understanding the human and technosocial factors / Anastasia Powell, Asher Flynn and Nicola Henry -- Cybercrime subcultures : Contextualizing offenders and the nature of the offense / Thomas J. Holt -- On social engineering / Kevin Steinmetz, Richard Goe and Alexandra Pimentel -- Contrasting cyber-dependent and traditional offenders : a comparison on criminological explanations and potential prevention methods / Marleen Weulen Kranenbarg -- Financial cybercrimes and situational crime prevention / Rutger Leukfeldt and Jurjen Jansen -- Modelling cybercrime development : the case of Vietnam / Jonathan Lusthaus -- Humanising the cybercriminal : markets, forums and the carding subculture / Craig Webber and Michael Yip -- The roles of 'old' and 'new' media tools and technologies in the facilitation of violent extremism and terrorism / Ryan Scrivens and Maura Conway -- Child sex abuse images and exploitation materials / Roderic Broadhurst -- Policing cybercrime : responding to the growing problem and considering future solutions / Cassandra Dodge and George Burruss -- Responding to individual fraud : Perspectives of the 'Fraud Justice Network' / Cassandra Cross -- The ecology of cybercrime / Benoît Dupont -- Displacing big data : how criminals cheat the system / Alice Hutchings, Sergio Pastrana and Richard Clayton.