Suchergebnisse

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the support for the promotion of development through the production and sale of their products. The aspect to be studied is the decrease in production, a consequence of the slow economic reactivation of these firms since the events related to the pandemic in the year 2020. The research seeks to recognize the measures and consequences in order to address and solve the identified problem. This will be achieved through the application of the Theory of Neglected Effects (TEO), which are not always captured by the scholars of the subject, to reduce hesitations and decide in a more accurate way. Methodologically, the research has a mixed descriptive approach, where the synthetic analytical method is implemented. Surveys were applied to subjects with production expertise, using the endecadary scale and fuzzy logic to develop a square matrix of forgotten effects, thus identifying the underlying variable. The results reveal changes in the form of behavior from synergy, which positively impacts increased productivity by decreasing costs. Finally, by applying the guidelines of the scholars and obtaining a matrix that relates qualitative variables, based on cause and effect links, a criterion is obtained that facilitates decisions and the possibility for companies to arrange production increases for the fortune of the company.

The population composition in South African total citizens displays that more than 50 percent are Females. In contrary, confusion arises when job opportunities and available vacant posts are not distributed equally with the Male. Thus, the objective of this study was to offer understandings of grand challenges of South African Police Women across South Africa, aided by this hanging question: Can relevant policy measures ease this burden? This qualitative study employed the Scoping Review research design. The non-probability: Purposive sampling was used. The collected data was restricted to 1990-2021. The inductive Textual Content Analysis (TCA) was applied for data analysis. Results indicate that there is an absence of effective policy and regulation that can boost the status of Females in the Police services or Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs). This is selectively attributed to stereotypical outlook of Male population and resistance to contemporary changes. Moreover, the existence of numerous policies, including 'laws, rules and regulations,'implementations seem distant,further fueled by limited inspections and audits, which continues to deprive Females fair competitiveness with Males across many aspects. It is recommended that implementations of available polices to address challenges faced by Females in different societal sectors should be made an urgent priority. Males should also subject Females to impartial, fair treatment and tolerance. The complexity of SAPS should not be gender-based.

The study's overarching goals are to determine the nature of the skills taught in schools, the characteristics of the students who excel under those circumstances, the nature of the services available to gifted children, and the nature of the factors that either stifle or foster the development of students' talents. Quantitative study would not be complete without this aspect. Data is collected through in-person interviews, on-the-job observations, and detailed notes. The method utilized to analyse the data also meets the criteria set out by Miles and Huberman. The findings indicate that gifted children are those who excel in areas where their peers often struggle, who show exceptional skill in select areas, and who reach the greatest levels of accomplishment in those areas. Throughout the course of a typical counselling session, a minimum of five of the seven theoretical components of guidance and counselling will be used. The distinctiveness of the student, the encouragement of teachers and peers, the student's personal interests and drive, the resources available at the madrasa, and the community all play a role in offering aid. Constraints of time, location, and the availability of all required resources, as well as the impression of counselling and guidance instructors' lack of attention, all operate against pupils.

Africa remains underdeveloped despite many years of conceptualising, formulating and implementing different development policies and programs. Africa's developmental challenges have attracted attention from various stakeholders and many factors have been identified as contributing to the problem. The African Union, at its Golden Jubilee celebration in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) in 2013, adopted a new development plan aimed at making Africa a key player in global affairs by 2063. Africa's new development Agenda has been engaged at various conferences and seminars. However, not much theological engagements with the document have been witnessed so far. The purpose of the paper is to explore how a contextual application of selected aspects of John Wesley's socio-political theology might catalyze the achievement of two of the seven aspirations set out in Agenda 2063. The main thesis of this paper is that human political activities are deeply rooted in God's political nature and hence must be exercised within God's sovereign rule. The paper concludes that the development of Africa must not only focus on socio-economic progress but also on moral/spiritual development. The paper contributes to the ongoing scholarly discussions on Agenda 2063 and provides Christians, political leaders in Africa and other stakeholders with theological framework for achieving a holistic and sustainable development in Africa.

Distracted road users contribute to high rate of road traffic accidents globally and it is also prevalent in South Africa where many road users lose their lives on the road due to distraction. The inability of road users to adhere to the rules of the road with regard to the use of cell phones, driving while impaired, walking while impaired and all other means of distraction while on the road is a major problem in South Africa. Road users should be focused on the road and follow the rules of the road and avoid other aspects which could derail their journey and lead up to fatality as it is the case on South African roads. This article focused on distracted road users who contribute to high rate of road traffic accidents in South Africa. The article is based on a qualitatively rooted methodology including a wide range of primary and secondary sources. The article further draws on the findings from the world on road safety and formulate steps to road traffic accidents as a result of being distracted on the road. The research based key steps leading to prevention of road traffic accidents as a result of being distracted on the road in South Africa.

Gurdwara Shiri Guru Singh Sabha is the finest historical and religio-cultural legacy of Sikhs in Hazara Division. Due to the absence of Sikh population, it is not functional for religious activities and remained closed till 1976. Later the building became part of various departments and was eventually converted into a library in 2000 but its old look and architecture have been taken care of. This magnificent three story Gurdwara still amazes the visitors with its architectural beauty. This masterpiece of Sikh architecture still exists with its historical, religious and cultural values. The current study is an attempt to elaborate all those historical aspects associated with Gurdwara which are still hidden from the limelight. The study also seeks to highlight the religious significance of the Gurdwara for the Sikh community of Pakistan and abroad. The research has mainly been conducted through primary and secondary sources including historical evidences, interviews, journals and books etc with an aim to highlight the scope of religious tourism in the Hazara Region. The decision of the ETBP to resume Sikh rituals and worship here is really a matter of happiness for the Sikh community. This decision will further promote peace in the times to come. Gurdwara is a testament to the fact that the religious places of minorities in Pakistan are not only safe but as intact as possible.

This article is devoted to considering of the phenomenon of bilingualism from the point of view of linguistic, psycholinguistic, psychological, and pedagogical aspects, the characteristics of typical mistakes that bilingual students make in writing when studying the lexical and grammatical norms of the modern Russian literary language. The article discusses scientific approaches to describing the problem of bilingualism by Russian and foreign authors (Avrorin, 1972; Shcherba, 1974; Vereshchagin, 2014; Weinreich, 1972; Agar, 1994; Breton, 1991; Lambert, 1963). The methodological basis of the research is made up of general scientific methods: the method of complex theoretical analysis of the problem under study, logical methods of analysis of scientific concepts, methodological analysis of 16 written works of bilingual students 1st year in the discipline "Business communications and speech culture". The result of the research is a description of typical lexical and grammatical errors in the written language of bilingual students, and the presentation of practical recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of students' mastering of the norms of the Russian literary language. It is concluded that deep involvement in the language content plan, modern knowledge of the lexical and grammatical norms of the modern Russian literary language will help bilingual students competently express their thoughts in oral and written speech form and be active participants in effective intercultural communication.

This case study is an overview of prevailing eight-dimensioned frameworks of e-learning for LMS in the Virtual University of Pakistan. This study outlines two dimensions i.e. pedagogy and evaluation out of prevailing eight-dimensions. The main objective of the study was to overview the role of pedagogical and evaluation aspects in distance programs offered through the learning management system. A total of 150 male and female students enrolled in spring and fall semesters in the year 2019 of two-year master level programs of twin cities Rawalpindi and Islamabad were selected through a stratified sampling technique for the study. The researcher developed a questionnaire and verified its validity and reliability for collecting data. Statistical analyses such as mean and standard deviations were used to analyze the questionnaire. The findings of the research are that prevailing LMS is functioning effectively and appropriately as respondents determine in their constructive and optimistic responses regarding the role of learning management system offered by the university in distance learning programs. It is concluded that the functioning of LMS is appropriate and effective. It is recommended that LMS would be useful and effective in any pandemic and prevailing type of situation. The same pattern of LMS is useful during Covid for formal universities.

In this paper, we analyze the most significant ruligs of the Court of Justice of the Europian Union regarding the interpretation of the provisions of the Framework decision on the European arrest warrant which established the principle of ne bis in idem as one of the grounds for both mandatory and optional non-execution of the extradition request issued to the judicial authority of the executing Member State. Although the European arrest warrant is one of the most important mechanisms of cooperation in criminal matters between Member States, the provisions of the Framework decision that established the European arrest warrant as part of the EU law do not define precisely enough some of the key aspects of its implementation, leaving plenty of space for different interpretations and actions of national authorities, which in turn contributes to legal uncertainty and unequal application of the EU law within Member States. In this context, the European Court of Justice made some of the key points in the 2010 Mantello case and 2018 AY case, and primarily focused on issues related to the ''same act'' category as one of the key criteria for applying the ne bis in idem principle in transnational context. The inductive-deductive method and content analysis were used in the analysis of the cases mentioned above.

ObjectiveWe consider proximity and access to the district offices of members of Congress to explore whether gerrymandering affects individuals' capacity to be heard and thus impairs their representation.MethodsIn a study of six states, we conduct more than 123 million distance measurements to identify residents whose closest district office is in the wrong congressional district. Based on survey results, we then estimate the likelihood that such mismatched individuals will personally visit the office of their member of Congress.ResultsWe find that in five gerrymandered states, between 28.7 and 47.5 percent of residents have a mismatched closest district office, a rate several times higher than in a non‐gerrymandered state. Extrapolating from survey results, we find that mismatched residents are 38 percent less likely to visit their own district office, and that across five states gerrymandering effectively deters nearly 600,000 office visits over a two‐year congressional session.ConclusionOf significance in both the legal and scholarly arena, we find that gerrymandering increases the prevalence of mismatched district offices, thereby impeding constituents from making in‐person visits that are widely viewed as the most effective mechanism for communicating their opinions and needs to Congress. We believe this heretofore undocumented mismatch warrants additional scholarly consideration of gerrymandering's effects on individual's access to tangible aspects of representation.

This research explores the psychoanalytical aspects of the lives of South Asian immigrant characters in the novel Brick Lane (2003). The novel highlights the theme of migration, describing the shock of arrival, the process of settlement, and the subsequent problems involved in the transition from one country to another, as well as from a rural environment to an urban. This research explores cultural issues related to migrant diaspora living in London. The novel constructs a detailed exploration of the psychological responses of particular individuals to the traumas of migration and marginalization, alongside an investigation of the psychological roots of the current conflicts between different ethnic and religious groups. This research represents an interdisciplinary study, combining a detailed reading of Brick Lane with recent psychoanalytic analyses of personality development and the effects of geographical displacement and migration on the individual and collective psyche. Salman Akhtar's work on the psychological causes and consequences of migration is used as a major theoretical framework in this research. The novel is mainly concerned with the personal development of a protagonist Bangladeshi woman, Nazneen, in England. This paper presents the diasporic consciousness along with the psychoanalytical perspectives of the migrants of the South Asian region and how they face the issues of cultural ambivalence.

ObjectiveIs democracy necessary for good governance? Although it is often assumed that there is a natural connection between democracy and governance, there is remarkably little empirical work that tests this relationship cross‐nationally.MethodsIn this article, I first focus on distinguishing aspects of good governance and separate them conceptually from democracy. Second, I outline several different types of regime models that represent models for emulation among developing countries. Third, using data from 115 countries from 1996 to 2011, I quantitatively analyze which of these is more effective in producing good governance (which in part explains the appeal of some models over others).ResultsThe results suggest that there are (1) either no differences between one‐party regimes and democracies in terms of the promotion of rule of law or effective governance in the developing world; and (2) some types of semi‐authoritarian one‐party regimes are better at promoting rule of law and effective governance than other types of authoritarian regimes—equally as well as democracies.ConclusionContrary to much of the literature, democracy does not appear to be necessary for good "enough" governance. However, in the long run, for good governance and the "rule of law" to firmly take root (where regime elites are held accountable by law), democratic institutions must be ultimately developed.

Abstract
Post-colonialism and orientalism have inspired literary scholars to study various aspects of literature and literary translation in the post-colonial era. One of the implications of post-colonialism for literature as a discipline is the idea of cannibalism and cultural manipulation. This corpus-based study aims to analyze the notions of "cultural manipulation" or "cannibalism" in the Persian translation of Haji Baba by Mirza Habib Isfahani, to explore the translator's strategy, as an intercultural mediator, in modulating the source novel's colonial stance and adapting it to the religious, literary and cultural tastes of the Iranians. Our findings reveal that two main techniques—of omission and euphemism—have been applied in rendering the novel into Persian. Using these techniques, the translator has attempted to challenge the imperial stance of the main writer and come up with a version of the source novel which is much less insulting to Iranians' cultural values. That is why this translation has been widely received as a literary masterpiece in Persian literature. One implication is that it might be claimed that cannibalism and cultural manipulation can be used to explain the trend of manipulating western literature in countries which have never been colonized, but that have suffered from the colonial stance of colonial writers.

AbstractMost studies on panethnicity have focused on the United States, leaving researchers with little understanding of how it becomes institutionalized in areas with different racial politics and histories. Drawing on fifty-two in-depth interviews with Latin American immigrant leaders, political party operatives, and bureaucrats, in addition to fourteen weeks of participant observation, I examine the establishment of panethnic Latino coalitions in the Barcelona, Spain, which has witnessed a sharp increase in Latin American migration. I argue that unlike in the United States, in Spain political parties play a critical role in establishing panethnic coalitions. They do so by enabling the development of panethnic civic organizations that they hope will be politically loyal to them. Latin American immigrant leaders respond to these efforts by cooperating with parties while also resisting political pressure. Specifically, immigrant leaders forge networks with one another that cross party lines, use media to promote the nonpartisan aspects of panethnicity, and construct cultural and instrumental narratives about panethnic unity. These strategies help immigrant leaders weather political shifts and make panethnicity seem to have arisen organically. Panethnicity is forged as a strategic, cultural, and experiential form of community identification precisely through this interaction between parties, immigrant leaders, and media. Implications for understanding how panethnicity becomes institutionalized and avenues for further international research on panethnicity are discussed.

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to investigate the impact of perceptions of elite polarization on presidential communication. Polarization among political elites has been a well‐studied aspect of political science scholarship. Party competition is seen as healthy for democracy; however, polarization often leads to gridlock and legislative inaction. There is ongoing debate about how elite polarization affects individual attitude formation, particularly in relation to important political institutions like the American presidency.MethodsI conducted randomized laboratory experiments in which respondents read information about the state of partisanship in American politics, viewed videos of President Obama, and then answered questions about issues and presidential approval.ResultsThe results show that when participants were primed to think about elite polarization as high, presidential communication yields job‐approval ratings, issue‐importance ratings, and issue stances closer to the party line, compared to participants primed to think elite polarization is low or when there was no prime at all.ConclusionThe findings suggest that when primed to think about strong partisan disagreements, partisan identity overwhelms respondents, and makes them focus most on their partisan identity, regardless of content; without such a prime, respondents are more likely to consider the content of presidential communication. Perceptions of partisan acrimony can affect how partisans perceive important institutions like the presidency in terms of job approval and issue stance.