Suchergebnisse

Family Reunification is a necessary way of making family life possible. It is a fundamental right and it is a social right. This article examines Albanian legislation on family reunification. The purpose of the Albanian new legislation is to create a complete legal framework according to the European Union rules on family reunification. The aim of this study is to analyze, under Migration and Asylum Legislation of the Republic of Albania, the procedures, the conditions and the beneficiaries of family reunification of migrants and refugees in the territory of Albania. It will analyze the definition of the family, the conditions of entry and stay and the rights conferred on family members. We argue that the issue of family reunification is not the heart of immigration policy. Albanian legislation is now presented more "in line" with the European standards even that the progress has been slower and less substantial than expected. Moreover, the level of protection of family life in these instruments should be significantly higher than the present one. Many flexible elements should be introduced to facilitate the process of family reunification and to force the protection of the rights of family members. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n6p681

Life narratives are often interwoven with the social, economic and political history of the times. In mainstream history, the lives of the underprivileged who contributed to the Indian freedom struggle are barely recorded. The discourse of history is based on written evidence. Since the history of the subaltern classes largely exists in the form of folk-tales, legends and oral narratives, history cannot accommodate these lives in its discourse. Ranajit Guha points this out: "What clearly is left out of this un-historical historiography is the politics of the people. For parallel to the domain of elite politics there existed throughout the colonial period another domain of Indian politics in which the principal actors were not the dominant groups of the indigenous society or the colonial authorities but the subaltern classes and groups constituting the mass of the labouring population and the intermediate strata in town and country-that is, the people" (Guha 4). I wish to examine how Mahasweta Devi depicts the life-story of Titu Mir who brought the subaltern classes together to fight the British and how the fictional discourse provides an alternative as well as opposition to the historical discourse.

В статье дается анализ образования, которое развивается в новых условиях глобализации, которая в условиях постиндустриального, информационного общества непрестанно влияет на изменение парадигмы организации и развития образования как стратегического ресурса прогресса цивилизации; даются современные подходы к определению понятия «услуги в сфере образования», которое является ключевым при определении нового этапа введения концепции сервисного государства; даются характеристики образования как специфической отрасли общественной жизни, важной предпосылки решения основных заданий общества, государства, необходимого условия общественного воссоздания и успешной трудовой деятельности, формирования кадров для всех сфер народного хозяйства, общественной и государственной жизни. ; The article provides an analysis of education that develops in the new context of globalization, which in the post-industrial, information society continually affects the paradigm shift of the organization and the development of education as a strategic resource for the progress of civilization, and gives modern approaches to the definition of " educational services ", which is key in determining the step of introducing a new concept of service of the state, and gives characteristics of education as a specific sector of public life, an important prerequisite for solving the basic tasks of society, the state, a necessary condition for public recreation and successful work, the framing for all areas of the economy, social and political life.

В статье обсуждается влияние процесса глобализации на идентичность жителей старинных русских городов, поскольку признаки нового образа жизни особенно заметны на территориях бывшего Советского Союза и территории городов Европы с богатым историческим прошлым. Создавая новую социальную реальность, многие новые элементы контрастируют с привычным восприятием города и его образом жизни, что часто способствует кризису идентичности жителей. Автор статьи, опираясь на экспертный опрос, проведенный в Великом Новгороде, приходит к выводу, что в риторических стратегиях региональной власти необходимо актуализировать образы из великого прошлого для преодоления кризиса идентичности. ; This article is devoted to globalisation process that influences the identity of old Russian cities dwellers. The reason of this work is a fact, that signs of new way of life became especially noticeable among former USSR members and European cities with great historic past. A lot of new elements contrast with usual perception of city and it's way of life. It creates new social reality that often leads to the dwellers identity crisis. The author makes conclusion based on professional canvass held in Novgorod the Great that it's necessary to bring into focus images of great past in speech strategies of regional government to overwhelm identity crisis.

AbstractImplicit skill learning underlies obtaining not only motor, but also cognitive and social skills through the life of an individual. Yet, the ontogenetic changes in humans' implicit learning abilities have not yet been characterized, and, thus, their role in acquiring new knowledge efficiently during development is unknown. We investigated such learning across the lifespan, between 4 and 85 years of age with an implicit probabilistic sequence learning task, and we found that the difference in implicitly learning high‐ vs. low‐probability events – measured by raw reaction time (RT) – exhibited a rapid decrement around age of 12. Accuracy andz‐transformed data showed partially different developmental curves, suggesting a re‐evaluation of analysis methods in developmental research. The decrement in raw RT differences supports an extension of the traditional two‐stage lifespan skill acquisition model: in addition to a decline above the age 60 reported in earlier studies, sensitivity to raw probabilities and, therefore, acquiring new skills is significantly more effective until early adolescence than later in life. These results suggest that due to developmental changes in early adolescence, implicit skill learning processes undergo a marked shift in weighting raw probabilities vs. more complex interpretations of events, which, with appropriate timing, prove to be an optimal strategy for human skill learning.

Small in number, the Dutch community in Solo, 1900-1915, enjoyed a splendid life. They had everything European at that time had. Jobs, technology, facilities, faith, and leisure time activities were all available for them. They were at ease with the local community. The Dutch style of life was partly adopted by the upper layer of the native. They were in harmony with the authorities (the Dutch administration and the two Javanese principalities: the Kasunanan and the Mangkunegaran) and the Javanese. When the Indische Party (IP) was established in 1912 in Bandung, they accepted the party but not the ideology of radicalism. They refused the idea of an independent state offered by the lerdership of IP, promoted instead an autonomy under the Dutch. In Solo they prefered an autonomy under the Dutch, because in fact they had lived in harmony with the Javanese, and reversely, the Javanese themselves looked happy with the Dutch, culturally and politically. When the IP was not legalized by the Government the IP Solo went to be a social and local organization. They would like to live harmoniously with the Javanese and the Dutch authority. Their ideology became clearer, they were populist and loyalist.

"Currently, the young generation entering the employment market experiences various possibilities that can help them to plan and conduct their professional carriers, the possibilities which were not available before the transformation of political system. Such variety offers an outstanding chance of professional development, which did not exist before. In the same time, it occurs to be one of the reasons making the choice of occupation and life decisions connected to it so difficult. The above might often cause the lack of confidence and safety. Bańka (2008) emphasises that present-day transition from education to employment is less and less clear and more difficult to plan, so the decisions concerning the career path are deferred. Hence, it has resulted in distinguishing a new period, covering the age of 18—30 and called "rising maturity" (Bańka, 2006). Its main characteristic feature is openness to new life and professional experience. In that time, young people create their individual professional development, plan and build new models of their carriers in which the role of personal and social competencies is significantly increasing. Nowadays, such competencies are the essential condition of functional adaptation of a person to new work conditions and new organizational reality".

Background: Depressed inpatients constitute a high-risk population for suicide attempts. Aims: To describe the interactions of clinical and psychosocial risk factors influencing suicide attempts among a Malaysian sample of depressed inpatients. Methods: Seventy-five subjects were diagnosed with a depressive disorder according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Clinical Version (SCID-CV). Data on suicide attempts, suicidal ideation (Scale for Suicidal Ideation, SSI), depression severity (Beck's Depression Inventory, BDI), recent life-event changes (Social Readjustment Rating Scale, SRRS), sociodemographic and other relevant clinical factors were collected. Results: A third of the subjects presented after a current suicide attempt. Significant factors for a current suicide attempt were race, religion, recent life-event changes, suicidal ideation, and alcohol use disorder. Independent predictive risk factors for a current suicide attempt were Chinese race, recent marital separation, major mortgage or loans, and being newly diagnosed with depression. Any recent change in personal habits was shown to be a protective factor against current suicide attempt. Age and gender were nonsignificant factors. Conclusions: The findings are generally consistent with existing studies and highlight the role of psychosocial risk factors.

Regarding the differences in timing of adult transitions (i.e., completion of education, full-time employment, having an intimate relationship, having a child) and their relation to childhood antecedents and adulthood psychological functioning, 282 participants were examined. The study was based on the ongoing Finnish Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development in which the same individuals have been followed from age 8 to mid-adulthood. Three groups were formed: On-Time Transitions (all transitions by age 27), Late Transitions (at least one transition after age 27), and Partial Transitions (not all transitions at age 42). Participants with all transitions (On-Time or Late) were socially more active in childhood than participants with partial transitions. Furthermore, participants with on-time transitions were more likely females, and participants with late transitions came more likely from high SES families than participants with partial transitions. Regarding psychological functioning, the participants with all transitions reported higher psychological well-being and self-esteem at ages 36 and 42, and higher life satisfaction at age 42 than participants with partial transitions. Furthermore, participants with on-time transitions showed higher life satisfaction at ages 27 and 36 than participants with late transitions, but by age 42 the difference leveled off.

Сопоставляются черты человеческого и творческого облика В. Г. Белинского и Н. В. Гоголя на основе их писем, произведений и воспоминаний современников о них. Делается вывод, что в их характерах, их творческих и жизненных судьбах есть много общих свойств, говорящих о глубоком психологическом сходстве этих людей и созвучии их творческих индивидуальностей. В большой степени схожими оказались и их роли в истории русской литературы, и их пути как проповедников гуманизма, несмотря на различие предлагаемых ими путей совершенствования российской действительности духовно-нравственного роста каждого человека (Гоголь) и социально-политических реформ (Белинский). ; Features of personal and artistic images of V. G. Belinsky and N. V. Gogol on the basis of their letters, works, and memoires of contemporaries are compared. The conclusion is that their characters, artistic and life destinies have may common points that give evidences of a deep psychological similarity of the men and accord of their creative individualities. Both their roles in the history of Russian literature and their routs as preachers of humanism to much extent were similar, though ways of improving of the Russian life that they offered differed spiritual and moral grouth of every man (Gogol) and social and political reforms (Belinsky).

One of the core contentions of the individualisation thesis is that the residents of contemporary Western nations are no longer willing or able to perceive the motors of their life paths as external, social forces such as 'class' or material resources and instead talk of internal, personal facets and motivations. This paper, grounded in a Bourdieusian understanding of class, engages with this prominent assertion through analysis of 55 life-history interviews with people from a mix of class positions. It reveals that though individualistic sentiments are present, the respondents were all too ready to cite various forms of capital as advantages or disadvantages as well, though the degree to which they were seen as 'external' or 'individualised' differed by class. Furthermore, when 'class' was brought explicitly into the frame it was generally seen as a playing a fundamental role in life's trajectory, but mainly through issues of interaction and (mis)recognition rather than deprivation and inequality. Insofar as individualistic schemes of perception and class thus intertwine these processes could be said to represent what Beck refers to as a 'both/and' situation, but since they are neither particularly new nor damaging to class analysis the individualisation thesis is put in doubt.

The moral discourse surrounding end-of-life (EoL) decisions is highly complex, and a comparison of Germany and Israel can highlight the impact of cultural factors. The comparison shows interesting differences in how patient's autonomy and doctor's duties are morally and legally related to each other with respect to the withholding and withdrawing of medical treatment in EoL situations. Taking the statements of two national expert ethics committees on EoL in Israel and Germany (and their legal outcome) as an example of this discourse, we describe the similarity of their recommendations and then focus on the differences, including the balancing of ethical principles, what is identified as a problem, what social role professionals play, and the influence of history and religion. The comparison seems to show that Israel is more restrictive in relation to Germany, in contrast with previous bioethical studies in the context of the moral and legal discourse regarding the beginning of life, in which Germany was characterized as far more restrictive. We reflect on the ambivalence of the cultural reasons for this difference and its expression in various dissenting views on passive euthanasia and advance directives, and conclude with a comment on the difficulty in classifying either stance as more or less restrictive.

Волгоградская область, как и вся Россия, находится на первоначальном этапе построения информационного общества. Успехи этого важнейшего направления зависят от совокупных усилий всех региональных факторов и субъектов процесса, реализации задач и направлений государственной информационной политики. Ее реализация на территории регионов позволит открыть новые возможности регулярного информирования населения органами государственной власти и местного самоуправления о политической, социально-экономической жизни. Разработка и совершенствование законодательства, правовых и организационных механизмов позволят эффективно регулировать взаимоотношения всех субъектов политической и общественной жизни при реализации их информационных прав и обязанностей. ; The Volgograd region, as well as all Russia, is at an initial stage of construction of an information society. Successes of this major direction depend on cumulative efforts of all regional factors and subjects of process, realisation of problems and directions of the state information policy. Its realisation in territory of the Volgograd region will allow to open new possibilities of regular informing of the population public authorities and local government about a political, social and economic life of region. Working out and perfection of the legislation, legal and organizational mechanisms will allow to regulate effectively mutual relations of all subjects of a political and public life at realisation of their information rights and duties.

A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by published works of the University of Bedfordshire ; This collection of published scholarly work concerns the growth and development of community radio and mobile telephony during the period 2000-2009, with reference to specific examples and case studies. The associated report examines the extent that the public are using these media to the benefit of individuals and communities and also suggests that the public have regained use of the electromagnetic spectrum through the use of community radio and mobile phones. The over arching hypothesis is that both community radio and mobile telephony are: • providing benefits to society, rangmg from improving daily life and avoiding inconveniences, to ameliorating critical or life-threatening situations and resisting oppression, • re-establishing rights of usage in the electromagnetic spectrum for ordinary members of the public which were surrendered to governmental authorities in the early years of spectrum experimentation, • using the electromagnetic spectrum as a tool for activism, political discussion, social engagement and exchange of information about matters of common interest, • worthy of research and examination to investigate how these two forms of communications media are impacting on the lives of individuals and society as a whole.

Becoming a parent and mother is 'the irreversible crossing of the boundary from being someone's (daughter) to becoming someone's mother' (Schmidt Neven 1996) and what we know of this transition for adopted women is still primarily anecdotal. Many women adopted during and after the 1970s in Victoria are still in the parenting life stage, and this paper describes the experiences of three of them. The women participated in qualitative, in-depth interviews that were part of a Master of Social Work research studyThis article primarily takes a life course approach in eliciting themes of normative family experiences, delay of identity consolidation until the time of childbearing, the impact of search, reunion and divided loyalties, and the negotiation of multiple family systems (adoptive, in-law and birth). The management of these complex phenomena have demanded a high level of skill and effort by these women as they cope with their own emotional reactions, continue to be responsive mothers and assist their children and partners to negotiate new, extended, family relationships.The study draws attention to and provides insight for practitioners in this hidden area of welfare and indicates the need for further research.