Suchergebnisse

This work exposes the need for a human rights-oriented public policy that promotes and strengthens community water management in rural areas of Colombia; an issue that has been neglected by the government and the neoliberal model of regulated economic freedom developed after Law 142 of 1994. For this purpose, a hermeneutic and analytical methodology was implemented in order to propose a series of categories that enable the historical and legal understanding of public, private and community management approaches to water resources. Results provide an overview of community water management and of the regulatory burden that community aqueducts must assume. This situation requires a structured state response focused on the recognition of the fundamental right to water access, the compliance of obligations stated in national and international legal instruments for ensuring human rights, and the assertion of rural and peasant communities as collective subjects of rights with a special bond with their territories and water resources, so they must be previously consulted for the design and implementation of such policy. ; El presente artículo expone la necesidad de una política pública en Colombia con enfoque de derechos humanos, que promueva y fortalezca la gestión comunitaria del agua en las zonas rurales del país, dado que esta se ha visto amenazada por el olvido gubernamental y el modelo neoliberal de libertad económica regulada desarrollado en la Ley 142 de 1994. Con este propósito se empleó una metodología hermenéutica y analítica, para la proposición de categorías que permitieran la comprensión histórica y jurídica de las formas de gestión pública, privada y comunitaria del recurso hídrico. Así, los resultados que se obtuvieron permitieron presentar un panorama sobre la gestión comunitaria del agua y la carga regulatoria que deben asumir los acueductos comunitarios en Colombia. Tema que demanda una respuesta estatal estructurada y centrada en el reconocimiento del derecho fundamental al agua, el cumplimiento de las obligaciones que se derivan de instrumentos jurídicos nacionales e internacionales de derechos humanos y la afirmación de las comunidades campesinas y rurales como sujetos colectivos de derechos que tienen una relación especial con el territorio y el recurso hídrico, por lo que deben ser consultados en el diseño e implementación de esta política pública.

This paper aims to point out the negative effect that democracy can have on the achievement of social goals, based on the stimulation of a certain type of human behavior. It is common knowledge that democracy is a civilizational creation that forces decision-making based on a majority vote. In addition, democracy is characterized by freedom of expression, where each individual has the right to express their own opinion. Although these two characteristics of democracy sound promising and logical at first, they do not always give good results in practice. Moreover, in some cases, a democratic approach to achieving social goals can yield extremely poor outcomes. On the basis of a virtual example, which represents a simulation of a real situation, it has been shown how this is theoretically and practically possible

As a successful third-wave democracy in East Asia, why did Taiwan's press freedom improve along with democratization in the 1990s but instead deteriorate after the second peaceful turnover of power in 2008 which symbolized democratic consolidation? Considering the liberal view in international relations, why did Taiwan's press freedom make significant improvements accompanying Taiwan's close economic connections with the US during the Cold War, only to become eroded when Taiwan recently developed deeper economic ties with China?This study offers a political economy explanation of the development and degradation of freedom of the press in Taiwan from 1949 through 2015 from both international and domestic perspectives. At the international level, it argues that a state's press freedom should improve or deteriorate, when it depends economically on a liberal or repressive hegemon. Material self-interest and norm diffusion are proposed as the causal mechanisms to connect economic dependence to the degree of press freedom. At the domestic level, the argument is that a state tends to have a low or high level of press freedom, when its government plays a more or less interventionist role in the market economy. State control and market co-optation are proposed as the mechanisms to establish the causal linkages between the state's economic role and the level of media freedom.With archival and interview data gathered in Taiwan, historical institutionalism has been adopted as the analytical approach and both multiple within-case comparisons and process tracing as the research methods to investigate the case of Taiwan. Filling the gaps within existing scholarship, the case study supports the proposed theory and implies that 1) state power is not the only threat to freedom of the press, but corporate organizations and market forces may also play a role in curtailing or circumscribing it, 2) cross-national economic connections do not always benefit domestic practice regarding human and civil rights, but may cause damage to it on occasions when relations of economic interdependence involve more powerful authoritarian countries, and 3) norms may not only diffuse from liberal contexts to repressive states, but repressive norms are also likely to diffuse from more powerful authoritarian countries to more liberal but politically and economically weaker countries via the mechanism of transnational corporations.Given the growing concerns about the potential impacts that China's economic rise might have on human rights and democracy around the world, this study especially deserves attention from democratic countries which have increasing economic linkages with China.

Ahmadiyya saga in Indonesia just like a never ending stories. Starting from the non-acceptance of them in society, violence and intimidation, pressure from Islamic organizations and the Indonesian Ulema Council. The government placed in the position of a dilemma. On one hand the government is required to protect its citizens in this regard Ahmadiyya followers are intimidated by a group or community that does not accept them, on the other hand the government must determine the manner in which the Government should disband and ban the Ahmadiyya. When the Ahmadiyya and other religious people defended using the excuse of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the UN Human Rights artificial precisely considered weak and unable to protect Palestinians from Israeli attacks. From here then comes the problem of where the followers of the Ahmadiyya to be able to put themselves in a society that does not accept them, Not an easy task to find the right solution for this case. Solutions that can be offered is to address these differences by looking at the cornerstone of our country Pancasila which has a single slogan Unity in Diversity. In that case author also concern about how the the government in maintaining security for Ahmadiyya followers whom a citizen of Indonesia as well? This is what will be studied in this paper.

On March 6th, 2018, Universidad de Valladolid(UVa) acquired the commitment with the European Commission to adopt the European Charter for Researchers and the Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers("Charter&Code"), documents that constitute the frame of reference at the European Union for an optimal management of research talent, defining in 40 principles the rights and obligations of researchers and the entities that hire them.UVa signs the "Declaration of Commitment" with the strong conviction to improve its human resourcespolicies and become a more attractive university for researchers. Withthis process,the University commits itself to supportthe initiative of the European Commission, whose aim is to promote actions aimed at consolidating and structuring a European research policy that fosters and improves the research career by creating an adequate European Research Area. The UVa follows these EU recommendations willing to implement an appropriate Human Resources Strategy for research ("HRS4R UVa")targeting themain objectives Steering Committee and Working Group On March 24, 2017, the Steering Committee is defined and constituted and the possible members of the HRS4R Working Group are outlined. Once the HRS4R Working Group is up and running, action planning begins. In the initial phase, when the Working Group met on April 18, 2017, the task was the distribution and analysis of the 4 main areasand the 40 principles of the Charter & Code. Parallel to this analysis carried out by the HRS4R Working Group and in order to complete the diagnosis of UVa with the perception of the researchers, a Survey aimed at researchers is elaborated. In accordance with the HRS4R strategy, the representative community of researchers ranging from R1 to R4 is consulted. According to the internal analysis carried out inthe UVa and the results of the survey, the University of Valladolid develops the Action Plan of its Human Resources strategy. The parameters used to prioritize the projects that the UVa must undertake have been carried out according to three criteria. The first was to determine the impact of the actions. Including as a priority those projects that when tackling them significantly impact on various improvement actions.The next criterion used was the capacity of the UVa to manage and implement the improvements. In this sense, priority has been given to those actions that can be easily and quickly implemented by the institution, especially since they do not require many resources and do not depend on external factors.Another prioritisation criterion wasthe analysis of the results of the survey aimed at researchers. The aspects that the UVa researcher considers should be improved in the internal procedures of the UVa have been identified. Once the prioritisation criteria have been established and agreed upon, the improvement projects have been planned and reflected in the Action Plan. Their implementation will require regular monitoring. This monitoring is agreed to be carried out by the members of the HRS4R Working Group. The group will be responsible for ensuring that the improvements proposed in the Action Plan are carried out, monitoring their evolution and taking appropriate corrective action if necessary. ; El 6 de marzo de 2018, la Universidad de Valladolid (UVa) adquirió el compromiso con la Comisión Europea de adoptar la Carta Europea del Investigador y el Código de Conducta para la Contratación de Investigadores ("Charter & Code"), documentos que constituyen el marco de referencia en la Unión Europea para una gestión óptima del talento investigador, definiendo en 40 principios los derechos y obligaciones de los investigadores y de las entidades que los contratan. UVa firma la "Declaración de Compromiso" con la firme convicción de mejorar sus políticas de recursos humanos y convertirse en una universidad más atractiva para los investigadores. Con este proceso, la Universidad se compromete a apoyar la iniciativa de la Comisión Europea, cuyo objetivo es impulsar acciones encaminadas a consolidar y estructurar una política europea de investigación que fomente y mejore la carrera investigadora mediante la creación de un Espacio Europeo de Investigación adecuado. La UVa sigue estas recomendaciones de la UE dispuesta a implementar una Estrategia de Recursos Humanos adecuada para la investigación ("HRS4R UVa") dirigida a los principales objetivos. El 24 de marzo de 2017 se define y constituye el "Steering commite" Comité de Dirección y se perfilan los posibles miembros del Grupo de Trabajo HRS4R. El Vicerrectorado de Investigación contacta con los servicios susceptibles de integrar el Grupo de Trabajo con el fin de tener la máxima representación de los miembros de la comunidad universitaria en el proceso de trabajo. Una vez que el Grupo de Trabajo HRS4R está en funcionamiento, comienza la planificación de acciones. En la fase inicial, cuando el Grupo de Trabajo se reunió el 18 de abril de 2017, la tarea fue la distribución y análisis de las 4 áreas principales y los 40 principios de la Carta y el Código. Paralelamente a este análisis realizado por el Grupo de Trabajo HRS4R y con el fin de completar el diagnóstico de UVa con la percepción de los investigadores, se elabora una Encuesta dirigida a investigadores. De acuerdo con la estrategia HRS4R, se consulta a la comunidad representativa de investigadores de R1 a R4. Según el análisis interno realizado en la UVa y los resultados de la encuesta, la Universidad de Valladolid desarrolla el Plan de Actuación de su estrategia de Recursos Humanos. Los parámetros utilizados para priorizar los proyectos que debe acometer la UVa se han llevado a cabo según tres criterios. El primero fue determinar el impacto de las acciones. Incluyendo como prioridad aquellos proyectos que al abordarlos impactan significativamente en diversas acciones de mejora. El siguiente criterio utilizado fue la capacidad de la UVa para gestionar e implementar las mejoras. En este sentido, se ha priorizado aquellas acciones que pueden ser implementadas de manera fácil y rápida por parte de la institución, sobre todo porque no requieren muchos recursos y no dependen de factores externos. Otro criterio de priorización fue el análisis de los resultados de la encuesta dirigida. a los investigadores. Se han identificado los aspectos que el investigador de la UVa considera que deben mejorarse en los procedimientos internos de la UVa. Una vez establecidos y consensuados los criterios de priorización, los proyectos de mejora se han planificado y reflejado en el Plan de Acción. Su implementación requerirá un seguimiento regular. Se acuerda que este seguimiento sea realizado por los miembros del Grupo de Trabajo HRS4R. El grupo será el responsable de velar por que se lleven a cabo las mejoras propuestas en el Plan de Actuación, haciendo un seguimiento de su evolución y tomando las acciones correctoras oportunas si es necesario. ; Template 1: Human Resources Strategy for Researchers (HRS4R)

This article is prepared for the implementing of the project of Science Council of Lithuania "Guidelines for Citizen and Consumer Perception of Socio-Economic Justice- Making," and the problem of the protection of the final consumer of the product is analysed. Lithuania has borders with economic areas (countries) that have different excise and pricing policies. It is a favourable environment for contraband and counterfeiting, negatively affecting public safety and security as well as the economy. Intellectual property (IP), as a product of human creativity, is protected by law and by other means. Trademarks (TM) and other commercial brands (CB) are specific objects of industrial property. They are also an extremely important way of fighting for leadership in the market and to protect the market from counterfeits. A few decades ago, IPR infringements were mostly harmful to the internal markets. Nowadays it is mostly harmful to international trade and its development. The problem is that we cannot overcome challenges of modern times by using traditional methods. The problems in this article are based on statistics, analysis of practical experience, there is also promotion to search for new models of management. One of these is the cooperation of state, business and civil society in coordination of this activity; the guidelines of the socially oriented model are presented. ; Straipsnis parengtas įgyvendinant Lietuvos mokslo tarybos projektą "Piliečių ir vartotojų socialinio ekonominio teisingumo suvokimo formavimo gairės". Nagrinėjama viena iš socialinio teisingumo suvokimo problemų – kaip užtikrinti galutinio produkto vartotojo saugą, prekės ženklo patikimumą. Lietuva ribojasi su valstybių, turinčių skirtingą akcizų, muitų, prekių ir kitų produktų kainų politiką, ekonomine erdve. Tai palanki terpė kilti kontrabandos ir falsifikuotų prekių tiekimo grėsmei, neigiamai veikiančiai visuomenės saugą ir saugumą, taip pat ekonomiką bei verslą, iškreipiančiai teisinės demokratinės visuomenės bendrabūvio principus, moralines nuostatas. Intelektinė nuosavybė, kaip žmogaus kūrybinės veiklos produktas, yra saugoma teisinėmis ir kitomis priemonėmis. Prekių ir kiti komerciniai ženklai yra specifiniai pramoninės nuosavybės objektai. Straipsnyje atskleidžiama, kad jie yra itin reikšmingas būdas, arba priemonė, kovojant dėl pirmavimo rinkoje bei apsaugant rinką nuo klastočių. Prieš porą dešimtmečių INT pažeidimai daugiausia žalos darė vidaus rinkoms. Šiuo metu vis daugiau grėsmių kelia tarptautinei prekybai, jos raidai. Statistikos duomenų analizės pagrindu straipsnyje pristatoma sulaikomų klastočių dinamika. Pažymėtina, kad grafikas, vaizduojantis prekių sulaikymą vienetais, rodo mažėjimo tendencijas. Tai atskleidžia naujas prekių ženklų pažeidimų tendencijas – sparčiai daugėja mažų krovinių (elektroninė prekyba, pašto paslaugos ir pan.) gabenimo srityje. Atkreipiamas skaitytojo dėmesys į tai, kad mūsų laikmečio grėsmių rinkos saugumui neįmanoma įveikti tradiciniais socialinio bendrabūvio reguliavimo metodais.

Lively debates around property, access to resources, legal rights, and the protection of livelihoods have unfolded in Vietnam since the economic reforms of 1986. Known as Doi Moi (changing to the new), these have gradually transformed the country from a socialist state to a society in which a communist party presides over a neoliberal economy. By exploring the complex relationship between property, the state, society, and the market, this book demonstrates how both developmental issues and state-society relations in Vietnam can be explored through the prism of propert.

The conceptual bases of this thesis include the philosophical constructs of Just War Theory, limited government, and natural rights as applied to foreign policy. Just War Theory was originally articulated by St. Augustine and represents the requirements a nation must satisfy to wage war justly. Building upon the basis of Just War Theory, I then split the discussion into two main categories. The first is a historical look at certain American thinkers and their reactions to what they saw as unjust wars based in their strong idealistic goals for humanity. The second is a critical examination of American foreign policy based upon the analytical model arising from these American thinkers. The thesis concludes with an examination of contemporary applications of this analysis with an examination of recent wars that have taken place in the Middle East and an assessment of their just or unjust nature. My historical research examines the arguments of Thomas Paine, Emma Goldman, Henry David Thoreau, and Martin Luther King, Jr. I will review each thinker to highlight their criticisms of the unjust wars in which America has been involved from the 18th Century to the 21st Century. A secondary goal of this research is to trace a pattern of idealistic thinking that is present in American Revolutionary thought. These ideals refer to notions of natural rights, social liberty, economic freedom, and the constant pursuit of justice. By using the established arguments put forth by these four American thinkers, I argue that another unjust war will only bring misery to America and any other nation involved. iii Finally, my contemporary research develops the CIA term "blowback" and its effect on American foreign policy. By applying the theory of blowback to the current military disputes in which the United States has been or could be involved, I attempt to persuade the reader to resist the notion of engaging in another war. Historically unjust wars have never improved the standard of living for the American citizen and have served to suppress the inherent natural rights of the human beings involved. In conclusion, I combine contemporary and historical arguments to highlight the continuing stream of injustice that exists in American foreign policy. ; 2012-05-01 ; B.A. ; Arts and Humanities, Dept. of Philosophy ; Bachelors ; This record was generated from author submitted information.