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When the Allies went to war for Gulf oil in 1991, they cloaked their intervention in the language of human rights. Today, they and the region have forgotten how to speak the words

Describes the UN Truth Commission's investigation into the conduct of US foreign policy in El Salvador. It identified those responsible for human rights abuses, and recommended legal, political and administrative correctives.

210The individual in international law — In general — Human rights and freedoms —, Freedom of expression — Mauritius Constitution, Section 12(1) — Whether law creating offence of sedition inconsistent with Constitution — The law of Mauritius

This article makes known the theory of revocation of the mandate of the member of the Congress of the Republic of Peru; Since in many countries of the continent and of the world, this democratic institution of revocation of elected authorities of national character, is not instituted in its constitutions, however in the face of the crisis of representative democracy, it is important to analyze and even find the viability of the legal figure of revocation of the parliamentary mandate, via reform of article 90 of the Political Constitution of Peru, in the sense that the mandate of the Congressman is revocable; and once the constitutional reform has been carried out, the procedure of revocation of the Parliamentarian, must be adapted to the procedures of the revocation of the regional and local governments, foreseen in Law No. 23600. For the present investigation we turn to the qualitative methodology, that is to say It was analytical, descriptive and explanatory of legal-democratic theories and institutions that allow identifying the characteristics and interpretation of the scope of the sovereignty of the people, recognized by international human rights regulations that the Peruvian State is part of said treaties. ; Mediante el presente artículo se hace conocer la teoría de revocatoria del mandato del miembro del Congreso de la República del Perú; por cuanto en muchos países del continente y del mundo, dicha institución democrática de revocatoria de autoridades elegidas de carácter nacional, no está instituida en sus constituciones, sin embargo frente a la crisis de la democracia representativa, es importante analizar e incluso hallar la viabilidad de la figura jurídica de revocatoria del mandato parlamentario, vía reforma del artículo 90° de la Constitución Política del Perú, en el sentido de que el mandato del Congresista es revocable; y una vez efectuada la reforma constitucional, el procedimiento de revocatoria del Parlamentario, debe adecuarse a los procedimientos de la revocatoria de los gobiernos ...

The approach regarding the possibility of doing news stories which will contribute to human rights, democracy, equality and peace has created a new journalism and news producing style which is different than traditional news coverage. This new manner of news producing has been referencing the power of the media in building the daily agenda, creating the representation of the minorities and ethnicities and in their power in finding solution to the social and political conflicts. Therefore this new process of news production has been named as reporting of rights, citizen and public journalism and peace journalism. In this regard the new mode of news reporting has focused on the discriminations, impartiality and has endeavoured to cover those who are not represented in the mainstream media well enough such as minorities and those who are ignored by the media although their rights are violated and who are usually are subject of socio-political pressures. In this regard my paper aims to examine the connection between news discourse of Turkish journalism and the representation of human rights and democratisation in Turkey on the basis of Kurdish Issue and the power of news production in managing the conflicts in Turkey.

[eng] The present thesis deals with the immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers' right to family life. It approaches the right to family life as a right that is wider than family reunification and includes cases of expulsion of foreigners who have family ties in the host country, as well as regularization issues. The present dissertation examines the foreigners' right to family life from an international human rights law perspective, from an EU law perspective but also includes a comparative study of the legislation of three EU Member States, namely Spain, Greece and Germany. The main research question concerns the impact that the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty and the enhancement of fundamental right in Europe should have on family life related legislation at EU and national level. Not least, the present study aims at assessing the effect and effectiveness of the EU Directives approximately ten years after the deadline for their implementation and focuses on the case law of International, EU and national courts. It concludes that the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty and the fact that the ECFR has gained the same legal values as the Treaty directly affects the Directives which relate to family life and, consequently, the domestic legislations of the Member States which participate in the present study. That being said, the dissertation reaches the conclusion that the applicable family reunification regimes follow a strictly 'formal' model which is not compatible with the new fundamental rights scene, as it is formed at EU level. It proposes a new reunification model which will be more 'substantial' and will be based on an individual assessment of each application both as regards the family members who may qualify as such, and with respect to the requirements that are imposed for the exercise of the right to family reunification. ; [cat] La present tesi tracta sobre el dret a la vida familiar dels immigrants, refugiats i sol·licitants d'asil. El dret a la vida familiar s'aborda com un dret més ampli que el reagrupament familiar i inclou casos d'expulsió d'estrangers que tenen vincles familiars al país d'acollida, així com casos de regularització. La tesi analitza el dret a la vida familiar dels estrangers des de la perspectiva del dret internacional de drets humans, i de la perspectiva de la legislació comunitària, però també inclou un estudi comparatiu de la legislació nacional de tres estats membres de la UE, Espanya, Grècia i Alemanya. La principal pregunta de recerca de la tesi es refereix a l'impacte que l'adopció del Tractat de Lisboa i l'ampliació dels drets fonamentals a Europa han de tenir en la legislació relacionada amb la vida familiar a nivell comunitari i nacional. A més a més, la tesi té com a objectiu avaluar l'efecte i l'eficàcia de les directives de la UE aproximadament deu anys després de la data límit per a la seva transposició i es centra en la jurisprudència dels tribunals internacionals, comunitaris i nacionals. La present tesi conclou que l'adopció del Tractat de Lisboa i el fet que la Carta Europea dels Drets Fonamentals hagi guanyat el mateix valor jurídic que el Tractat afecta directament a les directives que es refereixen a la vida familiar i, en conseqüència, a les legislacions nacionals dels Estats membres que participen a l'estudi. Dit això, la tesi arriba a la conclusió que els règims aplicables de reagrupament familiar segueixen un model estrictament "formal" que no és compatible amb la nova escena dels drets fonamentals a nivell comunitari. Es proposa un nou model de reagrupació familiar que serà més "substancial" i es basarà en una avaluació individual de cada sol·licitud, tant pel que fa als membres de la família que poden qualificar com a tal, com pel que fa als requisits que s'imposen per a l'exercici del dret al reagrupament familiar.

Today's world is characterized by digital memory as a categorical principle and oblivion only as the anomalous default. This calls into question the principle that human dignity is the foundation and highest value of any democratic and constitutional order, guaranteeing the right of every person to freely define their identity and life plan. Fundamental rights, arranged under the umbrella of human dignity and freedom, require a certain power of control, a sort of autonomous and informational self-determination, especially in the context of information and digital technologies. The European stance has been to regulate the so-called right to be forgotten as a personal data control guarantee given the automatic profiling, compilation and decontextualized presentation that NICTs generate and make universally-accessible in the online world. Inresponse to the criticism that the European and Spanish regulation (2016 and 2018) have received, this article analyses, from a fundamental rights-based approach, the rationale behind the need for this mechanism to protect human dignity against the harmful resurrection that an instant click and a digitalonline memory produce. ; Nuestro mundo digital, basado en el recuerdo como principio categórico y elolvido como defecto anómalo, pone en tela de juicio el principio de que la dignidad humana es el fundamento y el valor superior de todo orden democráticoy constitucional, garantizando el derecho de toda persona a definir librementesu identidad y proyecto de vida. En tiempos digitales, los derechos más personalísimos,dispuestos bajo el paraguas de la dignidad y la libertad, requierenun cierto poder de control, una autodeterminación y autonomía informativas. La postura europea ha sido regular el conocido derecho al olvido ante la elaboraciónautomática de perfiles, la compilación y la presentación descontextualizada que las NTIC generan y hacen universalmente accesible en el mundo enlínea. Debido a las críticas de su regulación europea y española (2016-2018), elpresente artículo analiza, desde un enfoque basado en los derechos fundamentales,la justificación ontológica de este mecanismo de control, para protegerla dignidad humana contra la resurrección perjudicial que producen un clic instantáneo y una memoria digital.

В статті охарактеризовано особливості механізмів реалізації свободи у працях мислителів Нового часу. Мета наукової розвідки – дослідити особливості формування ідеї свободи в онтологічному аспекті (як свободи в системі суспільних відносин).Робиться висновок про те, що свобода в добу Нового часу постає як опосередкована пізнавальною діяльністю людини і реалізується в двох основних аспектах: логіко­гносеологічному і практичному. Саме в Новий час розкрито низку видів співвідношення свободи і необхідності, а спроби їх систематизації не втрачають свого значення і донині.Природу соціального та політичного мислителі Нового часу пояснювали виходячи з теорії суспільного договору та природних прав людини, до яких належала і свобода. Концепції суспільного договору у мислителів різнилися між собою, але головна ідея у них була спільною: з природного стану в результаті договору між людьми виникає держава, головна мета якої захист природних прав людини. Мислителями був також розроблений і механізм побудови держави: система розподілу влад (Ш. Монтеск'є, Дж. Локк), теорія правової держави (І. Кант), концепт громадянського суспільства (Г. Гегель) тощо.Середовищем соціального буття свободи, відповідно до теорій мислителів Нового часу, є громадянське суспільство, концепт якого також розроблено у цей період. ; В статті охарактеризовано особливості механізмів реалізації свободи у працях мислителів Нового часу. Мета наукової розвідки – дослідити особливості формування ідеї свободи в онтологічному аспекті (як свободи в системі суспільних відносин).Робиться висновок про те, що свобода в добу Нового часу постає як опосередкована пізнавальною діяльністю людини і реалізується в двох основних аспектах: логіко­гносеологічному і практичному. Саме в Новий час розкрито низку видів співвідношення свободи і необхідності, а спроби їх систематизації не втрачають свого значення і донині.Природу соціального та політичного мислителі Нового часу пояснювали виходячи з теорії суспільного договору та природних прав людини, до яких належала і свобода. Концепції суспільного договору у мислителів різнилися між собою, але головна ідея у них була спільною: з природного стану в результаті договору між людьми виникає держава, головна мета якої захист природних прав людини. Мислителями був також розроблений і механізм побудови держави: система розподілу влад (Ш. Монтеск'є, Дж. Локк), теорія правової держави (І. Кант), концепт громадянського суспільства (Г. Гегель) тощо.Середовищем соціального буття свободи, відповідно до теорій мислителів Нового часу, є громадянське суспільство, концепт якого також розроблено у цей період. ; The author of the article has characterised the specificity of the mechanisms of freedom realization in the works of modern times thinkers. The purpose of scientific exploration is to explore the features of the formation of freedom idea in the ontological aspect (as freedom in social relations system).The author has concluded that freedom in the age of modern times appears to be mediated by human cognitive activity and is implemented in two main aspects: logical­epistemological and practical. It is in modern times when different types of relationship between freedom and necessity have been revealed, and attempts to systematize them do not lose its significance nowadays.The nature of social and political the thinkers of modern times have explained with the basis of the theory of social contract and natural rights including the freedom. The concepts of social contract of the thinkers differed among themselves, but the main idea they had in common is: from the natural state as a result of agreement there appears the state between the humans, the main aim of which is to protect the natural rights. The thinker have also developed the mechanism of nation­building: the system of powers distribution (C.Montesquieu, John Locke), the theory of law (Kant), the concept of civil society (G.Hegel) and others.The environment of social life of freedom, according to the theories of thinkers of modern times, is the civil society, the concept which has also been developed in this period.

This volume is a story about inequality, its many forms and far reaching consequences, and unconventional efforts to challenge it. The book expands our understanding of inequality by making sense of the often tense and violent relationships among humans, ecosystems, and nonhuman animal species. It considers how radical environmental and animal rights movements challenge these socio-ecological inequalities through a vision they call total liberation

This essay explores Randolph's biographies, writings, and speeches in order to illustrate some of the proverbs and proverbial language that A. Philip Randolph used throughout the Labor and Civil Rights eras. There is no doubt that proverbs and proverbial sayings had a profound influence on Randolph's life and rhetoric. He used them frequently and effectively in a number of different ways including: during court proceedings, in his many speeches and writings, and in his Messenger magazine which he published with Chandler Owen from 1917 to 1928. Randolph used proverbs from the Bible, important political figures, and also famous literary figures. He also created some proverbs himself. Examining these different areas illustrates that Randolph was fully aware of the political influence that proverbs often have and he sought to utilize this authority whenever necessary.

Introduction: from non-sense to common-sense in a generation -- Imagining generations and social change -- Contesting homosexuality's imagination, 1945-2015 -- The evolution of public opinion about gay marriage -- Young and old in the cross-fire of the culture wars -- The imagination and attribution of homosexuality -- The imaginary marriage consensus -- Narratives of attitude change and resistance -- Conclusion: moving beyond generational mythology.

Twenty years after the demise of communist policy, this book evaluates the continuing communist legacies in the current minority protection systems and legislations across a number of states in post-communist Europe. The fall of communism and the process of democratisation across post-communist Europe led to considerable change in minority protection with new systems and national political institutions either developed or copied. In general, the new institutions reflected the practices and experiences of (western) European states and were installed upon advice from European sec.