Suchergebnisse

A review essay on books by: (1)Sue Onslow (Ed.), Cold War in Southern Africa: White Power, Black Liberation (London: Routledge, 2009); (2)Sally Peberdy, Selecting immigrants: National identity and South Africa's immigration policies, 1910-2008 (Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 2009); and (3)Jonathan Crush and Bruce Frayne (Eds.), Surviving on the move: Migration, poverty and development in southern Africa (Cape Town: IDASA, 2010).

Considers what consequences globalization might have for different forms of citizen participation & protest mobilization & describes the main focus of lectures in three workshops on questions of migration, the politics of nongovernmental organizations, & the development of citizen participation with regard to globalization. Despite increasing social polarization & unequal political rights regarding participation, there does seem to be an increase in democratic participation at the local level. E. Sanchez

"Das zwischenstaatliche Komitee für Wanderungsfragen (ICM) Intergovernmental Committee for Migration) in Genf hat in der Woche vom 13. bis 16. September 1988 sein 8. Seminar über Wanderungsfragen veranstaltet. Es behandelt in drei Arbeitsgruppen auf der Basis von vorher vorgelegten Expertenpapieren die drei Themenbereiche: Einfluß der Wanderungen auf die Gesellschaftstrukturen der Herkunftsländer, Einfluß der Wanderungen auf die Gesellschaftsstrukturen der Empfängerländer sowie Einfluß der Wanderungen auf die Familienstruktur. Aus deutscher Sicht besonders interessant war die Erörterung in der zweiten Arbeitsgruppe, die sich mit den sozialen Auswirkungen der Wanderungen seit Mitte der 50er Jahre auf die Annahmeländer befaßte. Die in dieser Arbeitsgruppe behandelten Fragen und die Schlußfolgerungen sollen hier aufgezeigt werden." (Autorenreferat)

Abstract: The migration of young Zapatistas to the United States as a geographic, political and subjective displacementThis article analyses how some young Zapa-tistas become international migrants that are put into global circuits of work under a capi-talist regime of flexible accumulation. It is argued that the migration of these young people represents a geographical, political and subjective displacement in which not only are they transported thousands of kilo-metres away from their towns, but they also experience a change in their subjectivities, their future perspectives and their life-time ambitions in comparison to previous genera-tions. It is shown that the migratory experi-ence of young Zapatistas is marked by ten-sion between periods of being practically unable to move to certain markets of work and certain geographic regions – particularly in agricultural California – and periods when, in contrast, they cannot establish themselves for any length of time in the same place, or continue in the same niche of work. In other words, their experiences have oscillated between periods in which they become a 'captive work force' that cannot move freely and periods when, in contrast, they become 'labour nomads' obligated to constant displacement and the impossibility of establishing themselves in the same place. These two situations are produced by the control over their 'illegalization' and represent the flip sides of the same coin. These two sides have as a consequence the extraction of cheap and hardworking labour; on the one hand they are prevented from moving, and on the other, from staying.Resumen:Este artículo analiza cómo algunos jóvenes zapatistas se convierten en migrantes inter-nacionales insertos en circuitos globales de trabajo bajo un régimen capitalista de acu-mulación flexible. Se argumenta que la mi-gración de estos jóvenes representa un des-plazamiento geográfico, político y subjetivo, ya que ellos no sólo se trasladan a miles de kilómetros de sus pueblos, sino que experi-mentan un cambio en sus subjetividades, sus perspectivas futuras y sus proyectos de vida, con respecto a la generación anterior. Se muestra también que la experiencia migrato-ria de los jóvenes zapatistas está marcada por la tensión entre momentos en que les resultaba prácticamente imposible moverse de ciertos mercados de trabajo y de ciertas regiones geográficas – particularmente la agricultura californiana –, y periodos en que, por el contrario, no logran establecerse por mucho tiempo en el mismo sitio, ni mante-nerse en el mismo nicho laboral. En otras palabras, su experiencia ha oscilado entre periodos en que devienen una 'fuerza de trabajo cautiva' que no puede desplazarse libremente y momentos en que, por el con-trario, se transforman en 'nómadas labora-les' obligados al permanente desplazamiento y a la imposibilidad de establecerse en un mismo lugar. Estas dos situaciones son pro-ducto del control de su libre circulación mediante su 'ilegalización' y representan las caras opuestas de la misma moneda, pues las dos tienen como consecuencia la extracción de trabajo barato y bien disciplinado; sólo que en un caso esto se consigue impidiendo su movilidad y, en el otro, su establecimiento.

Es gibt einen grundlegenden Antagonismus zwischen den exklusiven Normen des europäischen Nationalstaats und den viel weitergehenden Normen der universellen Menschenrechte, ein Antagonismus, der so alt ist wie die europäischen Gesellschaften der Moderne selbst. Beispielhaft wird dies in der Frage der transnationalen Migration, vor allem aber der politischen Flüchtlinge deutlich. Der Verfasser fragt nach systemspezifischen Umgangsweisen mit diesem Problem in den beiden deutschen Staaten zur Zeit des Kalten Krieges und im Lichte der Katastrophe des Nationalsozialismus. (ICEÜbers)

With attention to the transnational dance world of salsa, this book explores the circulation of people, imaginaries, dance movements, conventions and affects from a transnational perspective. Through interviews and ethnographic, multi-sited research in Havana and several European cities, the author draws on the notion of 'entangled mobilities' to show how the intimate gendered and ethnicized moves on the dance floor relate to the cross-border mobility of salsa dance professionals and their students. A combination of research on migration and mobility with studies of music and dance, Entangled Mobilities in the Transnational Salsa Circuit contributes to the fields of transnationalism, mobility and dance studies, thus providing a deeper theoretical and empirical understanding of gendered and racialized transnational phenomena. As such it will appeal to scholars across the social sciences with interests in migration, cultural studies and gender studies.

How were Moroccan workers utilised to close coal mines in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais ? This thesis answers this question by studying the economic history of coal mining in France, and migration policies. Such a historical sociology of migrations sees migration policies from the point of view of a firm -- and not of a state --, and of the agents who contributed to the recruitment, management and control of these migrant workers. As coal pits were being closed one by one, understanding the role of Moroccan workers requires to analyse both their professional trajectories and the slow historical process of disappearing of coal miners. Colonial context also weights heavily, raising the issues of the relationships between state institutions and companies on each shore of the Mediterranean Sea, and of the modalities of importation of racialist ideals and of practices of population management and control.This research is defined at the crossing of an economic sociology of the firm and of state regulation of an economic sector, and a historical sociology of work, migration policies and the working class. In order to understand the way a big company implemented, on the long run, a recruitment policy of immigrant workers, one needs to analyse the transformations of productive systems, the evolutions of the firm's workforce policy, and the individual trajectories of a segmented and hierarchised professional group. Sources are constituted of archives of the Houillères de Nord-Pas-de-Calais and of Charbonnages de France, of archives of the governments coal policies, of writings and debates amongst a small group of engineers-economists (Corps des Mines) who contributed to the piloting of coal recession, and of carreer files of mine workers. Two types of quantification are implemented: from the firm's administrative and workforce policy, and from a sample of 400 career files (200 Moroccans, 200 non Moroccans). From the nationalisation of the whole mining sector to the closing of the last pit in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais, this history ...

How were Moroccan workers utilised to close coal mines in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais ? This thesis answers this question by studying the economic history of coal mining in France, and migration policies. Such a historical sociology of migrations sees migration policies from the point of view of a firm -- and not of a state --, and of the agents who contributed to the recruitment, management and control of these migrant workers. As coal pits were being closed one by one, understanding the role of Moroccan workers requires to analyse both their professional trajectories and the slow historical process of disappearing of coal miners. Colonial context also weights heavily, raising the issues of the relationships between state institutions and companies on each shore of the Mediterranean Sea, and of the modalities of importation of racialist ideals and of practices of population management and control.This research is defined at the crossing of an economic sociology of the firm and of state regulation of an economic sector, and a historical sociology of work, migration policies and the working class. In order to understand the way a big company implemented, on the long run, a recruitment policy of immigrant workers, one needs to analyse the transformations of productive systems, the evolutions of the firm's workforce policy, and the individual trajectories of a segmented and hierarchised professional group. Sources are constituted of archives of the Houillères de Nord-Pas-de-Calais and of Charbonnages de France, of archives of the governments coal policies, of writings and debates amongst a small group of engineers-economists (Corps des Mines) who contributed to the piloting of coal recession, and of carreer files of mine workers. Two types of quantification are implemented: from the firm's administrative and workforce policy, and from a sample of 400 career files (200 Moroccans, 200 non Moroccans). From the nationalisation of the whole mining sector to the closing of the last pit in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais, this history ...

In this interview with Nerina Boursinou and Pierre Monforte, Phevos Simeonidis—cofounder of the Disinfaux Collective—reflects on the role of civil society organizations in the field of refugee support in Greece, in particular through the focus on their relations with public authorities. The interview provides an account of the changing environment in the field of migration and the diversity of the organizations working to support refugees in Greece, while it highlights such organizations' ambivalent relations with public authorities. Moreover, the interview discusses the impact of the measures taken by the Greek government(s) to control or repress the activities of civil society organizations in recent years, including their criminalization. Finally, it makes reference to the complex ethics that accompany migration research and support practices, especially in relation to the collective's operation and decision-making processes. ; Publisher PDF ; Peer reviewed

Migration decisions affect those left-behind in ways that are partly taken into account by market forces (e.g., wage effects on labour markets) and for the most part these can be seen as pure externalities. Diasporas are an example of such an externality. This paper reviews the recent economic literature on diaspora networks and development from the perspective of the global South. It is split into two parts: a first section reviews the effect of diaspora networks on trade, foreign investments, and the diffusion of knowledge as well as technology across borders. A second section looks at the cultural sway of the diaspora, investigating on a macro-level the role of migration in cultural convergence across countries and on a micro-level the impact of emigrants in the formation of political attitudes, fertility behaviour, and other aspects of culture.

Euro-Mediterranean Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM) ; For several decades migration and the development nexus were central to both development and migration studies. Yet these studies, by and large, maintained rigid boundaries between different forms of migratory flows, between the origins and destinations, permanent or temporary, of these flows. But beyond the limited notion of brain drain and gain, new conceptual tools emerged so as to take into account non-financial remittances (ideational; entrepreneurships; social norms) and the loss of intellectuals or organic intellectuals a la Gramsci. While the need to transcend disciplinary boundaries was often emphasized, such a transition did not translate into an effective trans-disciplinary conceptual framework. This paper asserts that both development and migratory theories are, in fact, facing a paradigm shift in the synergies between various forms of population flows and development. This paper further asserts that there are very few meaningful conceptual differences between various forms of migratory flows: regular vs irregular; within the boundaries of the nation state or outside of it; conflict-driven or non-conflict flows.etc. Except for immediate forms and their impact, all different migratory flows produce new political and socio-economic terrains. It is within these new terrains that the transformative potential lies. The post migration political socio-economic terrains in post sending and receiving countries and the kind of transformative potential triggered by such migratory flows are regularly neglected. The paper also suggests that migration-development synergies are not readily available, and much depends on identifying, cultivating and harnessing such transformative potential. The paper concludes that such policy packages include a wide range of issues related to the reproduction of human capital, its skills and quality, and to maximising the potential of different forms of migratory flows. Résumé Le lien entre la migration et le développement occupe une place centrale dans la littérature scientifique depuis plusieurs décennies. Toutefois, l'écrasante majorité des travaux existants ont maintenu des frontières difficilement pénétrables entre les différents types de flux migratoires, mais aussi entre les différents sites de départ comme de destination concernés par ces flux de façon temporaire ou permanente. Par ailleurs, au-delà des notions de brain drain et brain gain, à l'utilité limitée, de nouveaux outils conceptuels ont fait leur apparition afin de rendre compte de l'importance des transferts d'ordre non financier (idéationnels, de compétences entreprenariales, de normes sociales,) et des effets néfastes de la perte d'intellectuels – ce que Gramsci a appelé « l'intellectuel organique ». Le besoin sans cesse réitéré de transcender les frontières entre les disciplines n'a pas donné lieu à un cadre conceptuel permettant véritablement de naviguer entre les nombreux compartiments de la littérature. Cet article vise à montrer qu'un changement de paradigme est nécessaire afin de mieux rendre compte de la relation intime entre les différentes formes de flux de population et le développement. Cet article montre également que les différences conceptuelles entre les formes de flux migratoires sont moins importantes que ne le suggère la littérature existante. Qu'ils s'agissent de migrations irrégulières ou régulières, internes ou internationales, générées ou non par des conflits, etc., elles ont en commun de conduire à l'émergence de nouveaux terrains socio-économiques et politiques. Les questions portant sur la nature de ces terrains résultant de la migration dans les pays d'origine comme de destination, et sur leur potentiel transformatif, n'ont à ce jour pas été traitées de façon suffisamment approfondie. Toutefois, les nombreuses synergies envisageables entre la migration et le développement n'ont pas non plus été clairement identifiées. Il est donc indispensable dans un premier temps de mieux cerner leur potentiel transformatif. Cet article conclut que les politiques publiques doivent adresser plusieurs défis simultanément, et avoir pour objectifs la reproduction du capital humain, ainsi que la maximisation des bénéfices potentiels des différentes formes de flux migratoires.

This paper will focus on the xinyimin in Indonesia, an undertaking that forms part of my larger project on Chinese migration in Southeast Asia. There have been copious descriptions of the diverse nature of Chinese migration into the region, but statistics have been less forthcoming both as a result of the sensitive nature of the subject and the uneven data collection of country-level surveys. However, from scattered information that is available, it is still possible for us to gain a rough picture of the xinyimin in Southeast Asia and to understand their activities (see Table 1). To a limited extent, their impact on the local socioeconomic and political scene can also be assessed.

Colombia has made major economic and social advances in recent years. The combination of strong economic growth and policies targeted at the most vulnerable groups improved considerably the living standards of the Colombian population. Today, the country enjoys higher employment and labour force participation rates than the average of OECD countries and unemployment is steadily declining. Nevertheless, despite these positive trends, deep structural problems remain. Labour informality is widespread, the rate of self-employment is high and many employees have non-regular contracts. Income inequality is higher than in any OECD country and redistribution through taxes and benefits is almost negligible. In addition, half a century of internal conflict and violence has displaced a significant part of the population, and many of them are living in extreme poverty. Despite considerable progress, violence continues to be a challenge and also affects trade union members and leaders. The Colombian Government has undertaken important reforms in recent years to address these labour market and social challenges, and the efforts are gradually paying off. However, further progress is needed to enhance the quality of jobs and well-being for all. The main trust of this report is to support the Colombian Government in tackling labour market duality, generate trust between the social partners, develop inclusive and active social policies, and get the most out of international migration.

Este artículo reflexiona sobre el ejercicio de la ciudadanía como consecuencia de la migración internacional, aplicado al caso de los latinoamericanos residentes en Portugal. Para ello adoptamos el concepto de ciudadanía transnacional por su maleabilidad, ya que permite considerar la perspectiva conjunta de los países de origen y de destino, así como también la influencia de las relaciones binacionales e internacionales. Nos preguntamos cómo se ejerce la ciudadanía transnacional en los espacios iberoamericano, europeo comunitario y, concretamente, portugués, y si la crisis económica que afecta a Europa y, en particular, a Portugal ha tenido alguna influencia en la forma de ejercer la ciudadanía transnacional. Para ello se analizan los casos particulares de los argentinos, brasileños y uruguayos en este país. ; This article is a reflection upon the exercising of transnational citizenship as a consequence of international migration, applied to Latin Americans resident in Portugal. In order to do this we have adopted the concept of transnational citizenship, as its malleability allows us to consider the whole concept of countries of origin and destination and the influence of bilateral and international relations. We ask how transnational citizenship is exercised in the European Union, Ibero-American and, particularly, Portuguese spaces, and whether it is affected by the economic crisis in Europe and, in particular, Portugal, by analysing the cases of Argentines, Brazilians and Uruguayans living in Portugal.