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The fate of law is change. Change is the law of nature. Law goes on changing in accordance with the demands of society. International Law(Jus Gentium) does not form any exception to the above truth. The 20th Century has witnessed an ever-accelerating rhythm of change; the scientific and technological developments have unleashed political, economic, social and cultural forces which are transforming the society at an increasing rate.1 International Law has undergone complete changes after the two World Wars and it has revolutionised itscorpus during the current century. The whole of recorded history of International Law has been a process of revolution or at least of change, for, in no one era has mankind stood completely still.2 International Law has been changing with the facts of international life. Modern International Law has experienced new developments and trends. The new International Law, undoubtedly, has indicated the norms and rules that have evolved since the Second World War and more particularly since the creation of the United Nations. The new International Law has already manifested itself in the Charter of the United Nations. The United Nations Charter marked a significant step forward in the development of International Law. It marked the beginning of a new era in interstate relations. It was a sincere effort to restructure interstate relations with a view to achieving a new world order. It is because of the impact of the United Nations and of its specialized agencies, a number of significant developments have taken place in the field of International Law.

Family law and adjudication are conceptually different from most other areas of law. This difference, and the sensitive needs of members of all families in dispute, including children and people from differing ethnic cultures, demand particular awareness and skills from family lawyers and judges. These special features of family law and disputes imply that mediation is more benign than lawyer‐controlled dispute resolution.

From the Nuremberg Trials to contemporary human rights, Jews have long played prominent roles in the making of international law. But the actual ties between Jewish heritage and legal thought remain a subject of mystery and conjecture even among specialists. This volume of biographical studies takes a unique interdisciplinary approach, pairing historians and legal scholars to explore how the Jewish identities and experiences shaped their legal thought and activism. Using newly-discovered sources and sophisticated interpretative methods, this book offers an alternative history of twentieth-century international legal profession - and a new model to the emerging field of international legal biography.

Cover -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- The Authors -- Table of Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- General Introduction -- 1. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT -- I. The Need to Remedy the Shortcomings of PIL dated 1982 -- II. The Adoption of New PIL Dated 12 December 2007 -- 2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES -- 3. NATURE AND SCOPE -- I. Definition -- A. Introduction -- B. Foreign Element -- II. The Position of PIL in the Legal System -- III. Scope -- 4. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TURKISH PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW -- I. Applicable Law with Regard to Federal States -- II. The Absence of the General Exception Rule -- III. The Section of PIL which Stipulates the Conflict of Laws Rules -- IV. International Civil Procedure Law Rules -- Selected Bibliography -- I. General Works -- II. Monographs -- III. Legislation, Case Law and Other Materials -- Part I. General Principles (Choice of Law Technique) -- Chapter 1. Sources of PIL -- 1. NATIONAL LAW -- 2. MULTILATERAL AND BILATERAL TREATIES -- 3. CASE LAW -- 4. CUSTOMARY LAW -- 5. PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW -- 6. EUROPEAN COMMUNITY LAW -- 7. DOCTRINE -- Chapter 2. Connection -- 1. CHOICE OF LAW RULES (CONFLICT OF LAWS RULES) -- I. Total/Partial Conflict of Laws Rules -- A. In General -- 1. The Principles -- 2. Filling the Lacunae -- B. The Types of Conflict of Laws Rules -- II. Elements of a Rule -- III. Application of Foreign Law -- A. Foreign Law -- B. The Rule of Jura Novit Curia -- 2. RELEVANT CONTACT -- 3. CONNECTING FACTOR -- I. Nationality -- II. Domicile -- III. Habitual Residence -- IV. Pretended Domicile (Temporary Residence) -- V. Residence of Legal Persons -- VI. The Lex Actus -- VII. Lex Rei Sitae -- VIII. Intent of the Parties -- 4. CHANGES IN THE CONNECTING FACTORS: CHANGES IN THE LEX CAUSAE -- 5. COMBINATION OF CONNECTING FACTORS -- Chapter 3. Basic Terms.