Suchergebnisse

Discusses the 1963 stripping & parading of four naked dalit women in the village of Sirasgaon, India, to explore the production of knowledge about dalit women & the nature of anthropological narratives dealing with issues of caste & gender. The relation between dalit women's caste-specific differences & mainstream Indian feminism is explored, along with the judicial discourse surrounding the incident in Sirasgaon. It is argued that the avoidance of descriptions of the atrocious event itself in the documents, & the lack of serious legal consideration given to questions of untouchability or violence against women, reveal how various forms of untouchability are elaborated & disciplined, as well as how dalit women are constituted through critical events managed by legal mechanisms. Other issues explored are the position of certain aspects of Indian society in the domain of juridical reason, & the political basis for how the identities of dalits & others are expressed in legal arguments. The need to rethink modes of intellectual inquiry & practice in relation to gendered caste violence is discussed. 45 References. J. Lindroth

▪ Abstract  For most of the past 50 years, South Africa served as the outlier in sociological discussions of racial inequality: From the late 1940s, when most of the world was moving away from strict racial classification and segregation, apartheid provided social scientists with their most extreme example of the dynamics of racial segregation and exclusion.Yet while apartheid South Africa was unique, social scientists have also used it in comparative studies to explore the underlying dynamics of racial capitalism: Insights from South Africa have offered sociologists new ways to think about migrant labor; the construction of ethnicity; racial exclusion and colonial relationships; relationships between business, white workers and capitalist states; and oppositional social movements. With the end of legal apartheid, South Africa is poised to move into a new position in the annals of social science. From being an outlier, it is increasingly used an an exemplar, in discussions of democratic transitions, development strategies and globalization, and post-colonial transformations. Still to come, perhaps, are comparative studies that draw on insights from other parts of the world to re-examine aspects of South African society that have been left relatively unexplored—ironically including issues around racial identities and changing patterns of race relations as South Africa constructs a new non-racial democracy.

Las redes sociales y los teléfonos inteligentes se han convertido en un aliado para muchas disciplinas, el periodismo, por supuesto, no es la excepción. Las agencias de noticias han encontrado en los medios digitales una fuente de información en constante actualización y en los dispositivos móviles una herramienta que les permite reducir los gastos de producción. Sin embargo, para las personas que trabajan en estos medios de comunicación, específicamente los fotógrafos, la situación no ha sido tan favorable. La tesis principal recogida en este artículo es cómo la democratización de la imagen y la introducción de la web 2.0 han creado un nuevo paradigma en el fotoperiodismo, nutriendo la profesión en algunos aspectos y socavándola en otros. A lo largo de este texto se abordarán temas de debate como: el periodista multitask, el periodismo ciudadano, y el fotoperiodismo freelance. También se buscará dar respuesta a preguntas como ¿qué ventajas y qué problemas conlleva para el periodismo gráfico la digitalización de la información y su difusión en Internet?, ¿qué rol juega el ciudadano en la producción de contenido periodístico actualmente y qué beneficios tiene de esto? y ¿qué tan fiables son las imágenes de carácter periodístico que circulan en la red? ; Social networks and smartphones have become on ally for many disciplines, journalism, of course, is not the exception. News agency have found in digital media a source of information in constant updating and in mobile devices a tool that allows them to reduce production costs. However, for people working in these media, specifically for photographers, the situation has not been so favourable. The main thesis presented in this article is to show the democratization of the image and how the introduction of the web 2.0 has created a new paradigm in the photojournalism, nurturing the profession in some aspects and undermining it in others. Throughout this text will be present issues of debate like the multitask journalism, citizen journalism, and freelance ...

Aspects of investment attractiveness of subjects of Russian Federation, where the mode of Special Economic Zones (SEZ) is applied, are reviewed in this article. Emphasizing the importance of foreign direct investment for overcoming the technological gap from the leading world economies, the authors discuss several SEZs selected for reasons of uniformity of their socio-economic status and purpose of creating SEZ mode in them. One of the main purposes for establishing the SEZ mode is the creation of investment attractiveness for projects, being implemented in these regions. Special Economic Zones of Technical Innovation Type (Tomsk), industrial type (Samara, Ulyanovsk, Elabuga) are analyzed in this article because these are the types of SEZ modes where borrowing is supposed, as well as introduction and development of modern technologies. In large-scale projects planned by the Government in these areas, participation of small businesses is almost ignored, which, from the point of view of the authors, harms the investment attractiveness of the projects. Identification of regional special characteristics of investment attractiveness of studied objects is carried out in comparison with the state of small business in these areas. Importance of small business development in the creation of a favorable investment climate is shown.

The aim of this thesis is to focus on the relationship between the German composer and Great Britain. However, at first glance, this idea may be surprising. Indeed, Beethoven, born in 1770 in Germany never went to Britain unlike other composers such as Haydn, Weber and Mendelssohn. Nevertheless, this study will attempt to show that a true relationship was established, based on numerous aspects and on a reciprocal feeling of admiration. Firstly, this thesis will try to find the origins of the German composer's enthusiasm for Britain and it will then define the different cultural aspects that were so dear to Beethoven. Thus, literature, music and politics emerge as the different aspects of British culture which the musician admired the most. As a result, it is possible to find tokens of his fascination for Britain through his works. In the same way, this research work will describe the mechanisms which contributed to make Beethoven a celebrated composer in the United Kingdom who, gradually, became the new British musical hero. Thus, this thesis will analyse the concert programmes and reception of Beethoven's works and it will shed new light on the importance of networks which promoted the composer within the British musical scene. Indeed, Beethoven benefited from the valuable help of two networks: the first was composed of Viennese or foreign friends living in London like Clementi, Salomon, von Häring or Ries, who put him in contact with a second network, a British one with English musicians like Sir George Smart, Charles Neate or publishers like Robert Birchall. Finally, these two lobbies merged together into one of the key elements promoting Beethoven's music, The Philharmonic Society, created in 1813. This study will also show the importance of the social, musical and esthetical factors which favoured Beethoven's domination of the British musical scene. It will show how the British press elevated Beethoven to the rank of "British" citizen especially during his agony. Finally, in Beethoven studies, there is a ...

The aim of this thesis is to focus on the relationship between the German composer and Great Britain. However, at first glance, this idea may be surprising. Indeed, Beethoven, born in 1770 in Germany never went to Britain unlike other composers such as Haydn, Weber and Mendelssohn. Nevertheless, this study will attempt to show that a true relationship was established, based on numerous aspects and on a reciprocal feeling of admiration. Firstly, this thesis will try to find the origins of the German composer's enthusiasm for Britain and it will then define the different cultural aspects that were so dear to Beethoven. Thus, literature, music and politics emerge as the different aspects of British culture which the musician admired the most. As a result, it is possible to find tokens of his fascination for Britain through his works. In the same way, this research work will describe the mechanisms which contributed to make Beethoven a celebrated composer in the United Kingdom who, gradually, became the new British musical hero. Thus, this thesis will analyse the concert programmes and reception of Beethoven's works and it will shed new light on the importance of networks which promoted the composer within the British musical scene. Indeed, Beethoven benefited from the valuable help of two networks: the first was composed of Viennese or foreign friends living in London like Clementi, Salomon, von Häring or Ries, who put him in contact with a second network, a British one with English musicians like Sir George Smart, Charles Neate or publishers like Robert Birchall. Finally, these two lobbies merged together into one of the key elements promoting Beethoven's music, The Philharmonic Society, created in 1813. This study will also show the importance of the social, musical and esthetical factors which favoured Beethoven's domination of the British musical scene. It will show how the British press elevated Beethoven to the rank of "British" citizen especially during his agony. Finally, in Beethoven studies, there is a ...

Intro -- Contents -- About the Authors -- List of Figures -- 1: Introduction: Moments of Resonance -- Three Accounts -- Aspects of Resonance -- Strengths of Resonance -- Aims and Structure -- Works Cited -- Bibliography -- Filmography -- 2: Defining, Critiquing, Defending and Revising Resonance -- Defining Resonance -- Four Criteria -- Critiquing Resonance -- Defending Resonance: Rosa's Response -- Revising Resonance -- Works Cited -- Bibliography -- 3: Towards a Spectrum of Resonance -- Dichotomies of Resonance -- A Decentring -- A First Tension: Apprehension and Recognition -- Affects and Habits -- The Pain of Others -- A Second Tension: Thought and Knowledge -- Thinking and Morality -- The Spectrum: Critical Resonance -- Arendt and Cooke -- The Spectrum: Affirmationist Resonance -- Reason and Affect -- Works Cited -- Bibliography -- 4: Resonance and Aesthetic Experience: Between Critique and Postcritique -- Good Vibrations and Passionate Affinities -- Rosa's Aesthetic Theory -- Rosa and Felski on Immediacy: Similarities -- Rosa and Felski on Immediacy: Differences -- Hegelian Hangovers and Adornian Traces -- Works Cited -- Bibliography -- Filmography -- 5: The Spectrum of Resonance and Edgard Reitz's Heimat -- Why Heimat? -- The Reception of Heimat -- Attachment and Heimlichkeit -- Heimat and Reitz -- Critical Elements -- Uncritical Elements -- Felski and Immersion in Heimat -- Critical and Affirmationist Resonance with Heimat -- The Balance between Critical and Affirmationist Resonance -- Distance and Otherness -- Works Cited -- Bibliography -- Filmography -- 6: The Spectrum of Resonance and Amna Suraka -- Decolonizing Resonance -- The KRI -- Amna Suraka -- Cultural Resonance -- Heroic Resonance -- The Prison Complex -- The Sculptures -- Apprehending Suffering -- Ellipses -- Affirmation and Critique -- An Irresistible Force -- Works Cited.

to Part 1 -- 1. Resolving the Eurogang Paradox -- 2. The Impact of Organizational Features on Gang Activities and Relationships -- 3. Globalization, Gangs, and Collaborative Research -- 4. Advantages of Longitudinal Research Designs in Studying Gang Behavior -- 5. The Proliferation of Gangs in the United States -- 6. Young Gang Members in a School Survey -- 7. Young Women's Involvement in Gangs in the United States: An Overview -- to Part II -- 8. Towards a Problem-Oriented Approach to Youth Groups in The Hague -- 9. Crips in Orange: Gangs and Groups in The Netherlands -- 10. Gangstas or Lager Louts? Working Class Street Gangs in Manchester -- 11. The Concept of Honor, Conflict and Violent Behavior among Youths in Oslo -- 12. Street Gangs and Crime Prevention in Copenhagen -- 13. Patterns of Ethnic Violence in a Frankfurt Street Gang -- 14. Evolution of Delinquent Gangs in Russia -- 15. Youth Gangs in France: A Socio-Ethnographic Approach -- 16. Other Gang Situations in Europe -- to Part III -- 17. Group Criminality -- 18. Gang Membership in Bremen and Denver: Comparative Longitudinal Data -- 19. Groups of Violent Young Males in Germany -- 20. Criminal Networks in Stockholm -- 21. Gang-Like Groups in Slovenia -- 22. The Group Aspect of Youth Crime and Youth Gangs in Brussels: What We Do Know and Especially What We Don't Know -- 23. A Proposal for Multi-Site Study of European Gangs and Youth Groups -- 24. Gangs in Europe: Assessments at the Millennium -- IV -- 25. Bridging the American/European Contexts: Interventions, Communities, Youth Groups, and Moral Panics.

to the Second Round Table on Law and Semiotics: Pragmatic Method and Some Consequences -- The Semiotics of Finnish Constitutional Law on Government Finance -- How Judges Fool Themselves: The Semiotics of the Easy Case -- What is a Hay Baler? The Semiotic Answer from Contract Law -- Drafting and Interpreting Legal Documents -- Metaphor and Adlinguisticity in the Literacy Language of Michel Foucault -- Mediation and Conflicts of Moralities -- Decoding the Code -- Modalities of Annunciation: An Introduction to Courtroom Speech -- Statutes in Common Law and Civil Law: Their Interpretation and -- The New Realism and Lawlessness in Kaleidoscope -- The Problem of Mother's Brother in "Oedipus": A Structural View of Sophocles's Theban Plays -- Law and the Importance of Feelings -- Rhetoric and Legitimation: An Analysis of Supreme Court Reversals -- "The Verdict": Dark Film Explores the Underside of the Law -- The Technologizing of the Law -- Sign of the Crimes: Medico-Legal Contexts of Detective Fiction -- Gender and Justice in Susan Glaspell's "A Jury of Her Peers" -- Eric Voegelin's Semiotics of History -- Legal Realism in a Cross-Cultural Context -- In Search of the Truly Fake: Aspects of Iconicity and Deceit -- "Everybody Pays - Even for Things They Didn't Do": The Justice of Vengeance in Richard Bachman's "Thinner" -- The Deconstruction of the First Amendment: Philosophical Reflections on the Foundation of the City in Speech -- The Interpretation of Statutes in Hermeneutical Perspective: Can the Dangers of Scylia and Charybdis Be Avoided?.

Participatory epidemiology (PE) is a method that gathers data from groups through focus group interviews and participatory visual and scoring exercises. The method is often used in poor communities in low-income countries where it is hard to obtain conventional epidemiological data. This paper draws on research on the public sphere and democratic deliberation, along with research on language and interpretation, to suggest how PE research could be better equipped to account for diversity in local knowledge, include minority views and acknowledge power dynamics. These aspects are discussed under the three themes of 'plurality', 'power' and 'language'. A review of highly-cited PE literature suggests that PE research engages with plurality and power to a very limited extent, and only marginally more so with language and translation. Examples are taken from the authors' own PE research on African swine fever in -Uganda, classical swine fever in Germany, peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Eastern Europe, and Ugandan pastoralists' understanding of cattle disease to provide more detail as to why conventional PE studies might fail to record issues of plurality, power and language, and also to suggest how this can be addressed. With reference to the literature on the public sphere and democratic deliberation, and on language and interpretation, this paper concludes with some suggestions as to how to take plurality, power and language into greater consideration in PE studies in future, thus improving the validity and reliability of PE data.

La présente note de politique pose les fondements d'une méthode pour la réalisation d'un processus d'analyse d'impact relative à la protection des données (AIPD) dans l'Union européenne (UE). Premièrement, elle propose, comme condition préalable, une méthode générique qui – après avoir été adaptée au contexte particulier – est destinée à être utilisée dans plusieurs domaines de pratique, tels que l'environnement, le développement technologique ou la réglementation (Section 2). Ensuite, en partant de cette méthode générique et en interprétant les obligations du Règlement Général sur la Protection des Données (RGPD), elle jette les bases d'une méthode spécifique pour effectuer des processus d'AIPD dans l'UE, laquelle devrait également être adaptée au contexte (Section 3). La présente note de politique vise plus particulièrement à préciser deux aspects fondamentaux de cette méthode spécifique, qui jusqu'à présent se sont avérés être les plus contentieux. Il s'agit d'une part des techniques d'évaluation (plus spécifiquement, l'évaluation de la nécessité et de la proportionnalité, et l'évaluation des risques), et d'autre part de l'implication des parties prenantes (y compris la participation publique) dans le processus de la prise de décision. La section 4 offre un résumé des conclusions et préconise davantage d'orientations, de précisions et d'adaptations. La présente note de politique s'adresse principalement aux décideurs politiques qui développent les méthodes d'analyse d'impact, aux praticiens qui adaptent ces méthodes au contexte dans lesquelles celles-ci sont utilisées et aux experts qui mettent en œuvre le processus d'analyse conformément à ces méthodes.

International audience ; he site of Tepe Yahya in southeastern Iran is famous, among other important aspects, for the Proto-Elamite complex dated to around 3000 BC (Period IVC). The material culture of Period IVC is not exclusively limited to its Proto-Elamite component, but is also characterized by the presence of elements from other Middle-Asian cultural ceramic traditions. In addition to a synthesis of the Proto-Elamite period and the material assemblage at Tepe Yahya, The Proto-Elamite Settlement and Its Neighbors provides an updated review and comprehensive discussion of the Proto-Elamite sphere, its relations to Mesopotamia, and its eastern Middle Asian neighbors. This innovative book illustrates that the "multi-cultural" situation at Tepe Yahya Period IVC was present across many sites in Middle Asia and that, in addition to the Proto-Elamite sphere and the cities of Mesopotamia, Middle Asia around 3000 BC was incorporated within an interactive "multi-players" network of polities. Benjamin Mutin, Author, is a Research Fellow for the American School of Prehistoric Research, Harvard University. He is an archaeologist who specializes in Middle Asian proto-history and who has worked in Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Tajikistan, and Oman. He holds a Ph.D. in Prehistory, Anthropology, and Ethnology from University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. C. C. Lamberg-Karlovsky, General Editor, and Project Director for Tepe Yahya, is the Stephen Phillips Professor of Archaeology, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Peabody Museum (Director 1977–1990).

The Community Development (CD) program in India seeks to bring about rapid soc change through a comprehensive & integrated approach. The improvement in techniques of farming & agriculture is the corner-stone of this program but it touches all aspects of community life--health, educ, recreation, econ wellbeing, & cooperation. It is the most gigantically planned & gov'ally admin'ed program operated with the support of the people. The present CD projects is the logical culmination of forces released by a number of useful & varied exp's successfully carried on by a number of org's in India. They are: The Wardha Schemes; The Ru Reconstruction Project at Martandam; Ru Welfare Centers of the Servants of India Society; The Etwa & Gorakhpur projects; The Sarvodaya Scheme of the Gov of Bombay; The Firka Development Scheme of the Gov of Madras; The Faridabad Project of the Gov of India's Ministry of Rehabilitation; & The Community Education Centers of Jamia Millia Islamia's Instit of Adult & Soc Educ. The basic aims of the CD program are: increase agri'al output, decrease unemployment in Ru areas; improve village communications, foster primary educ, soc educ, public health, & recreation in the villages, improve housing & environmental sanitation, & promote indigenous handicrafts & small scale industries. Though it started as a gov program, every effort is being made to transform it into a people's program. While the progress maintained is satisfactory, we are nowhere near our ideal. J. E. Hughes.

В статье авторы анализируют и конкретизируют концепт «социальный образ науки», описывают его структуру и трансформацию под влиянием внутринаучной и внешней идеологии. Конвенциональность социального образа науки подразумевает его определимость коллективным представлением конкретного дисциплинарного сообщества о значимости и актуальности конкретных аспектов исследовательской деятельности в контексте представления науки для широкой общественности. В научно-популярных журналах начала XX в. прослеживаются два конвенциональных образа науки: образ науки просветительского характера как выражение внутринаучной идеологии научного сообщества и практико-ориентированный образ науки, соответствующий задачам государственного и общественного развития. ; The article analyzes the concept of social image of science, and describes its structure. Conventionality of the social image of science and its transformation under the influence of scientific and external ideology are discussed. The authors shows that conventionality of the social image of science means perception of the importance and relevance of the concrete aspects of research activity in the context of its presentation for society by the collective representation of the disciplinary community. In the popular scientific journals of the beginning of the 20th century, one can see two conventional images of science: the educational image of science as a reveal of the ideology of scientific community and the practice-focused image of science corresponding with the problems of the state and social development.

International audience ; Deux ans après la promulgation de la loi du 11 février 2005 il était opportun de dresser un tableau de l'extension de la scolarisation des élèves handicapés dans le second degré. Les UPI en s'implantant dans les lycées professionnels symbolisent la nécessaire continuité des parcours des élèves qui doivent pouvoir trouver à n'importe quel échelon du système scolaire des dispositifs à même de les accueillir et les accompagner dans leur formation. Dix ans après leurs débuts timides les UPI ont entamé une progression importante de leur implantation sous l'effet de la relance de l'intégration tout d'abord, puis de la scolarisation consacrée par la loi. Cette accélération a produit d'incontestables dynamiques mais aussi certains effets indésirables qu'il convient de circonvenir. En effet, on observe logiquement une tension entre des conceptions et méthodes issues d'un modèle qui raisonnait en termes de filières et de spécialisation et celles qui se fondent sur un principe à partir duquel s'organise pour tous l'accessibilité au cursus scolaire ordinaire. C'est donc sur cette vue panoramique contrastée que le dossier s'attarde en scrutant sous divers angles un paysage que l'on souhaiterait parfois plus homogène. Sous certains aspects le second degré reste une terre de mission pour les élèves en situation de handicap, mais l'ampleur du défi s'avère mobilisatrice comme en témoignent nombre de contributions de ce numéro. En proposant une tout autre option que celle des classes spéciales ou spécialisées, les UPI ont eu l'ambition de substituer une logique de parcours à une logique de placement encore trop prévalente. De fait, cette notion et cette approche deviennent centrales dans la politique actuelle, qu'il s'agisse du parcours scolaire, du parcours de formation professionnelle et plus récemment du parcours d'insertion de l'élève, puis du jeune avec handicap. Dans la mesure où les besoins particuliers d'une