Suchergebnisse

Background Governments, funding bodies, institutions, and publishers have developed a number of strategies to encourage researchers to facilitate access to datasets. The rationale behind this approach is that this will bring a number of benefits and enable advances in healthcare and medicine by allowing the maximum returns from the investment in research, as well as reducing waste and promoting transparency. As this approach gains momentum, these data-sharing practices have implications for many kinds of research as they become standard practice across the world. Main text The governance frameworks that have been developed to support biomedical research are not well equipped to deal with the complexities of international data sharing. This system is nationally based and is dependent upon expert committees for oversight and compliance, which has often led to piece-meal decisionmaking. This system tends to perpetuate inequalities by obscuring the contributions and the important role of different data providers along the data stream, whether they be low- or middle-income country researchers, patients, research participants, groups, or communities. As research and data-sharing activities are largely publicly funded, there is a strong moral argument for including the people who provide the data in decision-making and to develop governance systems for their continued participation. Conclusions We recommend that governance of science becomes more transparent, representative, and responsive to the voices of many constituencies by conducting public consultations about data-sharing addressing issues of access and use; including all data providers in decision-making about the use and sharing of data along the whole of the data stream; and using digital technologies to encourage accessibility, transparency, and accountability. We anticipate that this approach could enhance the legitimacy of the research process, generate insights that may otherwise be overlooked or ignored, and help to bring valuable perspectives into the ...

Data sharing has become an increasing important issue facing scientists in recent years.nbsp; And, understanding what kinds of factors affect data sharing behavior remains an important goal in informing those setting data sharing policy. The present analysis examines survey data ICPSR collected from social scientists in the United States who collected primary research data under funding from the National Science Foundation or the National Institutes of Health. Building on our prior work, here we examine whether certain social science disciplines embraced data sharing more than others early on. Results from multivariate regression models suggest political scientists and economists are most likely to share their data and psychologists and health scientists are the least likely. Implications for discipline-specific policies are discussed.

Abstract
Intergovernmental collaboration is needed to address global problems. Modern solutions to these problems often include data-driven methods like artificial intelligence (AI), which require large amounts of data to perform well. As AI emerges as a central catalyst in deriving effective solutions for global problems, the infrastructure that supports its data needs becomes crucial. However, data sharing between governments is often constrained due to socio-technical barriers such as concerns over data privacy, data sovereignty issues, and the risks of information misuse. Federated learning (FL) presents a promising solution as a decentralized AI methodology, enabling the use of data from multiple silos without necessitating central aggregation. Instead of sharing raw data, governments can build their own models and just share the model parameters with a central server aggregating all parameters, resulting in a superior overall model. By conducting a structured literature review, we show how major intergovernmental data-sharing challenges listed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development can be overcome by utilizing FL. Furthermore, we provide a tangible resource implementing FL linked to the Ukrainian refugee crisis that can be utilized by researchers and policymakers alike who want to implement FL in cases where data cannot be shared. Enhanced AI while maintaining privacy through FL thus allows governments to collaboratively address global problems, positively impacting governments and citizens.

Reward and Punishment Mechanism for Research Data Sharing