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Load problems in electricity markets occur both on the supply and demand side and can have technical, economic and even political causes. Commonly, such problems have been solved by expanding production and/or distribution capacity, importing electricity or by load management. Load management is a techno-economic measure for harmonizing the relations between supply and demand sides, optimizing power generation and transmission and increasing security of supply. Interest in load management differs depending on the perspective of the actors involved: from customer, utility, or producer to state policymaker. The problem of load demand and load management in residential sector is in this thesis approached from different perspectives, i.e. technical, economic, and environmental. The study does not go deep into detailed analyses of each perspective, but rather aims to establish and analyze the links between them. This trans-disciplinary approach is the key methodological moment used in the research work performed by the research group for load management in buildings at the Lund Institute of Technology. The key objective of this study is to analyze load demand variation and load management possibilities in residential sector, particularly detached and semi-detached houses, to experimentally test and analyze the conditions and potential of direct load management from customer and utility viewpoint. Techno-economic and environmental aspects are investigated. The study was performed in collaboration with one electric utility in Southern Sweden. Ten electric-heated houses were equipped with extra meters, enabling hourly load measurements for heating, hot water and total electricity use. Household heating and hot water systems were controlled by the utility using an existing remote reading and monitoring system. The residents noticed some of the control periods, although they didn't express any larger discomfort. The experiments proved that direct load management might be a possible solution for the utility to solve their peak demand problems. Another solution, considered by the utility and analyzed in this study is a construction of diesel peak power plant. This alternative has negative environmental consequences compared to load management. The analysis of environmental aspects was extended to national level. To include an environmental perspective is a novel approach, since traditionally, load management evaluation is limited the economic and technical viewpoints. It identifies and discusses the possible environmental benefits of load management and evaluates their significance, primary focusing on CO2 emissions reduction. The results show the importance of considering the influence of site-specific or level-specific conditions on the environmental effects of load management. On the national level, load management measures can hardly provide significant environmental benefits, since hydropower is used as the demand following production source in Sweden. Emission reductions will rather be the result of energy efficiency measures, which will cut the load demand as well as the energy demand.

Environmental awareness has increased during the past 2-3 decades, and companies have gone from simply following legislation to adding environmental considerations into their business plans. The ongoing developments make it interesting to study how leading companies integrate environmental considerations into their product development processes. The aim of this thesis is to study how environmental considerations can be integrated into the product development process. It is based on studies made in the Swedish manufacturing industry. The research has used both quantitative and qualitative methods. The foundation for the conclusion was derived from the four different studies building this thesis. The aggregated conclusion from the studies suggests a conceptual model consisting of four cornerstones that should be addressed in order to ease the integration of environmental concerns: the management, product development process, DfE Mindset, and DfE Tools. The development of this model has its foundation in industrial case studies that show how leading companies have integrated environmental considerations in an innovative way. Combined with the conceptual model is a discussion concerning the usage of existing tools and how sub-activities carried out within the development process are less formal than before. This non-rigid structure is in line with what is suggested in current innovation research for radical innovation, since it enables creativity to flourish and does not limit designers. This freedom of action for the creativity of the personnel in the projects has raised the environmental work to a new level. The thesis also suggests how to use analytical and dialogue-based tools in a development project. It is beneficial to have a dialogue tool in the beginning of a project and in a radical innovation project, while it is beneficial to have an analytical tool later on in a project if more that one tool is used or in an incremental innovation project. ; QC 20100820.

First generation bioethanol production and its use as fuel were characterized by a significant take- off in the mid-2000s. The fast growth was followed by a very sharp slowdown in line with the changed position of the European Union. The change of direction aims that priority should be given to the polysaccharide-based materials from the potential raw materials of bioethanol production, which are available not from crops, but in the form of agricultural and forestry waste and by-products. The role, economic and environmental aspects of bioethanol as the fuel of the future arise open issues. With our examinations we want to contribute to respond to those questions which analyse the impacts and economy of the bioethanol production based on agricultural by-products. In this framework we compared the quantity of cellulose can be obtained from potential raw materials, we made economic calculations, and we analysed the impacts of raw material acquisition on landscape ecology. Our aim in all of this was to map the advantages and disadvantages of the second generation bioethanol production.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Environmental Sustainability of Handloom Sector -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Handloom Fabric Manufacturing Process -- 3 Impact of Handloom Industry on Environment -- 4 Sustainability -- 4.1 Aspects of Sustainability -- 5 Environmental Sustainability of Handloom Sector -- 5.1 Waste Minimization -- 5.2 Use of Sustainable Fibres -- 5.3 Sustainability of the Handloom Sector -- 5.4 Sustainable Wet Processing in Handloom Sector -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainability, Culture and Handloom Product Diversities with Indian Perspective -- 1 Introduction: Cultural Intervention and Handloom Product Diversities in India -- 2 Handloom Weavers, Their Products and Culture, Environmental Aspects-Sustainability -- 3 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Teaching About "Fibre": Between Art and Contemporary Design -- 1 Overview of the Topic -- 2 Presentation of Work Stages -- References -- Handweaving as a Catalyst for Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Context -- 2.1 Craft, Design and Handweaving -- 2.2 An Arts and Crafts Model for Sustainability -- 2.3 Handweaving and the Circular Economy -- 3 Hands-On Case Study -- 3.1 Methods -- 3.2 Analysis -- 3.3 Findings -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Handloom-The Challenges and Opportunities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Need for Value-Addition -- 3 Value-Added Handloom Textiles -- 3.1 Dyeing of Eri with Natural Colour -- 3.2 Printing and Painting with Natural Colour -- 3.3 Batik Work with Natural Colour -- 3.4 Eco-Friendly Woven Apparels -- 4 Conclusion -- References.

A significant reduction of the global environmental consequences of European consumption and production activities are the main objective of the policy simulations carried out in this paper. For this purpose three different modelling approaches have been chosen. Two macroeconomic models following the philosophy of consistent stock-flow accounting for the main institutional sectors (households, firms, banks, central bank and government) are used for quantifying the impact of several different policies. These policies comprise classical tax reforms (pricing of resources and emissions) as well as policies aiming at behavioural change in private and public consumption and at technological change (energy and resource efficiency and renewable sources). A Dynamic New Keynesian (DYNK) model is used for a comparison between classical green tax reform and taxing direct and indirect (footprint) energy and resource use of consumers. An important leading principle of the modelling work is the simultaneous treatment of economic (GDP, employment), social (income distribution, unemployment) and environmental issues. The paper shortly describes the different modelling approaches and highlights the most important features for the evaluation of the impacts of different policies. Then the different policy scenarios that are carried out with each model are described. The policy scenarios are not directly comparable between the different models, but show some similarities. The simulation results of the different policy scenarios are then analyzed and discussed. Two important conclusions can be drawn from the simulation results: (i) important trade-offs and synergies exist between the different economic, social and environmental goals (ii) simple policy scenarios mainly putting all the effort in one simple instrument (e.g. tax reform) are not likely to achieve an optimal result. A combination of instruments is most likely to achieve results satisfying the different economic, social and environmental goals.

Projects related to space mining open numerous questions, including the guarantees of environmental standards of space activities. this contribution analyses the scope of the competences of COSPAR, the legal character of its recommendations, and their applicability to space mining.