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Simon Reich presents an interpretation of the relationship between material (hard) and social (soft) power, with implications for the alternative ways these link and the impact of these linkages on the future of American policy. Global Norms offers a new way of understanding both theory and policy in the 21st Century.

Migration is a common & essential livelihood strategy in the risk-prone environment of Sahelian West Africa. But migration is not a passive reaction to economic & environmental forces. Patterns of movement are determined by context-specific & complex dynamics, mediated by social networks, gender relations, & household structures. IDS-based research on sustainable livelihoods illustrated this in two locations in Mali: (1) a village in the Sahelian dryland with different & gendered migration patterns of various ethnic groups; & (2) exceptional patterns in the Sudano-Sahelian cotton region with extensive & long-lasting engagement in small cocoa & coffee plantations in Cote d'Ivoire. 1 Table, 1 Map, 24 References. Adapted from the source document.

The succulent and Nama-karoo form part of the arid south-western zone of Africa, a vast region of rugged landscapes and low treeless vegetation. Studies of this unique biome have yielded fascinating insights into the ecology of its flora and fauna. This book, originally published in 1999, is the first to synthesise these studies, presenting information on biogeographic patterns and life processes, form and function of animals and plants, foraging ecology, landscape-level dynamics and anthropogenic influences. Detailed analyses of the factors distinguishing the biota of the Karoo from that of other temperate deserts are given and generalisations about semi-arid ecosystems challenged. The ideas expounded, the ecological principles reviewed, and the results presented are relevant to all those working in the extensive arid and semi-arid regions of the world

The fourth edition of this award-winning text has been thoroughly revised and updated to capture nearly a decade of new developments affecting global governance: the Covid-19 pandemic, Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the rise of populist nationalism, implementation of the SDGs, the youth climate-justice movement, and much more. There is also an entirely new chapter on human security. As before, the authors provide a comprehensive, in-depth examination of the full range of international organizations.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- 1 Migration History: Some Patterns Revisited -- 2 Moving Europeans in the Globalizing World: Contemporary Migrations in a Historical-Comparative Perspective (1955–1994 v. 1870–1914) -- 3 Africa and Global Patterns of Migration -- 4 The Global Migration Crisis -- 5 Diasporas, the Nation-State, and Globalisation -- 6 Migrant Workers, Markets, and the Law -- 7 Of Migration, Great Cities, and Markets: Global Systems of Development -- 8 Uncertain Globalization: Refugee Movements in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century -- 9 Travel, Migration, and Images of Social Life -- 10 Global Movements, Global Walls: Responses to Migration, 1885–1925 -- About the Book and Editor

'Asians in Australia: Patterns of Migration and Settlement' edited by J. E. Coughlan and D. J. McNamara is reviewed.

The migration of women or female migration has emerged as an important field of research within the larger domain of migration studies and is being extensively explored under various disciplines. This growing trend can be attributed to some major developments in international migration such as rising numbers of women migrants, growth of women-centric occupations, migration of women in an independent capacity, women-related legislations and growth of gendered perspectives on various issues. These factors together increased the visibility of women in the migration process and have given rise to what has been termed the 'feminization of migration'. This paper explores the various nuances of the feminization of migration and aspects of female migration focusing on India. It begins with an overview of the growing numbers of women in the migratory flows and goes on to determine that despite the rising numbers and increased participation of women in the developmental dynamics of migration, they remain increasingly vulnerable and exposed to exploitation. The paper also highlights some of the critical policy decisions of the Government of India. The paper concludes that feminization of migration has undoubtedly increased the visibility of women in the migration discourse but much more needs to be done in terms of generating appropriate data, highlighting women's role in the developmental process, evolving policies for ensuring their protection and security and above all empowering them and increasing their participation in the labour market.