Suchergebnisse

'Hostages in the Middle Ages' examines the changing situations in which hostages were used in Europe and the Mediterranean world from the 5th to the 15th centuries, touching on a wide range of topics in military, diplomatic, political, social gender, economic, and legal history

AN EXAMINATION OF THE CHANGES THAT HAVE TAKEN PLACE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY AND A LOOK INTO THE FUTURE REVEALS THAT THE WORLD APPEARS TO BE MOVING BACK INTO THE MIDDLE AGES. THE PLACE OF THE EMPEROR HAS BEEN TAKEN BY THE U.S. PRESIDENT, THAT OF THE POPE BY THE SECRETARY GENERAL OF THE UNITED NATIONS. AS IN THE MIDDLE AGES, THE PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY CLASH OVER MONEY. AS IN THE MIDDLE AGES, THE PRESIDENT WIELDS THE MILITARY POWER AND THE SECRETARY SEEKS TO HOLD SWAY OVER PUBLIC OPINION. PERHAPS MOST IMPORTANT, THE SECRETARY SEEMS TO BE GAINING AT THE EXPENSE OF THE PRESIDENT--TO WAGE WAR IN KOSOVO, SOMALIA, AND KUWAIT, THE LATTER ULTIMATELY NEEDED THE PERMISSION OF THE FORMER. THE FUTURE MIDDLE AGES WILL LIKELY SEE CONTINUED DECENTRALIZATION AND MASSIVE POPULATION MOVEMENTS FROM ONE POLITICAL UNIT TO THE NEXT.

Introduction: Accuracy and Authenticity, Karl Alvestad (University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway) and Robert Houghton (University of Winchester, UK) -- Part I. Defining and Claiming Accuracy and Authenticity -- 1. 'History is Our Playground': Accuracy, Authenticity and Historical Media, Andrew Elliot (University of Lincoln, UK) -- 2. The 'Accurate' Deeds of our Fathers: The Changing Narrative of the Foundation of Norway, Karl Alvestad (University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway) -- 3. Medieval Objects in Modern Buildings: Medievalism, Family Identities and Critical Heritage Studies, Linsey Hunter (University of the Highlands and Islands, UK) -- 4. Where do the 'White Middle Ages' Come From? Helen Young (University of Sydney, Australia) -- 5. Modding History: Games Culture and the Constitution of the Authentic/Accurate, Adam Chapman (University of Gothenburg, Sweden) -- Part II. Exploring and Perpetuating (In)Accuracy and (In)Authenticity -- 6. Symbol or Falsehood? The Evolution of the Image of Wallace's Two-Handed Sword, Laura Harrison (University of Edinburgh, UK) -- 7. Authenticity and the Depiction of Medieval Medicine and Science in Modern Film and Television, April Harper (SUNY Oneonta, USA) -- 8. Audience Receptions of the Medieval on the Small and Silver Screen, Sian Beavers (Open University, UK) -- 9. ''Tis But a Scratch': Medieval Martial Arts in Modern Media, Jacob Deacon (University of Leeds, UK) -- 10. Absent Mothers: The Feminized 'Dark Ages' in Modern Board and Card Game Cultures, Daisy Black (University of Wolverhampton, UK) -- Part III. Creating Accuracy and Authenticity -- 11. The Tourist Gaze the 'Medieval' Landscape, Megan Arnott (Western Michigan University, USA) -- 12. Playing at the Crossroads of Religion and Law: Historical Milieu and Context in 'Lost & Found', Owen Gottleib (Rochester Institute of Technology, USA) -- 13. Playing Modding for 'Realism' and 'Accuracy' in Skyrim, Victoria Cooper (University of Leeds, UK) -- 14. Playing the Taskscapes: Representing Medieval Life through Video Games Technologies, Juan Hiriart (Salford University, UK).

Philippe Bernardi's Maître, valet et apprenti au Moyen Âge. Essai sur une production bien ordonnée, examines the traditional triptych of master craftsman, journeyman, and apprentice, considered to be characteristic of medieval production. By focusing on "work statuses," Bernardi moves away from an overly narrow legal approach to social status, in which production tends to go largely unanalyzed or else is considered only in curtailed form—as in the model of the three orders where, applying solely to "those who work," forms of production play only a minor role in social ordering. The originality of his approach lies in the way he constructs his object of study: work hierarchies. These are systematically addressed both in historical terms, on the basis of medieval archives (using the example of Provence in from the thirteenth to the fifteenth century), and in historiographical terms, by examining the models according to which these archives have been interpreted since the nineteenth century. Applying tools drawn from the history of science to medieval history, Bernardi thus uncovers the mechanisms that have shaped our knowledge of medieval society since the nineteenth century, showing that the master-journeyman-apprentice triptych is a representation originating in normative sources that has become a historiographical model, but which does not account for medieval production as it appears in sources relating to practice. Moving beyond this normative view, Bernardi shows that work statuses were mostly relational and functioned as a series of binary oppositions—a reality concealed behind a historiographical discourse woven not only through intellectual experience and critical thinking, but also by beliefs, values, and forms of activism.

I was asked to illustrate the effects of the economic leadership of adAvanced nations by an example drawn from English economic history in the Middle Ages. I have accordingly chosen the subject of Italian contribution to the economic development of medieval England. What prompted this choice was not only the contribution that the Italians in fact made but also the contribution that they are reputed to have made. Indeed their reputation for economic leadership interests me as much as their achievement. For if their reputation and their achievement are collated, something more interesting than a mere illustration of economic leadership may emerge. The illustration may well turn into a cautionary example. I hope I shall not appear immodest or perverse if I suggest that the Italian example may help to circumscribe the historical and the logical validity of the entire concept of economic leadership. For the concept that appears to mean something in historical accounts of economic forms is apt to dissolve as soon as we reach out to the fundamental forces and processes of economic growth.

Evidence for childhood and youth from the sixth century to the sixteenth, but with particular emphasis on later medieval England. Moving on from the legacy of Ariès, these essays address evidence for childhood and youth from the sixth century to the sixteenth, but with particular emphasis on later medieval England. The contents include the idea of childhoodin the writing of Gregory of Tours, skaldic verse narratives and their implications for the understanding of kingship, Jewish communities of Northern Europe for whom children represented the continuity of a persecuted faith, children in the records of the northern Italian Humiliati, the meaning of romance narratives centred around the departure of the hero or heroine from the natal hearth, the age at which later medieval English youngsters left home, how far they travelled and where they went, literary sources revealing the politicisation of the idea of the child, and the response of young, affluent females to homiletic literature and the iconography of the virgin martyrs in the later middle ages. Contributors: FRANCES E. ANDREWS, HELEN COOPER, P.J.P.GOLDBERG, SIMCHA GOLDIN, EDWARD F. JAMES, JUDITH JESCH, KIM M. PHILLIPS, MIKE TYLER, ROSALYNN VOADEN.