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The past few decades have witnessed great change in the study of the early Middle Ages in the Northern Iberian Peninsula. Spanish and Portuguese historiographies have moved away from older grand narratives such as 'Reconquest and Repopulation', which traced a centuries-long process encompassing the ultimate victory of Christianity over Islam and the construction of distinct nations or national societies. The basic tenets of these and other essentialist approaches to a period traditionally seen as the cradle of Spain and Portugal have been questioned and now superseded by a clearer awareness of the territorial diversity characterising the 8th to 11th centuries. Yet the ballast of both nationalism and regionalism has obstructed meaningful comparison amongst the Iberian regions to date. Drawing on the work of the research group EarlyMedIberia, this article argues for a new trans-regional approach to Northern Iberia, looking beyond political and geographical boundaries to consider the whole in a comparative light, and stressing the commonalities between regional and local societies. It does so by providing an overview of the extant charter material from before 1100 (indicating the principal editions) and by reviewing the major historiography. The conclusion proposes a closer assessment of the differences and similarities amongst regional historiographies, based on a more nuanced understanding of how they have been moulded by the specificities of the charter corpus in each region, as the first step towards a more integrated, contextualised, and rigorously comparative approach to the early Middle Ages in Northern Iberia.

Todavía continúan los debates sobre la revolución militar (RM) acaecida a comienzos de la Europa moderna. En un esfuerzo por determinar si la Iberia del siglo XVII merece permanecer en la periferia o ser incorporada a los territorios al centro de la RM, este artículo toma como caso de estudio la guerra Luso-castellana de 1640-68. En la aplicación de ciertos aspectos de la teoría de Roberts-Parker -estrategias y tácticas, y tamaño y composición de los ejércitos- a los hechos documentados de los bandos involucrados en la guerra más larga del siglo XVII ocurrida en Iberia, el artículo examina los recientes refinamientos de la teoría de la RM elaborados por David Parrott y John Lynn. ; Actualment encara continuen els debats sobre la revolució militar que va tenir lloc a principis de l'època moderna a Europa. En un esforç per determinar si la Ibèria del XVII mereix romandre a la perifèria o ser incorporada dins els territoris del centre d'aquesta revolució, aquest article pren com a cas d'estudi la guerra luso-castellana del 1640-68. En l'aplicació de certs aspectes de la teoria de Roberts-Parker -estratègies i tàctiques i magnitud i composició dels exèrcits-, als fets documentats dels bàndols involucrats en la guerra més llarga del segle XVII que ocorregué a Ibèria, l'article examina en profunditat les recents aportacions de la teoria de la revolució militar elaborats per David Parrot i John Lynn. ; The debate over la Revolución Militar (RM) in early modern Europe still continues. In an effort to determine if seventeenth-century Iberia deserves to remain on the periphery or be incorporated into the so-called «heartlands» of the RM, this article takes as a case study the Luso-castilian war of 1640-1668. In testing aspects of the Roberts-Parker theory -notably strategy and tactics, and army size and composition- against evidence from both parties to the longest war in seventeenth century Iberia, it examines some of the recent refinements of the MR theory elaborated by David Parrott and John Lynn.

The dimensions, the geographical position and the complex geological history of the Iberian Peninsula makes it a unique and singular target to study its crustal and upper mantle structure and geodynamical evolution using geophysical methods. The lithospheric structure beneath Iberia has been investigated since the 1970's using deep multichannel seismic reflection and refraction/wide-angle reflection profiling. Gravimetric and magnetic data were acquired following the deployment of permanent and temporary stations, mostly during the 1990's. Beginning in the late 1990's, the progressive use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) instruments contributed to monitor the present-day motions. During the last decades, numerous geological and geophysical surveys have investigated the Iberian lithosphere and upper mantle in the onshore and offshore regions, the most recent ones related to the TopoIberia project. The approach developed in this contribution is twofold. Firstly, we summarize the available geophysical information over Iberia, from focusing on the upper crust to the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary and the transition zone marking the bottom of the upper mantle. Results of GNSS data, potential fields, controlled source seismic profiles, magnetotelluric data, body and surface wave tomography, receiver functions and 2D and 3D lithospheric modeling are reviewed and compared. Secondly, we focus on the areas of greater geodynamic interest and the regions where inconsistencies within the geophysical results, or contradictions in their tectonic interpretation exist, identifying the major questions that are still under debate. Besides shedding light to the state of knowledge and pointing out present-day research challenges, this review provides a tool for the integration of the diverse geophysical datasets with the surface geology and geodynamical processes that are interpreted to have built the complex geology of the Iberian Peninsula. ; The authors acknowledge funding from the Generalitat de Catalunya, grant/awards number AGAUR 2017SGR1022, and AGAUR 2017SGR847, the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities grant numbers RTI2018-095594-B-I00, PGC2018-095154-B-100 and PGC2018-094227-B-I00 and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness grant numbers CGL2017-84901-C2 and PIE-CSIC-201830E039. IP is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities and University of Salamanca grant BEAGAL18/00090. AV acknowledges funding from the Spanish government through the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S). ; Peer reviewed

"A collection of essays exploring the polemical encounters in the fields of religion and culture that took place among Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula between the late Middle Ages and the seventeenth century"--Provided by publisher

The present paper is an overview of the available evidence for socioeconomic and political inequalities in Central Iberia, from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age. It focuses on mortuary practices, labour investments, craft production and settlement organization, disentangling the keys of prehistoric political economy. Following the evidence, I argue that the existence of permanent social inequalities would have been limited by three factors: a limited amount of surplus, the failure of small scale groups to increase the amount of labour force, and most important of all, the absolute absence of means of accumulation of value. ; Peer reviewed

This paper investigates the dolmen landscapes of Neolithic communities found within Costa da Morte (Coast of Death), Galicia. Its goal is to uncover whether or not the megalithic monuments of a particular and coherent area of the south-eastern side of the Atlantic Façade are situated in relation to complex locational variables. In particular, in this paper, we explore the entirety of their surrounding topography. For the very first time, we were able to demonstrate that very specific natural landscapes surrounding the dolmens of this region in Iberia were likely selectively drawn upon, expanding our understanding of the Neolithic of this area and the people's relationship with their natural world. ; This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation 399 programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement SHoW No 800236. ; No

During the Early Middle Ages, most of the Iberian Peninsula became part of the so-called dār al-Islam, the huge realm that extended from the shores of the Atlantic to the borders of the Indian subcontinent, and which comprised North Africa, the Near East and significant parts of Central Asia. In the long run, this meant a dramatic shift from the notions, ideologies and frames of reference that emerged in other western regions of the former Roman Empire. Not withstanding this obvious divergence, Iberia had shared with these regions a common classical legacy that was assimilated, readapted and, finally, integrated after the Arab conquest under a new perspective in a number of distinctive ways. The aim of this paper is to analyse receptions, perceptions and ideas on classical Antiquity from the eighth to the tenth century in both al-Andalus and the Christian north, drawing data from the material evidence and the written record. It is our contention that the appreciation of this legacy underwent significant changes in both cultural milieus as a result of changing political and social circumstances. ; This work was supported by the FAPESP, under Grant 2018/15102-7; FAPESP-BEPE 2019/11019-0: relying on the work developed for a PhD project under Grant FPU12/03709 ; Peer reviewed

There is a tendency to speak of a special devotion to the Virgin Mary in Visigothic Iberia, on the basis especially of the foundation of a new feast day in her honour. The seventh century nevertheless saw a general development of Marian liturgies in different parts of Mediterranean and Western Europe. In Rome alone, four Marian feasts were founded, probably around the mid-seventh century, and possibly linked to the Lateran Council of 649 where the doctrine of Mary's perpetual virginity was officially established. The presence in Rome of Taius, bishop of Zaragoza, raises the possibility that the idea of founding a new Marian feast in Iberia came from outside the Peninsula, as the very legislation founding the feast suggests. This study looks at the beginnings of Marian commemoration in order to integrate the Iberian case into a wider devotional and theological context. ; Se da por cierta una gran devoción mariana en la Iberia visigoda, especialmente por el establecimiento, en esa época, de una nueva celebración litúrgica en honor a la Virgen María. Sin embargo, el siglo VII conoció un progresivo desarrollo de liturgias marianas en diversas partes del Mediterráneo y de Europa occidental. En Roma se fundaron cuatro fi estas marianas a mediados del siglo VII, posiblemente con motivo del concilió de Letrán del año 649, en el que se declaró oficial la creencia en la perpetua virginidad de María. La presencia en Roma, alrededor de estas fechas, del obispo de Zaragoza, Tajón, hace suponer que el establecimiento de esta festividad mariana en Iberia pudo venir de fuera, tal como sugiere la legislación en torno a ella. Este estudio investiga los comienzos de esta conmemoración mariana con el fin de contextualizar el caso ibérico en el panorama devocional y teológico del momento.

As its title indicates, this book, which is divided into four chapters, seeks to provide an overview of "the diverse political, social and cultural functions that interfaith marriage alliances and other sexual encounters fulfilled within the overall dynamic of Christian- Muslim relations in the Iberian Peninsula during the medieval period, both within al- Andalus (…) and the expansionist Christian-dominated polities of the North" (4). In this sense, its chronological span reaches from the early eighth century (the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula by the Muslims) to 1492 (the Christian conquest of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada)

We dedicated this second part of the study to the investigation of the creation and transformation of Hispania's identity, attending this time to other elements that contributed to it, as it was the creation of the "macro-ethnicities", the implementation of the administrative units and the decisive impulse to the appearance of the "Hispanic conscience" with the strengthening and political projection of the elites of Hispania. ; Segunda parte del estudio que dedicamos al estudio de la creación y transformación de la identidad de Hispania, atendiendo esta vez a otros elementos que contribuyeron a ello, como fue la creación de las "macroetnias", la implementación de las unidades administrativas y el decisivo impulso a la aparición de la "conciencia hispana" con el fortalecimiento y proyección política de las élites de la Península.