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Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of tables -- List of figures -- Notes on contributors -- 1 By what right? competing sources of legitimacy in intractable conflicts -- 2 Legitimate agents of peacebuilding: deliberative governance in zones of peace -- 3 Between shadow citizenship and civil resistance: shifting local orders in a Colombian war-torn community -- 4 Civilian noncooperation as a source of legitimacy: innovative youth reactions in the face of local violence -- 5 External peacebuilders and the search for legitimacy: the Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy in Kashmir -- 6 Legitimacy, international accompaniment, and land reform in Colombia -- 7 Harnessing legitimacy through networks: civilian-led, closed virtual communities as a new type of zone of peace -- 8 Targets of violence, zones of peace: the child and school as post-conflict spaces -- 9 Peace as a tool of war: non-state armed actors and humanitarian agreements -- 10 Twisted legitimacy? leadership, representation, and status in traditional and fragile societies -- 11 Hybrid sources of legitimacy: peacebuilding and statebuilding in Somaliland -- 12 Legitimacy, peace, and peacebuilding -- Index

Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Editor and Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Plates -- 1 India-Thailand Cultural Interactions: A Study of Shared Cultural Markers -- References -- 2 Brahmanical Divinities in Siam: From Early to Modern Era -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Early Indian Arrival in Ancient Siam: A Caste Profile -- Early Royal Patronage of Brahmanism -- Brahmanical Deities: Tradition to Modernity -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Buddhist Moulded Clay Tablets from Dvaravatī: Understanding Their Regional Variations and Indian Linkages -- Abstract -- Nature and Utility of the Tablets -- Regional Variations of Dvārāvatī Tablets -- Transmission of Practices from India to Southeast Asia -- Stylistic Trends and Indian Linkage -- References -- 4 Mandapas of India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Thailand -- Abstract -- Mandapas in India and Southeast Asia -- Mandapas in Thailand -- Conclusion -- References -- Webpages -- 5 Refashioning the Identity of Siamese Monarchs: Hybridized Siamese and Indian Dress Styles -- Abstract -- Fashion and Identity -- National Identity -- Transformation of Siamese Royal Sartorial Style (Fifteenth-Nineteenth Century) -- References -- 6 From Indian Mind to Thai Heart: Buddhist Cult to Ganesh Puja -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Threads of Thoughts -- Buddhist, Thai Heart -- Buddhist Way in Thailand Grassroots -- Throne of Ganesh -- Lord Ganesh, Indian Way to Thai Style -- Conclusion -- References -- 7 Understanding Thai Music Through Indian Music -- Abstract -- Divine Origin of Music -- The Conception of 'Penta-Centricity' -- The Conception of 'Rhythm' -- The Expression of Feelings -- The Conception of Artistic Creator (Creative Artist) -- Composition and Performance -- Repetition -- Contrast -- Variation -- Purposeful Intent to Create Something Aesthetic -- Reaction Quality -- Emotion Quality

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of boxes -- 1 Introduction and Overview -- 2 Demographic, Urban, and Economic Evolution in the Megalopolis -- 3 General Purpose Technologies of Transport and ICT and the Emergence of the Globalized Economies -- 4 Structural Change and the Rise of the Knowledge Economy: Underlying Technologies and Processes -- 5 Passage of the Megalopolis to the Knowledge Economy: The Empirical Record -- 6 Spatial Evolution of the Megalopolis as a Functional Economic Region -- 7 Globalization, Tradable and Non-Tradable Sectors, and Widening Income Inequalities in the Megalopolis Knowledge Economy -- 8 Conclusion -- Index.

Stakeholder theory dominates in revealing the features of the stakeholders' influence on various entities; however, only few studies rely on it in the field of enterprises that select banks as financial partners. Considering the enterprise-bank relationship from the stakeholder theory perspective, this paper represents an approach to selecting strategies for interaction with this stakeholder type.The proposed approach includes the following steps: determining the interaction objectives for enterprises and banks; specifying and comparing potential partners; ranking banks to justify the chosen partner/partners for interaction; and selecting interaction strategies and forming the content of the behavior patterns inherent in enterprises (offensive or negotiation strategies). The criteria for choosing a strategy include the objectives of the interaction between enterprises (providing comprehensive services or satisfying individual financial needs) and their financial status that determines the interest of banks in partnership.The application of the proposed methodology for calculating rating indicators and the respective bank ranking showed that 18% of the banks included in the studied list of reliable Ukrainian banks have a high level of innovation activity and an acceptable level of banking service costs for business customers (that is, they implement a customer-oriented policy). Therefore, to receive comprehensive banking services combined with high or medium levels of banks' interest in interaction, the paper recommends enterprises to choose a large-scale offensive strategy or a large-scale negotiation strategy, respectively.The stakeholder theory, as well as consideration of the criteria defined in the paper, will allow enterprises to choose interaction strategies that meet their needs for financial services and harmonize the interests of partners.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Explaining post-war transitions in peacebuilding -- 3 The analytical framework of peacebuilding interactions -- 4 Setting the stage: everyday life and external-domestic interaction in Kosovo -- 5 Negotiating local governance reform -- 6 Negotiating police reform -- 7 Summary and discussion of findings: how external-domestic interactions facilitate stalled post-war transition -- 8 Conclusion: assessing the impact of external-domestic interactions in peacebuilding -- Appendices -- Index

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Table -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2: On Terrorism -- 2.1 In Search of a Definition -- 2.2 What Makes a Terrorist? -- 2.3 The Economic Impacts of Terrorism -- 2.3.1 Effects on Households -- 2.3.2 Effects on the Private Sector -- 2.3.3 Effects on Governments -- References -- Chapter 3: Terrorism as a Mode of Warfare -- 3.1 Strategy or Tactics or Whatever -- 3.2 Guerrilla Warfare and Terrorism -- 3.3 The ``Strategies´´ of Terrorism -- 3.3.1 Attrition -- 3.3.2 Spoiling -- 3.3.3 Provocation -- 3.3.4 Intimidation -- 3.3.5 Advertising -- 3.3.6 Outbidding -- 3.4 Some Comments on the Choice of Target -- References -- Chapter 4: The Economics of Terrorism -- 4.1 Terrorism and Rationality: A Contradiction? -- 4.2 Countermeasures -- 4.3 The Facets of Competition in the Context of Terrorism -- 4.3.1 Faction-Specific Competition -- 4.3.2 Cooperation and Alliances -- 4.3.3 Outbidding Continued and Differentiation -- References -- Chapter 5: Competition Between Homogenous Terrorist Organizations: A General Model -- 5.1 Building The Model -- 5.1.1 Why Large-Scale Attacks Occur At All -- 5.1.2 A Not So Obvious Dominant Strategy -- References -- Chapter 6: Al-Qaeda and Daesh: The Rise of the Islamic State -- 6.1 Origins and Raisons d´être -- 6.2 Case Study: Jabhat Fateh al-Sham Versus Daesh -- 6.3 Case Study: Towards a Model for al-Qaeda and Daesh -- References -- Chapter 7: Conclusion -- Reference -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- References.

This article examines the potential for discourse between citizens and front-line administrators—those who directly deal with citizens. Critics of technical rational organizations question the ability and willingness of administrators to act on citizen feedback. Therefore, the article explores theoretical arguments about organizational rationality and the effect of the "bureaucratic experience," resulting from administrator-bureaucracy interaction, on administrator ability and willingness to be responsive to citizens. Data from a survey of 147 front-line administrators are analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Social Segregation in Cities -- 3 The Appearance of Urban Decay and Deprivation in Western Cities -- 4 Explanations of Decay in the Urban Housing Market -- 5 Processes of Social and Physical Decay in Deprived Urban Neighbourhoods -- 6 Understanding Deprived Neighbourhoods - the Connection between Segregation and Neighbourhood Decay -- 7 Efforts to Combat Urban Decay -- Bibliography -- Index

In March 2020 a convective storm erupted at planetographic latitude 76°N in the southern flank of Saturn's long-lived hexagonal wave. The storm reached a zonal size of 4,500 km and developed a tail extending zonally 33,000 km. Two new short-lived storms erupted in May in the hexagon edge. These storms formed after the convective storms that took place in 2018 in nearby latitudes. There were no noticeable changes in the zonal profile of Saturn's polar winds in 2018-2020. Measurements of the longitude position of the vertices of the hexagon throughout this period yield a value for its period of rotation equal to that of System III of radio-rotation measured at the time of Voyagers. We report changes in the hexagon clouds related to the activity of the storms. Our study reinforces the idea that Saturn's hexagon is a well rooted structure with a possible direct relationship with the bulk rotation of the planet. ; This work has been supported by the Spanish project AYA2015-65041-P and PID2019-109467GB444 I00 (MINECO/FEDER, UE) and Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19. EGM is Serra Hunter Fellow atUPC. This work has used data acquired from the NASA/ESA HST Space Telescope, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These HST observations are associated with program GO/DD 15262. EGM, MS, KAV and ASL thankfully acknowledge the computer resources at Mare Nostrum and the technical support provided by Barcelona Supercomputing Center (AECT-2019-2-0006). We thank all the observers who have contributed with their images to the monitoring of the atmospheric activity on Saturn during the years 2019 and 2020 and whose list and images can be found in the ALPO452 Japan and PVOL databases. Part of the amateur observations analyzed were obtained through a collaboration with Europlanet 2024 RI. Europlanet 2024 RI has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 871149. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (author's final draft)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is likely to spawn revolutionary transformational effects on service organizations, including by impacting the ways in which firms engage with their customers. In parallel, customer engagement (CE), which reflects customer interactions with brands, offerings, or firms, has risen to the top of many managers' strategic wish lists in the last decade. However, despite literature-based advances made in both areas, AI and CE are largely investigated in isolation to date, yielding a paucity of insight into their interface. In response to this gap, this Special Issue offers a pioneering exploration of CE in automated or AI-based service interactions. Our editorial first reviews AI's Industry 4.0 underpinnings, followed by an important AI typology that comprises robotic process automation (RPA), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) applications. We then offer a high-level synopsis of existing CE research, followed by the development of a set of integrative propositions of CE in automated service interactions. Next, we introduce the Special Issue papers, which feature particular RPA, ML, or DL applications. We conclude with an overview of further research avenues in this growing area, which has the potential to develop into a powerful service research substream in the coming years.

Certain institutional variables - closed lists, high district or party magnitudes, gender quotas, and placement mandates - are widely thought to facilitate the election of women in list PR systems, but this "conventional wisdom" has not been subject to a comprehensive, cross-national test. After reviewing the pertinent literature and highlighting potential interactions among these institutional variables, this article evaluates the election of women in virtually all democracies that rely primarily on list PR to elect the lower house or unicameral chamber of the national legislature, using an original data set and OLS regressions. The results provide strong evidence that contextual differences - rather than institutional factors - explain most of the variation. Among the institutional variables, only placement mandates clearly matter. Other institutional variables have only marginal impacts, at best, and these appear to diverge by ballot structure. The conclusion briefly addresses the practical implications of these findings. [Copyright Elsevier Ltd.]

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Foreword -- Executive Summary -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Chapter 2 Patterns of Corruption, 1999 and 2002 -- Chapter 3 Understanding Corruption -- Chapter 4 Summary and Conclusions: Are Changes in Corruption Sustainable? -- Annex 1 Corruption Indicators and the BEEPS -- Annex 2 Issues of Data Comparability and "Don't Know" Responses -- Annex 3 Methodology and Detailed Regression Results -- List of Boxes -- List of Figures -- List of Annex Tables.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- Acknowledgements -- List of contributors -- Frontispiece -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Towards a global overview of Twin City Studies -- Notes -- References -- Part I: Intranational Twin Cities -- Chapter 2: Twin cities in medieval England: The case of small towns' development -- Weymouth and Melcombe Regis -- East and West Teignmouth -- Newton Abbot and Newton Bushel -- West Looe and East Looe -- Twin port towns -- References -- Chapter 3: The continued evolution of Fort William and Port Arthur into the City of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada -- A new century -- The World Wars and aftermath -- Together at last? -- References -- Chapter 4: Banana-benders and cockroaches 1 : Cross-border planning for Gold Coast-Tweed Heads -- Introduction -- From colonies to states and the Commonwealth of Australia -- Indigenous perspectives -- Settlement and urban history -- Cross-border planning -- Conflicts and border closures -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5: Chandigarh tri-city: Between conflict and co-operation -- The tri-city's birth: a contentious legacy -- Growth trajectories: From emulation to complementarity -- Growing together: through conflict and competition -- The way ahead: Lessons from the pandemic -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 6: Embryonic twin cities: Reggio Calabria and Messina in Italy -- Reggio and Messina: two important cities with fluctuating relationships -- Two cities scarcely integrated, in institutional and functional terms -- Potential for integration: the complementary nature of the two areas -- Integration's future: scenarios and strategies -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Part II: International Twin Cities: A. In Europe.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- 1 Introduction: Language and Culture on the Margins -- 2 Redefining the Sociolinguistic 'local': Examples from Tanzania -- 3 Reterritorialization and the Construction of Margins and Centers through Imitation in Indonesia -- 4 English in Asmara as a Changing Reflection of Online Globalization -- 5 Gender Performativity in Virtual Space: Transglossic Language Practices of Young Women in Bangladesh -- 6 The Language and Culture of New Kids: Appreciation of and Familiarity with Online Brabantish Identities -- 7 Literacy Acquisition and Mobile Phones in a South African Township: The Story of Sarah -- 8 Scaling Queer Performativities of Genders and Sexualities in the Periphery of Rio de Janeiro in Digital and Face-to-Face Semiotic Encounters -- 9 Expanding Marginality: Linguascaping a Transcarpathian Spa in South-Western Ukraine -- 10 Globalized Linguistic Resources at Work: A Case Study of a Local Supermarket in Finnish Lapland -- 11 Calypso Music, Globalization and Plurilingualism in the Dutch Caribbean -- 12 Consuming English in Rural China: Lookalike Language and the Semiotics of Aspiration -- List of Contributors -- Index

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Glossary -- List of Abbreviations -- List of Figures and Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Explaining the Fragile Peace in Ituri -- 1.1.1 Insights on the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ituri -- 1.1.2 Insights on International Peacebuilding Success and Failure -- 1.1.3 Insights on Local and International Peacebuilding Actors -- 1.2 The Main Argument: A Story of Interaction -- 1.2.1 Analytical Framework -- 1.2.2 Methodological Framework -- 1.2.3 Contribution to Scholarship and Practice -- 1.3 Outline of Chapters -- References -- Chapter 2: Analyzing the Interaction -- 2.1 International Peacebuilding and Its Critiques -- 2.1.1 Origins and Development of International Peacebuilding -- 2.1.1.1 From Traditional Peacekeeping to an Agenda for Liberal Peace -- 2.1.1.2 Reconceptualization of Security and Sovereignty -- 2.1.2 Critiques of International Peacebuilding -- 2.2 Addressing the 'Lack of the Local' -- 2.2.1 Local Ownership -- 2.2.1.1 Definition and Development -- 2.2.1.2 Critiques -- 2.2.2 Hybridity -- 2.2.2.1 Definition and Development -- 2.2.2.2 Critiques -- 2.2.3 Studying the Interaction -- 2.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Perceiving the War -- 3.1 The War and Its Origins -- 3.1.1 The Conflict Issues -- 3.1.1.1 Colonial Heritage and Ethnic Relations -- 3.1.1.2 Mobutu and the Land Question -- 3.1.1.3 The Role of Governance Structures -- 3.1.2 The Conflict Dynamics -- 3.1.2.1 Governance Structures During the War -- 3.1.2.2 Ethnic Mobilization by Armed Actors -- 3.1.2.3 The Importance of Controlling the Land -- 3.2 The Responses to the War -- 3.2.1 From Local Perceptions to Local Programs -- 3.2.1.1 Empirically-Based Perceptions of the Conflict -- 3.2.1.2 Local Experiences of Peacemaking -- A 'Spontaneous' Process? -- International Support