Adjusting to change [focuses on government efforts to relieve unemployment in manufacturing industries in Western Europe]
In: International labour review, Band 123, S. 693-703
ISSN: 0020-7780
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In: International labour review, Band 123, S. 693-703
ISSN: 0020-7780
In: Recent Studies of Industrial Relations Problems
In: Chinese journal of population, resources and environment, Band 5, Heft 2, S. 3-11
ISSN: 2325-4262
In: Scottish journal of political economy: the journal of the Scottish Economic Society, Band 22, Heft 3, S. 293-304
ISSN: 1467-9485
In: The Pakistan development review: PDR, Band 13, Heft 3, S. 231-244
It is a well-known fact that capital is scarce in most of the
developing countries and thus some of the production factors, such as
labour, remain unemployed, leading to a lower growth rate of G.N.P. than
would be possible under full employment. Additions to the stock of
capital not only increase the rate of growth but also provide new job
opportunities. However, in many developing countries, capital is
utilised less than one-third of the time [10,p.38], The underutilization
of capital obviously shrinks the growth rate of less deve¬loped
countries still further. Capacity underutilization discourages
technological progress which leads to an inefficient industrial
structure. This presents us with a paradox: if capital is scarce in
developing countries, why is it underutilized? A number of hypotheses
have been advanced to explain this paradox. Some of these hypotheses
relate to oligopolistic structure of the market, deficient demand,
non-availability of complementary factors of production (such as skilled
labour), imported inputs and government licensing policies. Moreover,
when aid is available for specific projects, there is a tendency to
build up addi¬tional capacity because the recipient countries prefer
some aid to no-aid. However, very little has been done so far in
building a theoretical framework which could be used in empirical
analysis to throw light on the possible causes of capacity
underutilization. Marris's theoretical framework [4] and Winston's
empirical investigation of capacity utilization in Pakistan [10] are
exceptions.
In: Its Manpower studies
In: New Zealand economic papers, Band 1, Heft 1, S. 31-37
ISSN: 1943-4863
In: Journal of economic policy reform, Band 11, Heft 4, S. 289-300
ISSN: 1748-7889
In: Review of Middle East economics and finance, Band 1, Heft 3, S. 1-20
ISSN: 1475-3693
In: Economics of Wage Determination; Studies in Contemporary Economics, S. 71-83
In: NBER Working Paper No. w0131
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