Suchergebnisse

The first Lithuanians to be introduced to philosophy were young members of the gentry who studied in European universities at the end of the 14th century. The recently christened Lithuania strove to adopt Western culture and to present itself as a Western state. At the end of the 14th century, the Vilnius Cathedral School was founded. The elements of logic were probably taught there. The growth of the political and economic power of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania brought about the need for higher education. The need was significantly increased by the growing activity of various religious orders. In 1507, the Dominicans started teaching philosophy and theology to their novices in Vilnius. They taught late medieval philosophy in its Thomistic interpretation. We can regard 1507 as the year Lithuania began to benefit from a new phenomenon, professional philosophy, with the Dominicans as its initiators. The Dominicans and later the Jesuits, Franciscans, Benedictines, Carmelites, Trinitarians, and other monastic orders enriched intellectual life in Lithuania by teaching philosophy in their schools. The most important event in the development of philosophy in Lithuania was the foundation of Vilnius University in 1579. The disciplines belonging to scholasticism of the second level were taught in its philosophy department. Adapted from the source document.

Even a casual glance at the list of Leo Strauss's writings devoted in whole or in part to medieval Jewish texts is sufficient to make clear that in any ordinary sense he left a substantial legacy to this field of study. They include two books, Philosophy and Law and Persecution and the Art of Writing, the monograph length essay which serves as the introduction to the English translation of Maimonides' Guide of the Perplexed done by Shlomo Pines and a number of articles.Moreover it is relatively clear that his study of these texts form an important part of his legacy as such. They remained important to his inquiries through his long scholarly career and do not belong only to one phase. Several of the articles devoted to such texts, he chose to republish in subsequent volumes concerned with major themes of his work. More important still, even towards the end of his life when his work was largely devoted to classical Greek texts, medieval Jewish texts continued to play some important role. The last work planned by Strauss, Studies on Platonic Philosophy, contains new, albeit short, treatments of Maimonides' Treatise on Logic and his Letter on Astrology which are the only essays first published in this book.

Introduction to the project -- The beginnings of Western philosophy: the pre-Socratics -- Socrates and the Sophists -- Plato -- Aristotle -- Philosophy in the Hellenistic and Roman periods: Epicureanism, Stoicism, Skepticism, and Neoplatonism -- Early Christian thought through Augustine -- Early medieval philosophy -- The High Middle Ages (I): Thomas Aquinas -- The High Middle Ages (II): Bonaventure, Scotus, Ockham -- Philosophy between the medieval and modern periods -- Descartes and the beginning of modern philosophy -- Continental rationalism: Spinoza and Leibniz -- British empiricism: Locke and Berkeley -- The Scottish enlightenment (I): David Hume -- The Scottish enlightenment (II): Thomas Reid -- Enlightenment deism, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Mary Wollstonecraft -- Immanuel Kant -- German idealism and Hegel -- Karl Marx -- S²ren Kierkegaard -- John Stuart Mill and nineteenth-century positivism -- Friedrich Nietzsche -- Conclusions: some lessons from the history of Western philosophy.

"Tianyi Zhang offers in this study an innovative philosophical reconstruction of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Suhrawardī's (d. 1191) Illuminationism. Commonly portrayed as either a theosophist or an Avicennian in disguise, Suhrawardīappears here as an original and hardheaded philosopher who adopts mysticism only as a tool of philosophical inquiry. Zhang makes use of Plato's cave allegory to explain Suhrawardī's Illuminationist project. Focusing on three areas-the theory of presential knowledge, the ontological discussion of mental considerations, and Light Metaphysics-Zhang convincingly reveals the Nominalist and Existential nature of Illuminationism, and thereby proposes a new way of understanding how Suhrawardī's central philosophical ideas cohere"--

Introduction (Fisette, Fréchette, Janousek) -- Part1. History of Philosophy. Chapter1. Brentano as a Historian of (Medieval) Philosophy (Laurent Cesalli (Geneva) ) -- Chapter2. Brentano on Aristotle's Categories. A Critical Assessment (Venanzio Raspa (Urbino) ) -- Chapter3. Brentano, Aristotle, and the Project of a scientific Philosophy (Emanuele Mariani (Lissabon)) -- Chapter4. Brentano and his scholastic roots (David Torrijos-Castrillejo (Madrid)) -- Part2. Psychology. Chapter5. Brentano on Phenomenalism and Physical Phenomena (Denis Fisette (Montreal)) -- Chapter6. Brentanian Psychology as a Foundation for Philosophy (Arkadiusz Chrudzimski (Stettin)) -- Chapter7. On the Several Senses of Psychology in Brentano (Charles Niveleau (Paris)) -- Chapter8. Franz Brentano and Brain Anatomy in Vienna (Josef Halde (Graz)) -- Part3. Descriptive phenomenology. Chapter9. Was Brentano a Self-Representationalist? (Denis Seron (Liège) ) -- Chapter10. The Phenomenology of Mentality (Arnaud Dewalque (Liège)) -- Chapter11. Attention in Brentano's Descriptive Psychology (Hynek Janousek (Prague)) -- Chapter12. Brentano, Pre-Reflexive Consciousness, and Temporality (Martin Moore (Montreal)) -- Chapter13. Brentano's Emotional Cognitivism (Gemmo Iocco (Parma)) -- Chapter14. Brentano on Emotions (Ingrid Vendrell Ferran (Basel)) -- Part 4. Chapter15. Language and Existence. About some Brentanian Paradoxes (Jan Sebestik (Paris)) -- Chapter16. Brentanian Mereology. The theory of Parts and Wholes (Wilhelm Baumgartner (Würzburg)) -- Chapter17. Substance and Accident in Brentano's Reism (Robin Rollinger (Prague)) -- Chapter18. Logical tools for descriptive psychology. Set theory and foundational Mereology (Bruno Leclercq (Liège)) -- Chapter19. Are Ideal Objects only Objects of Thought? The Controversy between Kotarbinski and Ingarden (Sébastien Richard (Brussels) -- Chapter20. Linguistic Fictions in Brentano (Charlotte Gauvry (Liège)).

This is the first volume exclusively devoted to the Expositio by Berthold of Moosburg (c.1295-c.1361) on Proclus' Elements of Theology. The breadth of its vision surpasses every other known commentary on the Elements of Theology, for it seeks to present a coherent account of the Platonic tradition as such (unified through the concord of Proclus and Dionysius) and at the same time to consolidate and transform a legacy of metaphysics developed in the German-speaking lands by Peripatetic authors (like Albert the Great, Ulrich of Strassburg, and Dietrich of Freiberg). This volume aims to provide a basis for further research and discussion of this unduly overlooked commentary, whose historical-philosophical importance as an attempt to refound Western metaphysics is beginning to be recognized.. Readership: Scholars and students interested in the history of metaphysics, the Platonic tradition, and the intellectual milieu of the German Dominicans from Albert the Great to the mid-14th century.