Suchergebnisse

The study of material culture and geography is relatively new and underdeveloped in most fields of history, but this underdevelopment is particularly acute for the history of the Middle East since the rise of Islam. Although, for most historians, the period when nearly everything in Middle Eastern history was ascribed to Islam has passed, and there is a new awareness of socioeconomic factors, discussions of these factors often overstress trade or center almost exclusively around dependent relations with the West, virtually ignoring specific internal developments in Middle Eastern material culture and ecology that help explain Middle Eastern history. This essay will suggest what may be learned from such studies by drawing attention to some of the relevant conclusions of works written on these subjects. It will also show how study of material culture can illuminate phases of development and decline in the Middle East and suggest some reasons why the West overtook and passed the Middle East economically.

Memories, which are subjective reconstructions of past events, reflect collectively constructed "truths" about the surrounding world, and, thus, contribute to the further construction of the image or interpretation of the past and the present. This book focuses on the topic of memory in the Middle and Far Eastern societies.

Christian Missions and Humanitarianism discusses the complex relationships between Christian missions and Humanitarianism in the Middle East (1860-1948), and how non-missionaries took over, to a certain extent, the aims and organisations of the missionaries as to humanitarianism.

New to this edition -- Part I. The advent of the modern age -- From late antiquity to the dawn of a new age -- Gunpowder empires -- The Middle East and the modern world system -- War, diplomacy, and the new global balance of power -- Documents: Evliya Chelebi : Seyahataname (1); Evliya Chelebi : Seyahataname (2); Draft Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the Ottoman Empire and France, February 1535; The travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia and the East-Indies (1); The travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia and the East-Indies (2) -- Part II. The question of modernity -- Defensive developmentalism -- Imperialism -- Wasif Jawhariyyeh and the great nineteenth-century transformation -- The life of the mind -- Secularism and modernity -- Constitutionalism -- Documents: Commercial Convention (Balta Liman) : Britain and the Ottoman Empire; The Hatt-i Sharif of Gulhane; The Islahat Fermani; The d'Arcy oil concession; Algeria : the poetry of loss; Huda Shaarawi : a new mentor and her salon for women; Rifaca Rafic al-Tahtawi : the extraction of gold or an overview of Paris; Muhammad Abduh : the theology of unity; Namik Kemal : extract from the journal Hurriyet; The supplementary Fundamental Law of 7 October 1907 -- Part III. War I and the Middle East state system -- State-building by decree -- State-building by revolution and conquest -- The invention and spread of nationalisms -- The Israeli-Palestinian conflict -- Documents: An Arab soldier in the Ottoman Army; Resolution of the Syrian General Congress at Damascus, 2 July 1919; Theodor Herzl : a solution of the Jewish question; The Balfour Declaration, 2 November 1917; Mahmud Darwish : eleven planets in the last Andalusian sky -- Part IV. The contemporary era -- The autocratic state -- Oil -- The United States and the Middle East -- Resistance -- The Arab uprisings -- Conclusion: The end of an era? -- Documents: Speech delivered by President Gamal Abd al-Nasser at Port-Said on the occasion of Victory Day on 23 December 1961; Zakaria Tamer : tigers on the tenth day -- Ali Shariati : the philosophy of history : the story of Cain and Abel -- Ayatollah Khomeini : Islamic government -- Sayyid Qutb : milestones -- Statement of the April 6 movement regarding the demands of the youth and the refusal to negotiate with any side -- Yassir al-Manawahly, The International Monetary Fund

In this study of the rise of modern Arabic, the author analyses language to document the sudden and profound transformation undergone by Middle Eastern societies under the impact of 19th century European expansion and influence

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Where the Light Is Liquid -- Killing the Caliphate -- The King's Game -- The Queen and the Rooks: America, Iran, and Egypt -- The Ottoman Bishop: Turkey -- The West's Bishop: Israel -- The Knights: China and Russia -- Afterword -- Back Cover.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Part I. Overviews -- Women's Activism in the Middle East: A Historical Perspective -- Women and Politics in the Middle East -- Women and Work in the Arab World -- The Politics of Gender and the Conundrums of Citizenship -- Part II. Country Case Studies, West to East -- State and Gender in the Maghrib -- Sex, Lies, and Television: Algerian and Moroccan Caricatures of the Gulf War -- An Interview with Heba Ra'uf Ezzat -- Women on Women: Television Feminism and Village Lives -- Sudanese Women and the Islamist State -- For the Common Good? Gender and Social Citizenship in Palestine -- Women and the Palestinian Movement: No Going Back? -- Searching for Strategies: The Palestinian Women's Movement in the New Era -- Gender and Citizenship: Considerations on the Turkish Experience -- Women in Saudi Arabia: Between Breadwinner and Domestic Icon? -- Women's Organizations in Kuwait -- The Dialectics of Fashion: Gender and Politics in Yemen -- The Political Economy of Female Employment in Postrevolutionary Iran -- Notes -- Comprehensive Bibliography -- Notes on Contributors -- Acknowledgments.

Part I -- Great Britain's covert political action in the Middle East during and after World War II -- The Anglo-French clandestine war in Syria and Lebanon, 1940-1942 -- Britain's perfidy, France's revenge, 1943-1948 -- Epilogue: "Those who pulled the strings and those who pulled the trigger" -- Part II -- List of documents -- Documents

The study of Middle Eastern women, past and present, poses a number of methodological problems, some common to Third World studies and others peculiar to the Middle East. Recent research and editorial experience lead me to some conclusions regarding research on Middle Eastern women, both historical and contemporary. The most obvious problem is that, as compared either with many other areas of Middle Eastern history or with numerous geographical areas of women's history, almost no serious scholarly historical work has been done.