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Since the first half of the twentieth century, whites have become much more accepting of the principle of racial equality even as they have continued to endorse negative racial stereotypes about African-Americans. Some scholars argue that this ambivalence has been exploited by contemporary political elites who have learned to fashion subtle racial appeals that activate these latent attitudes without appearing to violate widely held norms of racial equality. This strategy has been dubbed racial priming. In this brief article, we summarize and evaluate the work in this area, with a particular emphasis on studies that employ experimental research designs.

Since the first half of the twentieth century, whites have become much more accepting of the principle of racial equality even as they have continued to endorse negative racial stereotypes about African-Americans. Some scholars argue that this ambivalence has been exploited by contemporary political elites who have learned to fashion subtle racial appeals that activate these latent attitudes without appearing to violate widely held norms of racial equality. This strategy has been dubbed racial priming. In this brief article, we summarize & evaluate the work in this area, with a particular emphasis on studies that employ experimental research designs. Adapted from the source document.

Complete List of Contents -- Publisher's Note -- Introduction -- Contributors -- The First and Second Party Systems, 1787-1854 -- Federalist No. 10 -- George Washington's First Inaugural Address -- Thomas Jefferson to Elbridge Gerry -- Thomas Jefferson's First Inaugural Address -- Andrew Jackson to Henry Lee -- "The South in Danger" -- Kansas-Nebraska Act -- The Third Party System, 1854-96 -- "House Divided" Speech -- The Lincoln-Douglas Debates -- On the Irrepressible Conflict -- Cooper Union Address -- Abraham Lincoln's First Inaugural Address -- Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address -- President Grant's First Inaugural Address -- A Contested Election: Report to Congress on the Activities of the Ku Klux Klan -- Documents Relating to the Grant-Greeley Election of 1872 -- Samuel Tilden's Speech Conceding the Election of 1876 -- Benjamin Harrison's Speech to the Harrison League of Indianapolis -- "Cross of Gold" Speech -- The Fourth Party System, 1896-1932 -- The March of the Flag -- Platform of the Progressive Party -- The "New Freedom" -- Woodrow Wilson's Second Inaugural Address -- Warren G. Harding's "Not Nostrums, but Normalcy" Speech -- "The Destiny of America" -- Herbert Hoover on "The Constructive Side of Government" -- The National Anthem Established: The Star-Spangled Banner