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This study evaluates the consolidated financial condition and performance of local water districts (LWDs) in the Philippines. Water districts are government-owned or controlled corporations (GOCCs) tasked to construct, operate, maintain, and expand water and sanitation systems in the countryside. They are instrumental in the Philippines' objective to attain 100-percent water supply and sanitation access by 2036. National data show that the consolidated financial performance of LWDs has improved from 2009 to 2018, as reflected in their high and stable cash flows, high debt service coverage ratios, and lower debt ratios. With the aggressive spending program of the government on water infrastructure, lower debt ratios are needed to prepare LWDs to achieve the 2023 and the 2030 goals of universal access to water supply and sanitation. However, the government's spending plans are so ambitious that the current balance sheets of LWDs cannot sustain the planned investments financed through debt. The national government needs to bolster the balance sheets of LWDs by infusing fresh equity of PHP 22 billion to PHP 56 billion to achieve the Philippines' 2030 water supply and sanitation targets. The study likewise shows a significant disparity in water investments across the country's different regions, which impacts the uneven water service coverage throughout the Philippines.

This study evaluates the consolidated financial condition and performance of local water districts (LWDs) in the Philippines. Water districts are government-owned or controlled corporations (GOCCs) tasked to construct, operate, maintain, and expand water and sanitation systems in the countryside. They are instrumental in the Philippines' objective to attain 100-percent water supply and sanitation access by 2036. National data show that the consolidated financial performance of LWDs has improved from 2009 to 2018, as reflected in their high and stable cash flows, high debt service coverage ratios, and lower debt ratios. With the aggressive spending program of the government on water infrastructure, lower debt ratios are needed to prepare LWDs to achieve the 2023 and the 2030 goals of universal access to water supply and sanitation. However, the government's spending plans are so ambitious that the current balance sheets of LWDs cannot sustain the planned investments financed through debt. The national government needs to bolster the balance sheets of LWDs by infusing fresh equity of PHP 22 billion to PHP 56 billion to achieve the Philippines' 2030 water supply and sanitation targets. The study likewise shows a significant disparity in water investments across the country's different regions, which impacts the uneven water service coverage throughout the Philippines.

This paper presents the results of testing surfacings produced by LMD (Laser MetalDeposition) laser deposition technology at different laser beam parameters. On the surface layer ofrectangular-shaped samples made of 1.4923 steel, multiwall surfacing was produced from HS6-5-2cpowder with different degrees of coverage. As part of the laser deposition verification and testing,surface topography, microstructure and hardness tests were carried out in the deposition zone, heataffectedzone and the zone of the parent material. The surface of the surfacing and the microstructurein cross-section were observed on an optical microscope with fibre-optic image transmission. Hardnessmeasurements were made in the cross-section of the sample using a Vickers FLC-50A hardness tester.Based on the observations, it was found that the obtained surfacings have a regular and repeatableshape. There were no welding defects on the surfaces of the produced surfacings and in the zoneof fusion of the surfacing material with the substrate material. The hardness of the surfacings wasobtained in the range of 500-700 HV0.1. The produced surfacings by LMD technology were subjectedto erosion resistance tests, which showed significantly higher (about 5. times) resistance to erosionwear of the produced surface layers (surfacings based on HS6-5-2c powder) in comparison with thesubstrate material, i.e. steel 1.4923.Keywords: steel 1.4923, HS6-5-2c alloy powder, LMD laser deposition, surface layer, depositiongeometry, chemical composition, microstructure, hardness, erosion