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Climate change and agricultural production are processes characterised by substantial mutual influence. Global warming threatens the productivity of agricultural production and food security on a global scale. The purpose of the study is to develop practical adaptation strategies for the impact of climate change and natural disasters on agroeconomic processes. The study uses general scientific methods of cognition: system analysis and synthesis, concretisation, deduction, generalisation, abstraction, and formalisation. In the course of the study, the main factors of the impact of climate change on the agroeconomic sector of production are identified, preventive measures and measures to level climate risks are systematised. Based on the conducted research, a system of tools is developed as part of the strategy for adapting agriculture to climate change and natural phenomena, and the main approaches to assessing the cost of natural disasters for agroeconomics are recommended. The main measures to optimise the ecological and economic situation in the agronomic sector in the context of global warming and effective measures to prevent large-scale losses are developed. The results obtained can be used to conduct research on the dynamics of economic processes during global climate change, develop an appropriate adaptation strategy at the regional and national levels, and form an integrated approach to assessing the cost of natural disasters.

The article presents the mineralogical and geochemical features of the types and grades of ores of the porphyry copper deposit Kalmakyr. The chemical, mass spectrometric results of analyzes of selected samples are given. When describing polished sections, ore minerals and their structural and textural features were established. The polyformation and potential ore content of the rocks of the deep horizons of the Kalmakyr deposit was revealed. It has been determined that the change of copper mineralization with depth to copper-molybdenum is due to the change of diorite by monzonitoids. Gold and silver ores appear to be superimposed, young, and associated with basic-felsic dykes.

We propose mission engineering and analysis to examine and develop viable solutions for complex issues. Systems engineering addresses technological and managerial challenges in the design and development of physical and virtual systems. The military decision process is a recognized method to develop a mission plan. The structure of mission engineering and analysis establishes the military planning process as its backbone, while systems engineering techniques serve as the internal controls and mechanisms. Scenario methodologies, modeling and simulation, hierarchical and value-focused thinking are systems engineering tools that shape the system of interest. This paper explains our ideas for creating a robust framework for tackling multidimensional problems. Mission engineering and analysis offers a holistic view of a system's development as part of a larger system. It begins with the combat mission that the system would support and ends with the system's integration in to operational unit that would apply it to achieve the mission. The process treats the system acquisition process as a sub-system. Previous methods have seen the operational mission as a start point. We designate the mission and mission plan, which may include weapon system development, as the complete system of interest. In doing so, we seek to deliver more robust and capable military and non-military systems, A notional implementation of mission engineering and analysis to assist fledgling countries conceptualize and develop solutions for border security issues captures the ideas presented in this paper.

Abstract Background The Government of Tajikistan is reforming its health system to make access more equitable. Nonetheless, out-of-pocket expenditures (OPE) remain a key modality for purchasing health care. Drugs remain a major driver of household expenditures for health. We conducted a household survey to investigate drug prescribing patterns at primary health care (PHC) level as well as the related OPE. Methods Adult patients in eight districts who had visited a PHC facility in the period March to May 2014 were interviewed at home, using a structured questionnaire. A descriptive analysis was conducted and regression models were constructed to identify factors influencing the number of drugs provided and the types of drugs prescribed. Results There were 1281 (80.1 %) patients who received a drug prescription after visiting a doctor at PHC level. 16.2 % of them had five or more drugs prescribed concomitantly. The number of drugs prescribed to patients ranged from 0 to 8 and was statistically different across regions (RRS region =3.3; Khatlon region = 3.1; p = 0.05), after adjusting for age and sex. In 31.1 % of cases, prescriptions included an intra-venous (IV) injection; in 45.6 % of cases, a non-IV injection; in 52.9 % of cases, an antibiotic; and in 61.0 % of cases, vitamins. Patients suffering from a respiratory disease had higher odds of being prescribed an IV injection and antibiotics. Vitamins were widely prescribed across all diseases. In 94.5 % of cases, the patients interviewed procured at least one of the prescribed drugs. Among those who received a prescription, 2.0 % were not able to procure at least one drug due to a lack of money. In 94.9 % of cases, respondents reported purchasing drugs in private pharmacies. Median expenditures for drugs procured following consultation were 45 TS (US$ 6.9) corresponding to 77.6 % of total expenditures related to the visit (58 TS, US$ 8.8). Conclusions In a context where OPE are important, drugs represent an important income source for health service providers. Such a situation does not favour rational prescribing nor efficient service delivery, and is potentially harmful for patients. In particular, the economic ramifications cause high levels of expenditure for patients and households with detrimental, knock-on effects in the more vulnerable segments of the population.

Relevance of the investigated topic is determined by the fact that modern historiography considers the society not only as a receptor but also as independent actor with its own purposes, ideas and interests. The study of society, which is under emergency conditions (wars, revolutions, etc.), is especially interesting for historians and other social sciences researchers. The investigation of historical experience of power and society interaction in Russia can be interesting under modern Russian conditions. The object of the given article is modern Russian historiography of World War I. The article aims to characterize the modern Russian historical literature, which deals with the power and society interaction in Russia in 1914-1917 (from the beginning of World War until the February Revolution in Russia). The authors describe the impact not only internal (source study, methodology) but also external (social and political aspect) factors on historiography. They made a conclusion that modern Russian historians consider the power and society interaction from two main points of view (social and political spheres), describe it as generally constructive and emphasize that at one point collaboration was replaced by confrontation (especially in the political sphere). In modern Russian historiography, there are controversial opinions about some problems (for example, who initiated the interaction: power or society). The materials of the article can be helpful for historians, university professors, teachers, who deal with problems of history of Russian historical science and Russian history of early XX century.

In accordance with the present article the possibilities of the practical application of the entrepreneurs categorization and ranking methods performed in the field of the pharmaceuticals are presented. The mentioned methods are aimed at the descriptive market modelling, therein the model obtained is based unto the formal indicia of the drugs included in the uniform therapeutic profile of the entrepreneurs' product portfolios. The method proposed is characterized with the high level of the representativeness, since the raw data utilized are fully open sourced and reliable, allow the target product of the each organization identification, and the data sources are the corresponding federal government agencies. As a result of the categorization analysis performed, the generalized understanding of the entrepreneurs' R&D competences in the field of the Russian antidiabetic drugs market is obtained. ; В соответствии с настоящей статьей представлены возможности практического использования методов категоризации и ранжирования конкурирующих организаций применительно к области фармацевтики. Указанные методы нацелены на получение описательной модели рынка, основанной на формальных характеристиках лекарственных препаратов, входящих в однородный терапевтический профиль продуктовых портфелей этих организаций. Предложенный метод характеризуется высоким уровнем репрезентативности, так как используемые в нем исходные данные являются полностью открытыми и достоверными, идентифицируют целевые продукты организации, а источником этих данных являются патентные и регистрационные документы, представляемые соответствующими федеральными органами исполнительной власти. В результате категориального анализа исследуемых организаций было получено обобщенное представление об имеющихся у организаций компетенциях в области разработки и вывода на российский рынок лекарственных препаратов, применяемых при диабете.

The agriculture sector is a sphere, which importance grows year by year, with grow-ing populations and the need to ensure food security and sustainable rural development in the world and in each country in particular. In addition, environmental conservation and climate change are also the responsibility of agricultural authori-ties. Decisions need to be taken both domestically and globally, for this to happen, each country's government and global Unions and Commissions must function. Also important are the general aspects of the modern world that include globaliza-tion, the introduction of innovations, financing, vector to provide industries with highly qualified personnel, the possibility of dialogue between the state and socie-ty. The aim of the work is to study government in the field of agriculture sector of various countries. This article is based on the analysis of government in the field of agriculture in different countries, the study of the problems and ways of solving emerging issues by these departments. The article focused on aspects of the transi-tion to the digital economy (in particular, digital government) and the problem of retaining personnel in rural areas. The review of many governments has revealed that, despite different power structures, climatic and social conditions, the agricul-tural sector functions and is managed uniformly. Decisions are made at several levels, namely regional, domestic and global. The main governing bodies are the Departments of Agriculture of the countries, which interact with various sectoral organizations and civil society. They all report to the Government, and most coun-tries are members of international Unions and Commissions to discuss global is-sues and perspectives. All available means, including digital innovation and the assistance of skilled personnel, should be used for the success and development of all governments, in fact, precisely these aspects are the most relevant areas of pub-lic administration development.

The authors for the first time introduce into scientific circulation the materials of newspapers of the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia of the period of the First World War in Russian and Armenian. The authors pose the problems of the ethnopsycholinguistic spectrum in the study of forced military migration, which gives an understanding of the inner experience of a military migrant, a refugee in chronotope. The authors focus on the verbal markers of the personality profile of a forced military migrant, which was reflected in the press ofthat time.