Suchergebnisse

The Helsinki Final Act of 1975, that concluded the first Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, reaffirmed the fundamental principle of renouncing the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state. Through this agreement, the Soviet Union gained the implicit recognition of the 'sphere of influence' that was determined in Eastern Europe after the end of World War II. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a series of conflicts arose between the Russian Federation and its neighbors, some of which are members of the European Union or participate in the European Neighbourhood Policy. Some of these conflicts were fought at the kinetic level, some otherthrough the resort to hybrid warfare, a blend of traditional and irregular tactics that makes overt and covert use of a wide range of tools: military and civilian, conventional and unconventional, including information and influence operations. This paper aims to investigate the hybrid warfare strategy carried out by the Russian Federation in the confrontation with the European Union to regain dominance in its contested neighbourhood: the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), Ukraine (Crimea and Donbass, i.e. Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics), Georgia (South Ossetia and Abkhazia) and Moldova (Transnistria).

The aim of this essay is to highlight the role of propaganda during the conflicts in the contemporary age, particularly during the two World Wars. The propaganda developed during two major conflicts of the '900 as a true 'weapon' and instrument of government policy in international relations, has perfected the techniques of 'news management', and today is a real and relished 'art' applied to guide public opinion in favor of government decisions. ; Published as Marco Manuel Marsili. First published in Vozes dos Vales, No. 7–Year IV (05/2015) - Pesquisas Doutorais

The aim of this essay is to highlight the role of propaganda during the conflicts in the contemporary age, particularly during the two World Wars. The propaganda developed during two major conflicts of the '900 as a true 'weapon' and instrument of government policy in international relations, has perfected the techniques of 'news management', and today is a real and relished 'art' applied to guide public opinion in favor of government decisions.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming one of the most important technologies of our time (OSCE, 2019) and is one of the most important economic and social developments in history, characterized as the lynchpin of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Schwab, 2017). Military applications of AI are pushing forward the capacity for warfare and will transform its nature. Military robots that incorporate AI will play a greater role in the future (Cummings, 2017). A future battle might be 'algorithms vs. algorithms', with the best algorithm victorious. The European Union (EU) is also taking action on AI. ; This poster was supported by the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) under grant No. SFRH/BD/136170/2018.

Report of the Working Group on Civil Violence and Civil War at the Civil Resistance International Workshop ; Report presented by Working Group D – When might civil violence, even civil war, be justified? at the International Graduate Workshop "Civil Resistance – How Peoples, Ideas and Movements can change Politics", held online on 5–7 October 2021, organized by Oxford University, Göttingen University, Stiftung Adam von Trott, Imshausen e.V.