Suchergebnisse

How a country responds to a rupture such as the COVID-19 pandemic can be revelatory of its governance. Governance entails not only the exercise but also the constitution of authority. The pandemic response thus presents a real-world disruption to verify or problematize some truisms about national governance and produce novel comparisons and insights. We present a comparative analysis across four established democratic nation-states. First, we identify concerns of relevance for national pandemic responses and map them to state characteristics. Next, we conduct thematic analyses of recent ruptures in India, the United States, Sweden and Norway, to form a baseline of truisms about governance responses to frontier moments such as this pandemic, and hypothesize their relative propensities across the concerns. We then compile comparative data on emergent pandemic responses during the first 90 days of respective, temporally proximate outbreaks. This combination enables us to link response characteristics to national propensities across the relevant concerns. We identify similarities and differences between what the pandemic responses reveal and the truisms of scholarship about the four countries state characteristics. We argue that ruptures in democratic governance contexts embody temporally discontiguous and country-specific patterns. They are conjunctures of particular possibilities for bounded reconfiguration. Such reconfiguration can intensify or shift the course of what the state is becoming. We argue that in our cases it accelerates shifts to authoritarianism (India and the United States), raises stark questions of national identity (Norway and Sweden) and underscores tensions between the reemergence of welfare states and the global project of neoliberalism. By revealing what sort of rules show resurgence across ruptures, our comparative analysis deepens a timely understanding of punctuated politics of reconfiguration of authority.

OBJECTIVES: Characterisation of worker injuries on board merchant ships is modest. Using telemedical service contacts in Denmark, we describe the worker injuries patterns and factors related to injury incidence. METHODS: The data for this study were based on contacts (n=1401) from ships to Telemedical Assistance Service (TMAS) in Denmark in 2004–2014, which were supplemented with data on the annual estimation of all seafarers from the Danish Maritime Authority (n=73 336). The final data included information on broad age groups, occupation and nationality. The outcomes were injuries from any cause and six broad categories of injuries characterised by anatomic location or type of injury. RESULTS: During the observation period of 11 years, there were 1401 contacts to TMAS due to injuries, of which 36% were in upper limb, 18% in lower limb and 13% in the head. Age-adjusted incidence rates for all injuries varied between 13.6 and 26.8 incidences per 1000 person-years in 2004–2014. In most types of injuries, younger and older seafarers had higher risk for injuries than seafarers aged 30–49 years. Depending on the type of injury, non-officers had threefold to fivefold increased odds of injuries compared with officers, the risk being highest for head injuries with an OR of 5.00 (95% CI 3.19 to 7.83). Non-officers from the European Union (EU) had higher risk in most types of injuries than non-officers from outside the EU, whereas the pattern of this risk was inverse among officers. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that non-officers and European seafarers have an increased risk for several types of injuries on board Danish-flagged merchant ships. Additionally, age affected risk with the younger (50 years) seafarers having increased risk.

A sample of 3,201 Danes was subjected to personal interviews in which they were asked to state their preferences for risk‐reducing health care interventions based on information on absolute risk reduction (ARR) and relative risk reduction (RRR). The aim of the study was to measure the relative weighting of different types of risk information under various circumstances. The effect of presenting questions, and of explicitly formulating RRR, was analyzed. A preference for increases in RRR was demonstrated. There was a stronger inclination to choose the intervention that offered the highest RRR if RRR was explicitly stated. Individuals with more than 10 years of schooling also demonstrated a preference for increased ARR, but only when facing individually framed choices. In a social choice context, preferences for RRR remained intact, but the magnitude of ARR had no impact on choices. Results imply that social framing may induce a propensity to prefer interventions that target high‐risk populations. Those respondents who had received ≤10 years of schooling demonstrated preferences for RRR but not ARR, and no impact of social framing was observed.

This paper analyses the effects of cuts in the marginal tax rates on income from labour and capital on the macroeconomy and on the intergenerational distribution of welfare in a small open economy. For this purpose we set up a computable general equilibrium model incorporating overlapping generations, imperfect competition in the labour market, accumulation of housing and business capital, and a public pension system. We find that a revenue-neutral cut in the marginal labour tax rate yields a Pareto-improvement, whereas a fall in the capital income tax rate tends to benefit the current older generations as well as future generations at the expense of generations entering the economy in the years around the time of the reform. However, by preannouncing the cut in the capital income tax rate, the welfare losses for the young generations can be almost eliminated.

There has been a widespread shift to electronic ways of conducting business that has transformed existing relationships between governments, governments and citizens, and governments and business. This move to electronic interactions is supported by new busi- ness systems that streamline and automate transactions, enable integration of information and service delivery and enhance collaboration between participants. Such changes in the way government business is carried out have significant implications for how public ad- ministrations document their activities and make that information available to both gov- ernment and citizens to aid future decision making and accountability. Because digital rec- ords are particularly vulnerable to technological obsolescence and media decay, ensuring future access to the information created by government is a challenging issue for all juris- dictions. This paper focus on the E-ARK project, a European endeavour to standardise and create tools for consistently transferring digital records between business systems and digi- tal archives. The E-ARK approach has the potential to simplify and make consistent diverse approaches to solving the issue of how to transfer information between the ICT systems in use in government, and the archives charged with the responsibility for ongoing and man- agement of the information considered to be of long-term significance. ; This work was co-funded by KEEP SOLUTIONS, ...

This paper analyses the effects of cuts in the marginal tax rates on income from labour and capital on the macroeconomy and on the intergenerational distribution of welfare in a small open economy. For this purpose we set up a computable general equilibrium model incorporating overlapping generations, imperfect competition in the labour market, accumulation of housing and business capital, and a public pension system. We find that a revenue-neutral cut in the marginal labour tax rate yields a Pareto-improvement, whereas a fall in the capital income tax rate tends to benefit the current older generations as well as future generations at the expense of generations entering the economy in the years around the time of the reform. However, by preannouncing the cut in the capital income tax rate, the welfare losses for the young generations can be almost eliminated.

Deep learning (DL) is an exciting field of interest for many researchers and business. Due to a massive leap in DL based research, many domains like Business, science and government sectors make use of DL for various applications. This work puts forward the importance of DL and its application in a few critical electrical segments. Initially, an introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) is presented. Then the need for DL and the popular architectures, algorithms and frameworks used are presented. A summary of different techniques used in DL is outlined, and finally, a review on the application of deep learning techniques in some popular electrical applications is presented. Five critical electrical applications, namely identification of bearing faults, hot spots on the surface of PV panels, insulator faults, an inspection of power lines and Electric vehicles have been considered for review in this work. The primary aim of this work is to present chronologically, a survey of different areas in which it applies DL along with their architectures, frameworks and techniques to provide a deeper understanding of DL for widespread use in real-time applications.

Deep learning (DL) is an exciting field of interest for many researchers and business. Due to a massive leap in DL based research, many domains like Business, science and government sectors make use of DL for various applications. This work puts forward the importance of DL and its application in a few critical electrical segments. Initially, an introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) is presented. Then the need for DL and the popular architectures, algorithms and frameworks used are presented. A summary of different techniques used in DL is outlined, and finally, a review on the application of deep learning techniques in some popular electrical applications is presented. Five critical electrical applications, namely identification of bearing faults, hot spots on the surface of PV panels, insulator faults, an inspection of power lines and Electric vehicles have been considered for review in this work. The primary aim of this work is to present chronologically, a survey of different areas in which it applies DL along with their architectures, frameworks and techniques to provide a deeper understanding of DL for widespread use in real-time applications.

Abstract
Consolidation leading to retention of motor memory following motor practice involves activity-dependent plastic processes in the corticospinal system. To investigate whether beta-band transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) applied immediately following skill acquisition can enhance ongoing consolidation processes and thereby motor skill retention 20 adults participated in a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled study. Participants received tACS at peak beta-band corticomuscular coherence (CMC) frequency or sham tACS for 10 min following practice of a visuomotor ankle dorsiflexion task. Performance was measured as the average percentage time on target. Electroencephalograhy (EMG) was measured at Cz and EMG from the right tibialis anterior muscle. CMC and intramuscular coherence (IMC) were estimated during 2-min tonic dorsiflexion. Motor skill retention was tested 1 and 7 days after motor practice. From the end of motor practice to the retention tests, motor performance improved more in the tACS group compared with the sham tACS group after 1 (P = 0.05) and 7 days (P < 0.001). At both retention tests, beta-band IMC increased in the tACS group compared with post-tACS. Beta-band CMC increased in the tACS group at retention day 1 compared with post-tACS. Changes in CMC but not IMC were correlated with performance 1 and 7 days following practice. This study shows that tACS applied at beta-band CMC frequency improves consolidation following visuomotor practice and increases beta-band CMC and IMC. We propose that oscillatory beta activity in the corticospinal system may facilitate consolidation of the motor skill.

Clean and environment-friendly energy harvesting are of prime interest today as it is one of the key enablers in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as accelerates social progress and enhances living standards. India, the second-most populous nation with a population of 1.353 billion, is one of the largest consumers of fossil fuels in the world which is responsible for global warming. An ever-increasing population is projected until 2050, and consequently, the energy demand in the upcoming decades will be co-accelerated by the rapid industrial growth. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) with the support of National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog is working to achieve the Indian Government's target of attaining 175 GW through renewable energy resources. Many Indian states are currently increasing their renewable energy capacity in an objective to meet future energy demand. The review paper discusses in-depth about the three Indian states, namely Karnataka, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, which pioneers the renewable energy production in India. The global energy scenario was discussed in detail with Indian contrast. Further, the barriers to the development of renewable energy generation and policies of the Indian government are discussed in detail to promote renewable energy generation throughout India as well as globally since the challenges are similar for other nations. This study analyzed various prospects of the country in renewable energy which has been done in a purpose to help the scholars, researchers, and policymakers of the nation, as it gives an insight into the present renewable energy scenario of the country.

Indian democracy has often been characterized as "a puzzle" that "defies theories". But any theory on democratic practice will need to take into account the world's largest democracy. We assert that Indian democracy is maturing with its own practices. Most prominent is its diversity. As a set of institutions, Indian democracy is crafted on to the country's diverse and heterogeneous society, encompassing a great many differing practices. The contributors to this volume investigate democratic practice in different corners of India and at different levels. The differences in political culture and participation between the Centre and the states and among the states themselves reveal the heterogeneous nature of the Indian State. Equally important is the role these differences play in policy making (including foreign policy), and the weight given to them by politicians seeking popular support. Even at the local level we find strikingly diverging perceptions of what democracy means to different groups, and this will help us understand the complexities of popular expectations. These features all form part of the challenges the Indian State faces with increased popular mobilization and democratic participation.

[Context] The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is observing bright known planet-host stars across almost the entire sky. These stars have been subject to extensive ground-based observations, providing a large number of radial velocity measurements. ; AHMJT and MRS have benefited from funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 803193/BEBOP). Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (Grant agreement no.: DNRF106). ZÇO, MY, and SÖ acknowledge the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜB˙TAK:118F352). AS acknowledges support from grants ESP2017-82674-R (MICINN) and 2017-SGR-1131 (Generalitat Catalunya). TLC acknowledges support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 792848 (PULSATION). This work was supported by FCT/MCTES through national funds (UID/FIS/04434/2019). MD is supported by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) by this grant UID/FIS/04434/2019. MD and MV are supported by FEDER - Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização by these grants: UID/FIS/04434/2019; PTDC/FIS-AST/30389/2017 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030389 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER03038. MD is supported in the form of a work contract funded by national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT). SM acknowledges support by the Spanish Ministry with the Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC-2015-17697. BM and RAG acknowledge the support of the CNES/PLATO grant. DLB and LC acknowledge support from the TESS GI Program under awards 80NSSC18K1585 and 80NSSC19K0385. LGC thanks the support from grant FPI-SO from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) (research project SEV-2015-0548-17-2 and predoctoral contract BES-2017-082610). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by the NASA Explorer Program. Based in part on data acquired at the Anglo-Australian Telescope. We acknowledge the traditional owners of the land on which the AAT stands, the Gamilaraay people, and pay our respects to elders past and present. The data presented herein were in part obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community.