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Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Everett C. Hughes-An Appreciation -- PART I. The World of Work -- 1. Sociological Perspectives on Occupations -- 2. Reorganization and Accommodation: A Case in Industry -- 3. The Impurity of Professional Authority -- 4. Human Relations versus Management -- 5. The Union-Organizing Campaign as a Problem of Social Distance: Three Crucial Dimensions of Affiliation-Disaffiliation -- PART II. Racial and Cultural Contacts -- 6. "We Distinguish-They Discriminate": Observations on Race Relations -- 7. French-Canadian Engineers -- 8. The Silent Sufferers: The Lecturer's Role in Student Unrest in India -- 9. The Enemies of the People -- 10. On Language and Culture -- PART III. Organizations -- 11. Internal Differentiation and the Establishment of Organizations -- 12. Crisis in an Institutional Network: Community Health Care -- 13. Innovation in Higher Education: Notes on Student and Faculty Encounters in Three New Colleges -- 14. The Informal Organization of the Army: A Sociological Memoir -- 15. The Phoenix and the Ashes -- PART IV. Institutions and the Person -- 16. Occupational Commitment and the Teaching Profession -- 17. Professional Socialization as Subjective Experience: The Process of Doctrinal Conversion among Student Nurses -- 18. Shared Ordeal and Induction to Work -- 19. Some Neglected Properties of Status Passage -- 20. History, Culture, and Subjective Experience: An Exploration of the Social Bases of Drug-Induced Experiences -- PART V. Problems of Method -- 21. The Neglected Situation -- 22. The Participant-Observer as a Human Being: Observations on the Personal Aspects of Field Work -- 23. Asking Questions Cross-Culturally: Some Problems of Linguistic Comparability -- 24. Issues in Holistic Research -- 25. Stuff and Nonsense about Social Surveys and Observation

The purpose of this study was to identify plasma metabolites associated with superior endurance running performance. In 2016, participants at the Western States Endurance Run (WSER), a 100-mile (161-km) foot race, underwent non-targeted metabolomic testing of their post-race plasma. Metabolites associated with faster finish times were identified. Based on these results, runners at the 2017 WSER underwent targeted metabolomics testing, including lipidomics and choline levels. The 2017 participants' plasma metabolites were correlated with finish times and compared with non-athletic controls. In 2016, 427 known molecules were detected using non-targeted metabolomics. Four compounds, all phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were associated with finish time (False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.05). All were higher in faster finishers. In 2017, using targeted PC analysis, multiple PCs, measured pre- and post-race, were higher in faster finishers (FDR < 0.05). The majority of PCs was noted to be higher in runners (both pre- and post-race) than in controls (FDR < 0.05). Runners had higher choline levels pre-race compared to controls (p < 0.0001), but choline level did not differ significantly from controls post-race (p = 0.129). Choline levels decreased between the start and the finish of the race (p < 0.0001). Faster finishers had lower choline levels than slower finishers at the race finish (p = 0.028).

We developed and evaluated a military-focused HIV prevention intervention to enhance HIV risk-reduction knowledge, motivation, and behaviors among Angolan soldiers. Twelve bases were randomly assigned to HIV prevention or control conditions, yielding 568 participants. HIV prevention participants received training in preventing HIV (4.5 days) and malaria (0.5 days). Control participants received the reverse. Monthly booster sessions were available after each intervention. We assessed participants at baseline, three and six months after the training. HIV prevention participants reported greater condom use and less unprotected anal sex at three months, as well as greater HIV-related knowledge and perceived vulnerability at three and six months. Within-group analyses showed HIV prevention participants increased condom use, reduced unprotected vaginal sex, and reduced numbers of partners at both follow-ups, while control participants improved on some outcomes at three months only. A military-focused HIV prevention intervention may increase HIV-related knowledge, motivation, and risk reduction among African soldiers.