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Founded in 1690 as an entrepôt by the English East India Company, Calcutta has been at the intersection of a number of heterogeneous long- and short-range networks of trade, finance, diplomacy, law, crafts and learning. This article explores the history of the first century of its existence during which it grew from insignificance to become the second most important city of the British Empire. During this period Calcutta also emerged as a world-city of scientific knowledge making in botany, geology, geodesy, map-making, geography, history, linguistics and ethnology. Calcutta thus provides an excellent case study of the co-construction of knowledge and urbanity in the early modern context of globalisation. As a contact zone between different ethnic, professional and religious communities, each with their specific knowledge practices, this article shows that new forms of knowledge, many at the heart of the second scientific revolution, were produced in this city through attempts at recognising and managing difference in this cosmopolitan context.

Mental discipline in education / E.L. Youmans -- On the study of physics / J. Tyndall -- On the study of botany / A. Henfrey -- On the study of zoology / T.H. Huxley -- On the study of physiology / J. Paget -- On the education of the judgment / [M.] Faraday -- On the educational history of science / W. Whewell -- On the study of economic science / W.B. Hodgson --On political education / H. Spencer -- On early mental training / F.A.P. Barnard -- On the development of ideas / J. von Liebig -- On the scientific study of human nature / E.L. Youmans -- Appendix and extracts. ; Mode of access: Internet.

As wolf populations expand across Europe, many countries face challenges in finding ways to address the concerns of some elements among the rural stakeholders who are being asked to share their landscapes with wolves for the first time in several generations. In these recovery landscapes, wolves are associated with a wide range of conflicts that include economic, psychological, perceptional, social, cultural and political dimensions. A recurring demand concerns the desire to introduce the use of carefully regulated lethal control of wolves, through either culling by state employees or hunting conducted by rural hunters. Introducing such measures can be very controversial, and many critics challenge their legality under the international wildlife conservation instruments that have nurtured wolf recovery. We evaluate this issue for the case of wolves in Norway, which are strictly protected under the Bern Convention. Drawing on the latest results of social science research, we present the multiple lines of argumentation that are often used to justify killing wolves and relate these to the criteria for exceptions that exist under the Bern Convention. We conclude that while the Convention provides apparent scope for allowing the killing of wolves as a means to address conflicts, this must be clearly justified and proportional to the conservation status of wolves so as to not endanger their recovery. ; publishedVersion

Agricultural Biotechnology and the Sustainable Development GoalsKathleen HefferonExploring New Organizational Concepts for Agriculture in the BioeconomyDavide ViaggiAssessing the Potential of Agro- and Bio-based Industries in Transition Economies: Needs and Opportunities in the Case of GreeceEmmanuel KoukiosIPRs to Innovation are as Bioeconomy to Sustainable Development: but how are all of these interconnected?Dhanay Cadillo ChandlerCross-fertilization between human, veterinary and plant-derived vaccines: One Health and global patent landscape in Vaccinology 4.0Cristina PossasPotential of Ecosystem Services in an Agro-based Bioeconomy: the Traditional Vietnamese Integrated Farming System VACPetra SchneiderOn the Sustainability of Direct-Seeded RiceSerge SvizzeroIntegrated Bio-cycles Management for Harmonization of Agri-Based Bio-socio-economy Aspect in Tropical Natural ResourcesCahyono AgusA paradigm shift towards sustainability -- Utilizing agricultural waste as a valuable resource in various agricultural endeavorsM.B. BrownCompost and compost tea from on-farm composted agro-wastes improve the sustainability of horticultural organic cropping systemsUgo De CoratoCultural, economical and environmental impact of Conservation and Sustainable Exploitation Management Areas (UMA) of freshwater turtles in Tabasco MexicoÁngel Sol SánchezInnovation to produce basic food in recycled containers in saline soils of the coast of Tabasco, MexicoGloria I. Hernández MelchorA comprehensive review of commercial production of microbial fertilizersMansour GhorbanpourMicrobial Solubilizers of Rock-Forming Minerals: Opportunities and ChallengesJulio Alves Cardoso FilhoAdvances In Creation And Development Of Bacteriophage Collections. Viral Genomes Resources For Biotechnology And AgricultureGalina Novik The interaction between microorganisms and soil processes and their effects on nutrient availability and plant productionMansour GhorbanpourAgricultural Bioeconomy and Sustainable Proposals for TurkeyIrfan Kalaycı Utilization of Agricultural Waste in Agro-based Biogas Production and Sustainable DevelopmentManoj K. ChitaraSecreted antigens of bacilli: the methodology for immunochemical investigation of dynamics of concentration per bacterial cellE.P. KiselevaIncreasing the tolerance of water deficit stress in plants with integrated application of organic and inorganic fertilizersBehnam Asgari Lajayer

Introduction / A.J.H. Latham -- An interview with Peter Mathias / A.J.H. Latham -- Barges and bargemasters on the thames in the eighteenth century / H.I.H. Crown Prince Naruhito -- Edo and water / H.I.H. Crown Prince Naruhito -- Consuming plants : botany and consumer society / Toshio Kusamitsu -- Invisible links : maritime trade between Japan and South Asia in the early modern period / Ryuto Shimada -- Knowledge and use of Japanese by the Dutch on Dejima Island, Nagasaki / L.M. Cullen -- India's role in the industrial revolution / Heita Kawakatsu -- India and the emergence of the international economy : a synopsis / A.J.H. Latham -- Steamship competition in Asia in the late nineteenth century : Britain and the United States / Masami Kita -- Reorganization of the mixed court system in Shanghai, 1906-1913 / Eiichi Motono -- The dispute over the quality of rice exports from Siam to Europe in the 1920s / Toshiyuki Miyata -- Japan's economic diplomacy in colonial Africa during the inter-war period : Japanese consular reports / Katsuhiko Kitagawa

Background Indigenous populations are undergoing rapid ethnobiological, nutritional and socioeconomic transitions while being increasingly integrated into modernizing societies. To better understand the dynamics of these transitions, this article aims to characterize the cultural domain of food plants and analyze its relation with current day diets, and the local perceptions of changes given amongst the Ngäbe people of Southern Conte-Burica, Costa Rica, as production of food plants by its residents is hypothesized to be drastically in recession with an decreased local production in the area and new conservation and development paradigms being implemented. Methods Extensive freelisting, interviews and workshops were used to collect the data from 72 participants on their knowledge of food plants, their current dietary practices and their perceptions of change in local foodways, while cultural domain analysis, descriptive statistical analyses and development of fundamental explanatory themes were employed to analyze the data. Results Results show a food plants domain composed of 140 species, of which 85 % grow in the area, with a medium level of cultural consensus, and some age-based variation. Although many plants still grow in the area, in many key species a decrease on local production–even abandonment–was found, with much reduced cultivation areas. Yet, the domain appears to be largely theoretical, with little evidence of use; and the diet today is predominantly dependent on foods bought from the store (more than 50 % of basic ingredients), many of which were not salient or not even recognized as 'food plants' in freelists exercises. While changes in the importance of food plants were largely deemed a result of changes in cultural preferences for store bought processed food stuffs and changing values associated with farming and being food self-sufficient, Ngäbe were also aware of how changing household livelihood activities, and the subsequent loss of knowledge and use of food plants, were in fact being driven by changes in social and political policies, despite increases in forest cover and biodiversity. Conclusions Ngäbe foodways are changing in different and somewhat disconnected ways: knowledge of food plants is varied, reflecting most relevant changes in dietary practices such as lower cultivation areas and greater dependence on food from stores by all families. We attribute dietary shifts to socioeconomic and political changes in recent decades, in particular to a reduction of local production of food, new economic structures and agents related to the State and globalization.

The national importance of chemistry, by W.J. Pope.--Physical research and the way of its application by W.H. Bragg.--The modern science of metals, pure and applied, by W. Rosenhain.--Mathematics in relation to pure and applied science, by E.W. Hobson.-- The science of botany and the art of intensive cultivation, by F.W. Keeble.--Science in forestry, by W. Dawson.--Systematized plant-breeding, by R.H. Biffen.--An agricultural war problem, by T.B. Wood.--Geology as an economic science, by H.H. Thomas.--Medicine and experimental science, by F.G. Hopkins.--The "specific treatment" of disease, by G.H.F. Nuttall.--Flies and disease, by G.S. Graham-Smith.--The government of subject peoples, by W.H.R. Rivers. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Wastes as construction materials; Wastes as fuels; Waste treatment technologies; MSW management; Recycling of wastes and materials recovery; Environmental, economic and social aspects in waste management; Life cycle assessment; Circular economy and wastes refineries; Logistics, policies, regulatory constraints and markets in waste management.

New Technologies Contribution on the Agrifood Sector for Achieving Circular Economy Goals / Christina Kleisiari, Leonidas-Sotirios Kyrgiakos, Panos Pardalos, and George Vlontzos -- Dimensionality Reduction Techniques for High-dimensional Data in Precision Agriculture / Mostafa Reisi-Gahrooei James A. Whitehurst, Yiannis Ampatzidis and Panos Pardalos -- Modelling Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Mediterranean Agricultural Ecosystems / Javier Martínez-Vega, Samir Mili and Marta Gallardo -- Farmers' Perceptions Towards Social-economic Sustainability: A Case Study of the Karla Basin / Chatzipetrou Chrysafo-Anna, Christos T. Nakas, George Vlontzos -- Advanced Crop Protection Techniques and Technologies / Athanasios T. Balafoutis, Charikleia K. Kavroumatzi, Michail Moraitis, Konstantinos Vaiopoulos, Nikos Mylonas, Yiannis Ampatzidis, Dimitris I. Tsitsigiannis, Spyros Fountas, Dionysis Bochtis -- Remote Sensing in Agricultural Production Assessment / Nicolas R. Dalezios and Ioannis N. Faraslis -- Integrating Agriculture-related Data Provided by Thematic Networks into a High Impact Knowledge Reservoir / Hercules Panoutsopoulos, Borja Espejo Garcia, Philip E.G. Verbist, Spyros Fountas, Pieter Spanoghe and Christopher Brewster.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- A Study on Sustainability of Governance Structures in the Bulgarian Agribusiness Sector -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Farm as Governance Structure -- Towards a More Precise Definition of Farm Sustainability -- Framework for Assessing the Sustainability of Governing Structures in Bulgarian Agriculture -- Study Method and Surveyed Farms -- Sustainability Level of Governing Structures -- Sustainability Indicators for Different Types of Farming Enterprise -- Analysis of the Sustainability of Different Governance Structures -- Factors of Farming Enterprise Sustainability -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Nanotechnologies: Market Structuring and Competitive Strategies of Agribusiness Markets -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objectives of the Article -- New Possibilities of Nanotechnology in Agribusiness Sector -- Trends of Nanotechnology in Agribusiness Sector -- Market Size of Nanotechnology in Agribusiness Sector -- Sourced from BCC Research (2014) -- Market Segmentation of Nanotechnology in Agribusiness Sector -- Nanotech Materials in Agricultural Production Segment -- Nanotech Materials in Food Processing/Additives Segment -- Nanotech Materials in Food Packaging Segment -- Strategies for Adoption of Nanotechnology in Agribusiness Sector -- Competitive Analysis of Nanotechnology in Agribusiness Sector -- Discussion -- Practical Implications, Social and Economic Contributions -- Future Projection of Nanotechnology in Agribusiness Sector -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Mexican Coffee Agribusiness, Trends, Challenges and Goals Towards Sustainability -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Background -- 1.2. Origins of Coffee -- 1.3. Botany and Physiology -- 1.3.1. Coffea arabica -- 1.3.2. Coffea Canephora -- 1.3.3. Coffea Liberica -- 1.4. Chemical Characteristics of Coffee

In 1783, Nicolas De Launay copied Les Baignets by Jean-Honoré Fragonard, stating it was made "by his very humble and very obedient servant", an evidence of the hierarchical tensions between painters and printmakers during the eighteenth-century. However, De Launay's loyalty is not absolute, since a critical artistic statement is found at the edge: an illusory oval frame heavily adorned with leaves and fruits of Squash, Hazelnuts, and Oak. This paper wishes to acknowledge this meticulously engraved frame, and many more added to copies throughout De Launay's successful career, as highly relevant in examining his 'obedience' and 'humbleness'. With regard to eighteenth-century writings on botany and authenticity, and to current studies on the print market, I offer a new perspective in which engravers are appreciated as active commercial artists establishing an individual signature style. In their conceptual and physical marginality these decorations allow creative freedom which challenges concepts of art appropriation and reproduction, highly relevant then and today.

The second half of the 19th century was the period in which the foundations were laid for Mexico's economic policy based on agro-export from the exploitation of natural resources. For this, liberal politicians, like Matías Romero, used scientific knowledge for the exploitation of Mexican and foreign plants of great world demand harvested mainly in the southeast of the country, where forests, forests and mangroves were valued as unproductive lands. In this Mexican zone, a series of plant products demanded in the United States and Europe was intensively produced, which at the same time enriched the treasury degraded the regional biological diversity. The objective of the research is to understand the influence of scientific criteria in Romero's political-economic projects by encouraging the cultivation of Mexican and acclimatized commercial plants from 1870 to 1883 and the beginning of the environmental transformation of the southeast of the Mexican Republic. This region had been valued by the political elite as unproductive in economic terms due to the difficult recovery of agricultural activities between the Independence revolution and the 1870s. Romero's writings published between 1870 and 1883 are an example of the use of scientific criteria for economic development. ; La segunda mitad del siglo XIX fue el periodo en que se cimentó la política económica de México basada en la agroexportación a partir del aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales. Para ello, los políticos liberales, como Matías Romero, utilizaron el conocimiento científico para la explotación de plantas mexicanas y aclimatadas de gran demanda mundial, cosechadas principalmente en el sureste del país, donde selvas, bosques y manglares habían sido valorados como terrenos improductivos. En esta zona mexicana se produjo intensivamente una serie de productos vegetales demandados en Estados Unidos y Europa que a la par que enriquecieron al erario degradaron la diversidad biológica regional. La investigación tiene por objetivo comprender la influencia ...

GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, www.gecem.eu. ; https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003168058-5/european-imperialism-war-strategic-commodities-ecological-limits-manuel-d%C3%ADaz-ord%C3%B3%C3%B1ez?context=ubx&refId=b433800a-b7c6-4a92-b622-9ace89210f55 ; www.gecem.eu ; https://www.gecem.eu/publications/index.html ; Early globalization travelled in cordages and ships' sails made with thousands of tons of European hemp. The new American geographies could have served to increment its cultivation, increasing what Pomeranz defines as ghost acreage, to supply the huge demand for European cannabis. The sources for Spanish America show, in fact, a firm will to increase the cultivation of hemp to be used in naval vessels. However, a wide historical record of failures and frustrations seems incompatible with classical explanations such as European mercantilist resistance to the crop¿s transfer to the Americas. Therefore, it seems reasonable to turn to other scientific disciplines, including botany and agronomy, in order to reinterpret the scarce introduction of hemp cultivation in South America. ; GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, Horizon 2020, project hosted at UPO

Half title page -- Full title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 - Nature's Colony -- Chapter 2 - Creating a Garden -- Chapter 3 - Conservation and Forests -- Chapter 4 - A Zoo in the Gardens -- Chapter 5 - The Economic Garden -- Chapter 6 - Hortus Singaporensis -- Chapter 7 - Improving on Nature in the Labratory -- Chapter 8 - The Gardens in a Garden City -- Bibliography -- Index.