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Foreign Policies
In: International journal / Canadian Institute of International Affairs, Band 46, Heft 2, S. 352
ISSN: 0020-7020
Financing Growth: Foreign Aid vs. Foreign Loans
In: FRB of St. Louis Working Paper No. 2013-031A
SSRN
Working paper
Foreign Direct Investment, Foreign Aid and Domestic Entrepreneurship
In: https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/321262
Entrepreneurship is a vital component of economic development through innovation, job creation and efficient allocation of resources. Hence, many governments play a proactive role in facilitating entry of new firms and nourishing an entrepreneurial culture. These objectives became more relevant in recent years since fostering entrepreneurship is viewed as the cure to the global economic slowdown. This thesis addresses an essential but neglected aspect of entrepreneurship development: the impact of capital flows in the form of FDI and foreign aid on domestic firm creation. What is common to FDI and aid is that capital, skills, technological and organizational know-how move across national boundaries, altering the balance of local resources available to prospective entrepreneurs. In Chapter 2, we exploit cross-country and cross-country-industry variation over time in FDI via M&A and entrepreneurship. Results suggest that adverse effects of FDI counterbalance positive spillovers, leaving the net impact on entrepreneurship negative—though it is economically very small—both at the aggregate and industry level. Nascent entrepreneurship is affected the most by FDI, with the size of the negative effect decreasing as new firms advance in age. In the literature, heightened competition ensuing FDI is documented as the main cause of crowding-out of domestic firms. Chapter 3 thus takes a step towards understanding factors governing the FDI-entrepreneurship nexus of which we consider industry competition (concentration) and wages. We find that FDI is positively associated with both elements in Dutch manufacturing industries, which translates into increases and reductions in entry rates, respectively. This suggests that lucrative rents in concentrated markets are accessible to both foreign and domestic firms. Findings also imply that higher industry wages attract would-be entrepreneurs into wage-employment rather than pursuing a career as a new venture owner. Once the channel effects are isolated, there is no direct ...
BASE
IR/Foreign Policy Theory and German Foreign Policy
In: Journal of international relations and development, Band 12, Heft 3, S. 251-256
ISSN: 1581-1980
An introduction to this section on international relations & foreign policy. Adapted from the source document.
World Affairs Online
Post -Liberalized Foreign Trade and Foreign Investment in India
The assignation of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi (1984) and Rajiv Gandhi (1991) crushed the International Investors confidence on the unstable Indian economy. The Crises of BOP compelled India to follow the bail out conditions of IMF and to open its closed economy to the entire world, by adopting the policies of liberalization in 1991. Under liberalization the structured economic reforms were initiated in the trade, investment, deregulations, privation, tax reforms etc., these reforms encouraged the competitions and globalization was slowly embraced. The main objective of the then Govt. was to transform the Indian economic system from socialization to capitalization, so as to achieve high economic growth and industrialize the nation for its well being. However, NDA Government slows down the speed of liberalization due to coalition politics and vested political interests, but could not de-regulate the liberalization. Liberalization has changed the scenario of Indian trade and investment as many advantages are explored in these sectors. The impacts of liberalization have been seen in the foreign trade and foreign investment in India in post liberalized periods, as its imports, exports and foreign investments were reported in US$ millions 300609, 182235 and 51167 respectively in the year 2009-10, showing huge advancement from the 1991-92. Indian economy became the second largest growing economy of the world after China. Due to liberalization India reached to 124th rank out of 179th rank of economic freedom index in 2009 under PPP terms. This shows that India is stepping toward complete liberalization. This research paper tries to show the trends and interrelationship between foreign trade foreign investment, Imports Exports and FDI FPI in Post liberalized periods (1992-93 to 2009-10).The role of foreign investment in curving deficit BOT has also highlighted.
BASE
Funding foreign aid
In: FP, S. 141-155
ISSN: 0015-7228
Consequences of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings law; challenges for the new administration.
Foreign Investment
In: In: Dabrowski, M. (eds) The Contemporary Russian Economy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17382-0_13
SSRN
Foreign investments
In: The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, S. 103-111
ISSN: 0002-7162
Vaideśika vyāpāra tathyāṅka: ārthika varṣa ... = Foreign trade statistics : fiscal year
Foreign Affairs
In: Armin von Bogdandy and Jürgen Bast (eds.), Principles of European Constitutional Law, 2nd edition (Hart, 2009), pp. 309–343
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