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The paper addresses the dilemmas, contradictions and paradoxes in the Danish approach to gender quotas and gender equality and discusses the intersections of citizenship, democracy and gender justice. Gender research understands gender quota as a means to achieve equal rights, gender equality and gender parity. Gender theory has conceptualized gender parity as one step towards achieving gender justice in all arenas of social, political and economic life. The Danish cases illustrate that context matters and question gender quota as a universal strategy to achieve gender equality. The empirical focus of the paper is placed on three arenas: 1) gender quota in political governance; 2) gender quota in parental leave policies; and 3) gender quota in economic governance. The paper is primarily concerned with analyses of Danish discourses and policies in relation to the three policy areas and only to a limited extent addresses the impact of these policies and their implications for lived practice. One issue concerns the paradox of the relatively high female representation in politics without the adoption of gender quotas. A second issue concerns the gap between gender equality policies. Denmark lacks behind the other Scandinavian countries' discourses and policies about gender quota but in practice the picture is much more complex. A third issue concerns the European perspective. In relation to women's labour market participation and gender parity in politics Denmark is ahead of other European countries but lacks behind in relation to equal representation on corporate boards.

In 1995, the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (hereafter referred to as the Platform for Action) promulgated during the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women called for the use of gender mainstreaming as a strategy in policy formulations for pursuing the goals of gender equality. Feminist leaders of NGOs who joined the Taiwanese government in the mid-1990s were strategically positioned to contribute to policy formulations that would integrate gender-mainstreaming perspectives into policies and institutions in the Taiwanese government. Among the various approaches to gender-mainstreaming, taking positive actions to set pro-women policy agendas have been the predominant approach deployed by the Taiwanese government for promoting gender parity. However, the government's gender-mainstreaming strategies also include limited applications of the expert-technocratic approach to policy-making and the transversal approach for gauging public opinions through dialogues in citizens' forums to explore ways to meet the needs of women from diverse backgrounds. This article assesses the progress the Taiwanese government and civil society have made toward eliminating gender inequality as well as the specific areas that still need improvement before greater gender parity can be achieved.

Women in Tajikistan have borne the brunt of the impacts of the transition period. Women's workload has intensified because of the increasing need to contribute to the cash income of the family, to supplement family food needs with produce from a garden plot, to care for children and the sick while health and other social services have deteriorated, and all this with an unequal division of labor for household tasks between men and women. Even as income poverty rates start to fall, social indicators for women continue to deteriorate: e.g., more girls are failing to complete 9 years of education and health risks from poor nutrition and stress place pressure on maternal health. This country gender assessment (CGA) provides an overview of the gender dimensions of poverty and the factors that are contributing to differences in benefits from poverty reduction efforts in Tajikistan. In addition to supporting government efforts to promote gender equality and mainstream gender into national poverty reduction strategies, the CGA aims to ensure that Asian Development Bank (ADB) interventions respond to the conditions and priorities of women as well as men. It is also hoped that the report will be useful to the government, nongovernment organizations (NGOs), and individuals working in the field of gender and development.

This book develops a case for feminist gender training as a catalyst for disjuncture, rupture and change. Chapter 1 traces the historical development and current contours of the field of gender training. In chapter 2, the key critiques of gender training are substantively engaged with from the perspective of reflexive practice, highlighting the need to work strategically within existing constraints. Questions of transformative change are addressed in Chapter 3, which reviews feminist approaches to change and how these can be applied to enhance the impact of gender training. Chapter 4 considers the theory and practice of feminist pedagogies in gender training. In the final chapter, new avenues for gender training are explored: working with privilege; engaging with applied theatre; and mindfulness/meditation. The study takes gender training beyond its often technocratic form towards a creative, liberating process with the potential to evoke tangible, lasting transformation for gender equality.

The situation related to gender equality in Ukraine, the current rating of Ukraine in the world community, the problems faced by women in various spheres and the protection of women's rights at the state level, Ukraine's achievements in achieving equality are considered. The article is devoted to issues of gender equality, discrimination and violence in Ukrainian society.

It is determined that gender equality and observance of human rights is one of the main goals of humanity and most countries take steps to erase socio-economic differences between men and women, equal rights and opportunities for realization, protection of people from violence. The author points out the multifaceted nature of the problem of gender equality in the realities of Ukraine and the systematic discrimination of women at various levels, and also demonstrates Ukraine's achievements in creating favorable conditions for the normal and safe functioning of a person regardless of gender. Key issues related to gender in Ukraine are highlighted, including economic inequality between men and women, different opportunities in obtaining access to financial resources; inequality in the political participation of men and women, as well as the problems of Ukrainian electoral legislation, which in a certain way allows to avoid injustice in political participation. In addition, issues regarding violence and crimes of various nature by representatives of both genders are raised.

Debate about gender justice in the context of policy making has increased in the past 30 years, and both 'gender equality' and 'gender equity' are terms in widespread use. However, there is often confusion about what these mean, the distinction between them, and what this distinction might mean for strategies to address gender justice. This is particularly important in the context of health where the gap between women and men is not simply the result of gender differences but also reflects biological influences. Gender justice implies that women and men should be regarded as being of equal moral value, and that they should be treated equally in relation to access to the goods and services that both require in order to flourish. However, biological differences between them also affect their capacity to optimize their potential for health. As a result, measures that address gender equality without also explicitly considering equity can result in unjust treatment for either men or women. Adapted from the source document.

Books reviewed in this article:Sally Zanjani, A Mine of Her Own: Women Prospectors in the American West1850‐1950Mary Murphy, Mining Cultures: Men, Women, and Leisure in Butte, 1914‐41Thomas Miller Klubock, Contested Communities: Class, Gender, andPolitics in Chile's El Teniente Copper Mine, 1904‐1951

Im Recht gibt es eine Vielzahl von problematischen Konstruktionen von Geschlechterkategorien und Machtverhältnissen. Die Beiträger*innen legen diese aus Sicht der Legal Gender Studies offen und setzen sich kritisch mit bestehenden Vorstellungen im Recht auseinander. Rechtsvergleiche und Erkenntnisse aus wissenschaftlichen Nachbardisziplinen erweitern darüber hinaus die Perspektive. Auf diese Weise wird eine notwendige Brücke zwischen Kritik, rechtlicher Dogmatik und rechtswissenschaftlicher Ausbildung geschlagen. Kreative Reformvorschläge bieten zudem Ansätze für ein produktives Weiterdenken von Recht und Geschlecht.