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Search engines, such as Google or Yandex, shape social reality by informing their users about current and historical phenomena. However, there is little research on how search engines deal with contested memories, which are subjected to ontological conflicts known as memory wars. In this article, we investigate how search engines circulate information about memory wars related to the Holodomor, a mass famine caused by Soviet repressive politics in Ukraine in 1932-1933. For this aim, we conduct an agent-based audit of four search engines - Bing, DuckDuckGo, Google, and Yandex - and examine how their top search results represent the Holodomor and related memory wars. Our findings demonstrate that search engines prioritize interpretations of the Holodomor aligning with specific sides in the memory wars, thus becoming memory warriors themselves.

Machine generated contents note: -- Note on Contributors -- Editors' Introduction -- PART I: MEDIA MEMORY: THEORY AND METHODOLOGIES -- Cannibalizing Memory in the Global Flow of News; B.Zelizer -- The Democratic Potential of Mediated Collective Memory; J.A.Edy -- 'Round Up the Unusual Suspects': Banal Commemoration and the Role of the Media; V.Vinitzky-Seroussi -- Media Remembering: The Contribution of Life Story Methodology to Memory/Media Research; J.Bourdon -- PART II: MEDIA MEMORY, ETHICS AND WITNESSING -- Between Moral Activism and Archival Memory: The Testimonial Project of 'Breaking the Silence'; T.Katriel & N.Shavit -- Reclaiming Asaba: Old Media, New Media and the Construction of Memory; S.E.Bird -- Joint Memory: Mediating Evil and Suffering in a Digital Era; T.Ashuri -- PART III: MEDIA MEMORY AND POPULAR CULTURE -- Television and the Imagination of Memory ('Life on Mars'); P.Frosh -- Life History and National Memory: The Israeli Television Program 'Such a Life' (1972-2001); A.Ben-Amos & J.Bourdon -- History, Memory, and Means of Communication: The Case of Jew Süss; N.Sheffi -- Localizing Collective Memory: Radio Broadcasts and the Construction of Regional Memory; M.Neiger, E.Zandberg & O.Meyers -- Televising the Sixties in Spain: Memories and Historical Constructions; J.C.R.Laffond -- PART IV: MEDIA MEMORY, JOURNALISM AND JOURNALISTIC PRACTICE -- Obamabilia and the Historic Moment: Institutional Authority and 'Deeply Consequential Memory' in Keepsake Journalism; C.Kitch -- Telling the Unknown through the Familiar: Collective Memory as Journalistic Device in a Changing Media Environment; D.Berkowitz -- Journalism as an Agent of Prospective Memory; K.Tenenboim-Weinblatt -- Towards Memory Setting: A Theoretical Examination of the Application of Agenda Setting Methodology to Collective Memory Research; N.K.Vilenchik -- PART V: NEW MEDIA MEMORY -- Digital Media, Global Memory: Developing an Epistemology for the Globital; A.Reading -- Archive, Media, Trauma; A.P

In the generic description of Indian society, the question of memory is about passive recollection of past. But in the caste-system based Indian experience, memory is also an active source of transforming one's condition in the present and reshaping the understanding of past. Based on the fieldwork conducted on the sites of important Dalit monuments in Uttar Pradesh with a focus on the process of memory consolidation in individual and collective entities, the role of memory in mobilization of political narratives and inter-group inequality is examined. The core argument is that Dalits are unequally placed as an entity in the caste-based memory structure of collective memory; this unequal placement of Dalits is carefully constructed and mobilized by the dominant castes. In the anti-caste struggle of Dalits, collective memory consolidation has played a vital role in ideologically creating counter-memories to challenge the Hindutva meta-narratives. Yet, there continues shaping of collective memory of Dalits by dominant castes by appropriating Dalit icons. Thus, the collective memory of creating an integrated Hindu identity as the only source of identifying with the past recently has led to the marginalization of Dalits' collective memory. Overall, this article highlights the role of collective memory for a meaningful understanding of the caste politics.

A new interest in space emerged in contemporary studies of body memory. According to Merleau-Ponty, the lived body constitutes a close connection between place and memory. The real or even imagined movements of the body contribute to the recollection of places. Recently, Edward S. Casey and Thomas Fuchs highlighted the constitutive role of the body in remembering. First, the paper intends to show the intertwined relation between body memory and place memory. For instance, Casey regards Proust's madeleine experience as an instance of place memory, and he argues that the body can sustain and recollect place memories. According to Casey, modern philosophy neglected the concept of place, in which the lived body is dwelling, and introduced the concept of site; that is, the geometrical extension of a homogeneous and isotropic space. Second, the paper examines the psychological and emotional aspects of place memories. According to Fuchs, body and place memory constitute a horizontal unconscious that consists of the zones of attraction and avoidance of the lived space. Finally, the paper argues that place memory has much to offer to the phenomenological investigation of the self. Place memory eventuates the recollection of distant memories in an affectively charged form. This type of memory establishes an affective connection with the past and contributes to the preservation of personal identity.

The study of popular memory is necessarily relational. It involves the exploration of two sets of relations: (1) that between dominant memory and oppositional forms across the public field, including academic productions; and (2) the relation between public discourse and a more privatized sense of the past generated within lived culture.2 This paper is concerned with the second of these two constitutive relations in the study of popular memory—the often vexed but close linkages between public constructions and private reminiscences.

The study of memory has emerged in the early 21st century as a broad interdisciplinary endeavor across the social and physical sciences. This review critically examines the growing literature and its relevance to the sociology of memory. It assesses as well the impact of globalization on mnemonic based practices. The conclusion considers the interplay between individual and collective memory, deeply embedded in memory studies, as it evaluates future directions and challenges.

AbstractResponding to current conditions of statelessness by way of Hannah Arendt's mid- twentieth century reflections, this article proposes the aesthetic encounter as a practice of alternative, counter-national community and belonging. Artistic works exploring the vulnerabilities and the vicissitudes of statelessness by Mirta Kupferminc and Wangechi Mutu inspire a definition of stateless memory as a suspension or hiatus in time and space. Stateless memory, the article suggests, can mobilize the memory of painful pasts in a different time frame than the progression toward preordained futures that often seem inevitable in the space-time of the nation-state and the catastrophes it causes and suffers.

IMPERIAL DOMINION EXTENDS IN TIME AS WELL AS IN SPACE, ARGUES ANNE NORTON, WHO STATES THAT THE ESTABLISHMENT OF EMPIRE REQUIRES THE COLONIZATION OF TIME, THE RULE OF MEMORY. WHATEVER COURSE IT TAKES, THE COLONIZATION OF HISTORY GIVES A TEMPORAL DIMENSION TO COLONIAL SUBJUGATION AND COLONIAL RULE ACTED ON TRADITION IN DIVERSE WAYS, BUT IN EVERY CASE IT SEVERED THE TIES THAT BOUND THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE TO THE PAST. SHE CONCLUDES THAT THOUGH NATIONALIST HISTORIES SEVERED LINKS WITH MEMORY, THEY ALSO BROUGHT A MEASURE OF PRIDE AND INDEPENDENCE WITH THEM. THE POSTCOLONIAL PERIOD AND POSTSTRUCTURALISM, DECOLONIZATION AND DECONSTRUCTION, ARE CORRESPONDENT AS WELL AS COEVAL. EACH RECOGNIZES WHOLENESS AND CONTINUITY AS FICTIONS THAT IF THEY ARE NO LONGER CREDIBLE ARE ALSO NO LONGER NECESSARY.

Memory in Motion illustrates the ways that replicating a now-lost culinary practice achieves stickiness through the affective transfer of ideas and experiences for visitors in history museums. It explores how embodied re-enactment both preserves and creates memories, while instilling senses of social value, currency and meaning in the museum, and in heritage more broadly. The work also considers museums, particularly house museums, recipes, and in this instance—sponge cake—as sites of memory and nostalgia, and their contemporary relevance. By interweaving resonant fragments of the museum's collection and family (hi)stories with a performative activity embedded in memory and motion, we see the development of stickiness through a relational assemblage framework centred around emotional connections to food in the past and in the present, with a view to the future.with a view to the future.

This paper is an introduction on the Causal Theory of Memory, one of the most discussed theories in philosophy of memory in the present days. We begin with Martin & Deutscher's formulation of the theory, in which the authors present three criteria in order for a given mental state to be considered an instance of memory, amongst them, the famous causal criterion, which stipulates that a memory must be causally connected to the past experience. Subsequently, we discuss if these criteria are necessary and sufficient for memory and we present two theories that complement these criteria with an epistemic and a phenomenological criterion, i.e., the Causal Epistemic Theory and the Causal Autonoetic Theory. We then introduce the concept of memory traces, which are, according to Martin & Deutscher, the causal link between the memory and the past experience which created this memory; we present the model of traces as structural analogues and the model of distributed traces and discuss the problems which arise for each of these models of traces. Afterwards we focus on the concept of causality and present the Causal Procedural Theory, which offers a different conception of causality that does not focus on the memory traces, but on causal process itself. Lastly, we present the theory called Discontinuism, a theory about the relation between memory and imagination, which follows directly from the Causal Theory of Memory.

By refusing to see the past as over and done with, especially the past of the victims of history, commemoration becomes radical memory, not a consolation for things past nor an exercise in futile nostalgia

This essay uses memory to cut through conventional,binary distinctions that seem to offer analytical approaches to Egmont , but ultimately disappoint. It contrasts memory and history as markers of different attitudes to the past, and ways of knowing, among the drama's characters. After showing that Egmont's appeal is based on the affective immediacy that distinguishes memory from history, the essay argues that he is as much a 'new politician' as Alba and Oranien, well aware of the political power of the imagination, fully conscious of what the Spanish occupation means in Brussels, and as capable as his antagonists of a calculated response. This approach also allows a reading of the fifth act, and of Egmont's final vision, that is consistent with the rest of the play.