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THIS ARTICLE RESPONDS TO RECENT CRITICISMS OF NEOLIBERALISM. THREE TOPICS RECEIVE SPECIAL ATTENTION: MARKET IMPERFECTIONS AND ADAM SMITH'S "INVISIBLE HAND"; THE POSITIVE ROLE OF THE STATE IN BRINGING ABOUT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO THE SWEDISH EXPERIENCE); AND ISSUES OF PLURALISM AND SOCIAL "EXPERIMENTS" THAT AFFECT THE LIVES OF ACTUAL HUMAN BEINGS. THE AUTHOR DEFENDS HIS PREFERENCE FOR REGIMES IN WHICH INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM, PROPERTY RIGHTS, AND THE RULE OF LAW ARE SECURED ON BEHALF OF ALL. THEREFORE, HE ARGUES FOR AN EASTERN EUROPEAN TRANSITION TO A REGIME THAT ERECTS BARRIERS AGAINST THE STATE.

Amadeusz is a non-profit organization in Toronto, Canada, focused on fostering the opportunity among young people who experience incarceration and/or are vulnerable to the involvement in violence, and/or crime to create positive change in their lives and communities. As a non-profit organization situated in the third sector (i.e., voluntary sector), Amadeusz did experience the impacts of neoliberalism. However, it was able to successfully respond to neoliberalism and carry on with its agenda of change by adopting a dual strategy in the form of two important initiatives: The Look at My Life Project (TLMLP) and Project Quiet Storm (PQS). This article narrates the story of Amadeusz's response to neoliberalism within prison, highlighting ways in which resistance was carried out along with embracing the current neoliberal practices, policies, and institutional culture that prevents access to education for young people on remand.

Conclusion: After nearly two decades of largely uninterrupted implementation, neoliberal policies have provided but modest aggregate growth, while income and wealth disparities have increased dramatically, separating the super rich from other social classes. This is most clearly evident in Latin America, where governments, sheltered by a wall of neoliberal doctrine and international compromises, have made themselves highly resistant to popular pressures for income redistribution and changes in the existing social structures. In effect, neoliberalism - coupled with its strange brand of ballot box democracy- has managed to strangle the full array of political forces antagonistic to and resisting its project. Economic power has tended to concentrate in the hands of those social groups that share objectives of accelerated capital accumulation; benefiting themselves, their families, and their elite classes. Evidence of the undemocratic methods utilized by Latin American rulers of neoliberal democracies abound: the excessive use of presidential decrees in Menem's Argentina, the exclusion of popular leaders from consultative bodies Salinas de Gortari's Mexico, or the application of strong arm tactics in Fujimori's Peru, could start a long list.

Organizational decision-makers increasingly promote neoliberal work practices, which emphasize market processes and unrestricted deployment of organizational resources, as a means to optimize economic performance in an intensely competitive environment. A growing number of sociologists have raised questions about their tactics and pointed to negative consequences for employee well-being. We expand on this literature by using content-coded data on 217 work groups to investigate implications of neoliberalism at work for well-being of workers and firms. We especially emphasize on how neoliberal practices influence relationships and day-to-day behaviors that underwrite organizational functioning and success. Findings indicate negative ramifications, including increases in turnover and quitting, and reductions in informal peer training and effort as well as job quality. Importantly, these associations are net of any secular time trend. Qualitative materials capture how and why these relations exist and additional consequences with strong potential to undermine foundations for prosperity and future organizational success.

The classic dialectic between Realist and Liberal theories of international politics, as expressed by Robert O. Keohane, ed., in Neorealism and Its Critics and Richard Rosecrance The Rise of the Trading State, can be transcended. Neither paradigm singularly explains international behavior: Realism is the dominant approach, but liberal theories of transnationalism and interdependence help to illuminate how national interests are learned and changed. Keohane and fellow critics argue that Neorealism—articulated definitively in Kenneth Waltz's Theory of International Politics (1979)—elegantly systematizes Realism, but concentrates on international system structure at the expense of system process. Focused tightly on the concept of bipolarity, Waltz's theory tends toward stasis; the unit (state) level unproductively becomes an analytical "dumping ground." As a Neoliberal counterpoint, Rosecrance's argument does not go far enough. In the tradition of commercial liberalism, he argues that an open trading system offers states maneuverability through economic growth rather than through military conquest. He tempers his argument with Realist considerations of prudence, but fails to clarify Realist-Liberal links in his theory, or to explore fully the connections between power and non-power incentives influencing states' behavior. A synthesis of Neorealism and Neoliberalism is warranted: a systemic theory using the former to analyze at the level of structure, the latter more often at the level of process.

The neoliberal (counter)revolution / Gerard Dumenil and Dominique Levy -- From Keynesianism to neoliberalism: shifting paradigms in economics / Thomas I. Palley -- Mainstream economics in the neoliberal era / Costas Lapavitsas -- The economic mythology of neoliberalism / Anwar Shaikh -- The neoliberal theory of society / Simon Clarke -- Neoliberalism and politics, and the politics of neoliberalism / Ronaldo Munck -- Neoliberalism, globalisation and international relations / Alejandro Colas -- Neoliberalism and primitive accumulation in less developed countries / Terence J. Byres -- Neoliberal globalisation: imperialism without empires? / Hugo Radice --Neoliberalism in international trade: sound economics or a question of faith? / Sonali Deranyiagala -- 'A haven of familiar monetary practice': the neoliberal dream in international money and finance / Jan Toporowski -- From Washington to post-Washington consensus: neoliberal agendas for economic development / Alfredo Saad-Filho -- Foreign aid, neoliberalism and US imperialism / Henry Veltmeyer and James Petras -- Sticks and carrots for farmers in developing countries: agrarian neoloberalism in theory and practice / Carlos Oya -- Poverty and distribution: back on the neoliberal agenda? / Deborah Johnston -- The welfare state and neoliberalism / Susanne MacGregor -- Neoliberalism, the new right and sexual politics / Lesley Hoggart -- Neoliberal agendas for higher education / Les Levidow -- Neoliberalism and civil society: project and possibilities / Subir Sinha -- Neoliberalism and democracy: market power versus democratic power / Arthur MacEwan -- Neoliberalism and the third way / Philip Arestis and Malcolm Sawyer -- The birth of neoliberalism in the United States: a reorganisation of capitalism / Al Campbell -- The neoliberal experience of the United Kingdom / Philip Arestis and Malcolm Sawyer -- European integration as a vehicle of neoliberal hegemony / John Milios -- Neoliberalism: the eastern European frontier / Jan Toporowski -- The political economy of neoliberalism in Latin America / Alfred Saad-Filho -- Neoliberalism in sub-Saharan Africa: from structural adjustment to NEPAD / Patrick Bond -- Neoliberalism and South Asia: the case of a narrowing discourse / Matthew McCartney -- Assessing neoliberalism in Japan / Makoto Itoh -- Neoliberal restructuring of capital relations in east and south-east Asia / Dae-oup Chang

Introduction (Andy Lavender); 1. Neoliberalism, theatre, performance, inequality, and alternatives (Jen Harvie); 2. 'What the hell is water?' The arts festival and the free market (Rainer Hofmann in conversation with Liesbeth Groot Nibbelink); 3. Neoliberalism and contemporary dance in Brazil (Cristina Rosa); 4. Neoliberalism: The Break-up Tour (Sarah Woods and Andrew Simms)

Neoliberalism has become a hegemonic discourse with pervasive effects on ways of thought and political-economic practices to the point where it is now part of the commonsense way we interpret, live in, and understand the world. How did neoliberalism achieve such an exalted status, and what does it stand for? In this article, the author contends that neoliberalism is above all a project to restore class dominance to sectors that saw their fortunes threatened by the ascent of social democratic endeavors in the aftermath of the Second World War. Although neoliberalism has had limited effectiveness as an engine for economic growth, it has succeeded in channeling wealth from subordinate classes to dominant ones and from poorer to richer countries. This process has entailed the dismantling of institutions and narratives that promoted more egalitarian distributive measures in the preceding era. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright 2007 The American Academy of Political and Social Science.]