Suchergebnisse

Understanding the Recent Sino-U.S. Trade Conflict -- The Status of China's Market Economy and Structural Reforms: The Issues behind the U.S.-China Trade War -- The Day After Tomorrow: Evaluating the Burden of Trump's Trade War -- The Potential Impact of China–US BIT on China's Manufacturing Sectors -- China's International Trade Development and Opening-up Policy Design over the Past Four Decades -- Three Tasks for Building an All-around Opening-up Strategy -- Expanding Opening Up: China's Olive Branch to Globalization -- The Effect of RMB Internationalization on Belt and Road Initiative: Evidence from Bilateral Swap Agreements -- The Exceptional Performance of Chinese Outward Direct Investment Firms -- China's Free Trade Ports: Effective Action Against the Threat of De-globalization -- Processing Trade, Trade Liberalization, and Opening-Up: China's Miracle of International Trade.

- Preface and Foreword - Acronyms and abbreviations - Executive summary - The study scope, definitions and rationale - The importance of the ICT sector and threats posed by counterfeiting - Mapping global patterns in counterfeit ICT goods - Assessing the trade in counterfeit ICT products - Charting the trade routes of fake ICT goods - Trade in counterfeit ICT goods: Conclusion - Annexes.

The 2016 presidential election was one of the most divisive in recent memory, but it produced a surprising bipartisan consensus. Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, and Bernie Sanders all agreed that U.S. trade agreements should be, but are not, "fair." Although only achieving broad consensus recently, the critique that U.S. trade agreements are unfair has been around for decades. Since 1992, much of this fairness critique has focused on ensuring that trade liberalization does not undermine non-commercial values, such as environmental protection and labor conditions. Beginning with the negotiation and ratification of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in the early 1990s, governments have responded by including in their trade agreements a prohibition on the selective enforcement of environmental and labor laws. This ban — a central component of efforts to make sure that free trade agreements are, indeed, fair — aims to prevent a global race to the bottom in environmental and labor standards.These efforts have fallen wide of the mark. This Article makes two novel contributions. First, it demonstrates empirically that selective enforcement is considerably more pervasive than commonly thought. But contemporary selective enforcement is the reverse of the kind of selective enforcement that has traditionally concerned trade critics. Instead of selectively enforcing environmental and labor laws to gain a trade advantage, governments selectively enforce trade laws in ways that undermine environmental and labor interests. To illustrate, the Article presents data from trade enforcement actions in the energy and fisheries sector to demonstrate this claim. In both sectors, trade laws are enforced exclusively against natural resource substitutes, such as renewable energy and farmed fish. The natural resources with which these products compete, fossil fuels and wild fish, benefit from the same allegedly unlawful conduct but are not targeted for enforcement.Second, this Article presents a theory of how selective ...