Suchergebnisse

The aim of study was to analyze the functioning the new model of criminal corporate responsibility in Poland. The need to introduce into the Polish legal system liability of corporate (collective entities) has resulted, among others, from the Polish Republic's international commitments, in particular related to membership in the European Union. The study showed that responsibility of collective entities under the Act has a criminal nature. The main question concerns the ability of the collective entity to be brought to guilt under criminal law sense. Polish criminal law knows only the responsibility of individual persons. So far, guilt as a personal feature of action, based on the ability of the offender to feel in his psyche, could be considered only in relation to the individual person, while the said Act destroyed this conviction. Guilt of collective entity must be proven under at least one of the three possible forms: the guilt in the selection or supervision and so called organizational guilt. In addition, research in article has resolved the issue how the principle of proportionality in relation to criminal measures in response of collective entities should be considered. It should be remembered that the legal subjectivity of collective entities, including their rights and freedoms, is an emanation of the rights and freedoms of individual persons which create collective entities and through these entities implement their rights and freedoms. The whole study was proved that the adopted Act largely reflects the international legal regulations but also contains the unknown and original legislative solutions.

Band 2 der "Baden-Badener Strafrechtsgespräche" dokumentiert einen Workshop, der am 29. und 30. April 2016 in Baden-Baden zum Generalthema "Verdacht" stattfand. Die Beiträge von 24 Spezialisten aus den Bereichen Strafrechtswissenschaft, Gesetzgebung, Justiz, Strafverteidigung und Medien beleuchten das Thema aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln. Sie sind – geringfügig erweitert – in den Sammelband ebenso aufgenommen wie die intensiven und weiterführenden Diskussionen der Tagung.Insgesamt ergibt sich ein pointiertes, aber doch repräsentatives Bild der Bedeutung des "Verdachts" in seiner rechtsdogmatischen, vor allem aber auch rechtspolitischen und praktischen Wirklichkeit. Das Nachdenken über die Bedeutung des Verdachts enthüllt die alltagstheoretisch geläufige Einstiegsschwelle des Strafverfahrens als einen in materieller wie formeller Hinsicht hochsensiblen, kommunikativ-dynamischen Sinnzusammenhang, der die strafrechtliche Verfolgung von sozialen Abweichungen in spezifischer Weise strukturiert.Mit Beiträgen von:Stephan Barton, Stefan Conen, Kirstin Drenkhahn, Ralf Eschelbach, Rolf Fimmers, Thomas Fischer, Rainer Hamm, Elisa Hoven, Matthias Jahn, Simone Kämpfer, Eberhard Kempf, Stefan König, Matthias Korte, Hans-Ludwig Kröber, Werner Leitner, Cornelius Prittwitz, Rolf Raum, Sabine Rückert, Franz Salditt, Heiner Schmidt, Lorenz Schulz, Johann Schwenn, Carl-Friedrich Stuckenberg, Gerson Trüg, Thomas Weigend, Wolfgang Wohlers.

Carok is a tradition in Madurese people in the form of fight for a certain, extreme reason concerning individual's self-esteem, followed with group fight with the use of weapons, and carok implementation may cause death. In the context of formal law, carok is the manifestation of the actors' bravery in violating the rules designated in the Criminal Code, thus they must undergo years of criminal imprisonment as actors of serious criminal act. On this basis, this research explored factors causing carok actor's criminal act and the constraints the police faced in the law enforcement effort on carok actor's criminal act. The normative law or literature research approach method employed in this research emphasized on criminal law literatures, prevailing laws and regulations, court decisions, legal theories, scholars' opinions and interviews. This research took descriptive analysis form based on the approach of carok case that caused death in Decision Number 182/Pid.B/2013/PN.Bkl. From the perspective of criminal law, Carok indicates a crime that may be qualified as criminal acts of physical abuse and murder since it contains a certain period or tempo from the start to the implementation of problem, in which the actors have calmly considered any possibilities and consequences of their actions. In general, the reasons of carok actor's criminal acts are individual or group's self-esteem abuse, vengeance, inheritance distribution conflict, etc. The author expected that appropriate law enforcement will minimize Carok occurrences, such as through making of special regulation for carok actors and imposition of serious criminal sanction (imprisonment) on carok actors and improved education, especially primary education.

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