Suchergebnisse

The politics of the past and the production of historical knowledge -- Historical commissions : a conceptual framework -- Institutionalisation of historical commissions -- Historical commissions' methods of practice -- Introduction to the empirical analysis -- Diplomatic historical commissions -- Post-totalitarian historical commissions -- (Post)conflict historical commissions -- Post-colonial historical commissions -- The suitability of the historical method and contribution of the cases to the historical commissions' conceptual framework -- Placing historical commissions within the transitional justice paradigm.

AbstractThe article starts with analyzing the inherent comparative frameworks influencing the way Europe is usually mapped with regard to historical regions. Such regions have been frequently devised in terms of dualistic spatial and temporal concepts contrasting central vs. peripheral and "progressive" vs. "backward" entities. Rejecting these concepts, the study advocates a reconsideration of the spatial dimension in terms of "entangled history"/history of transfers, becoming more sensitive to the complex interplay between different regions. At the same time, the author rejects the one-sided application of "entangled history" as it absolutizes the interaction and excludes the possibility of structural analyses of the differences between transmitting and recipient societies. Therefore, he pleads for a creative combination of the comparative method with the more recent methodological precepts stressing transnational interaction.

Science and technology are at the very heart of the European project. But how to write a history of Europe in the making when using technology as an actor category and lens of analysis? This is the driving narrative behind Making Europe: Technology and Transformations (1850-2000) – a sixvolume series on the history of Europe in the «long twentieth century»1. All volumes in the series are co-authored by two or three authors and are the result of an intense debate and discussion amongst all people involved in this collective endeavor. As the series editors Johan Schot and Phil Scranton emphasize in the introduction to the series, Making Europe aims at providing a novel perspective on European history by decentering the European Union and its many predecessors and by placing the complex, desynchronized and multilayered process of Europeanization in a long-term historical perspective.

"The Holy Roman Empire lasted a thousand years, far longer than ancient Rome. Yet this formidable dominion never inspired the awe of its predecessor. Voltaire distilled the disdain of generations when he quipped it was neither holy, Roman, nor an empire. Yet as Peter Wilson shows, the Holy Roman Empire tells a millennial story of Europe better than the histories of individual nation-states. And its legacy can be seen today in debates over the nature of the European Union. Heart of Europe traces the Empire from its origins within Charlemagne's kingdom in 800 to its demise in 1806. By the mid-tenth century its core rested in the German kingdom, and ultimately its territory stretched from France and Denmark to Italy and Poland. Yet the Empire remained stubbornly abstract, with no fixed capital and no common language or culture. The source of its continuity and legitimacy was the ideal of a unified Christian civilization, but this did not prevent emperors from clashing with the pope over supremacy--the nadir being the sack of Rome in 1527 that killed 147 Vatican soldiers. Though the title of Holy Roman Emperor retained prestige, rising states such as Austria and Prussia wielded power in a way the Empire could not. While it gradually lost the flexibility to cope with political, economic, and social changes, the Empire was far from being in crisis until the onslaught of the French revolutionary wars, when a crushing defeat by Napoleon at Austerlitz compelled Francis II to dissolve his realm."--Provided by publisher

War, finance, and mercantilism -- Great divergence, fiscal-military state and economic policy -- From trading cities to territorial states -- The "military revolution" -- The rise of the fiscal state -- Different paths to public finance and fiscal systems -- European states and the crisis of the seventeenth century -- Responses to the crisis : recentering the european economy -- Mercantilism -- Naval power and global trade -- The economic war between France and Britain in the 18th century -- Economic policies -- The Italian states (16th-17th centuries) -- State, economic policy and the Portuguese empire -- Spain: empire, crisis, reforms -- The Dutch Republic : a "merchant state" -- France : state, colbertism, economic performance -- England and the UK : the mercantile system -- The economic policy of Sweden -- Russia from Peter the Great to Catherine -- State and economy in Frederick II's Brandenburg-Prussia -- The Habsburg monarchy -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Notes on Contributors -- General Editors' Preface -- 1 Resources of the City: Towards a European Urban Environmental History -- 2 A Metabolic Approach to the City: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Paris -- 3 Urban Horses and Changing City-Hinterland Relationships in the United States -- 4 'Returning to Nature': Vacation and Life Style in the Montréal Region -- 5 Citizens in Pursuit of Nature: Gardens, Allotments and Private Space in European Cities, 1850-2000 -- 6 Sustainable Naples: The Disappearance of Nature as Resource -- 7 The Struggle for Urban Space: Nantes and Clermont-Ferrand, 1830-1930 -- 8 Sanitate Crescamus: Water Supply, Sewage Disposal and Environmental Values in a Victorian Suburb -- 9 Resource Management and Environmental Transformations. Water Incorporation at the Time of Industrialization: Milan, 1880-1940 -- 10 Constructing Urban Infrastructure for Multiple Resource Management: Sewerage Systems in the Industrialization of the Rhineland, Germany -- 11 Towards the Socialist Sanitary City: Urban Water Problems in East German New Towns, 1945-1970 -- 12 Experts and Water Quality in Paris in 1870 -- 13 Noise Abatement and the Search for Quiet Space in the Modern City -- 14 Environmental Justice, History and the City: The United States and Britain, 1970-2000 -- 15 'In Stadt und Land': Differences and Convergences between Urban and Local Environmentalism in West Germany, 1950-1980 -- 16 Path Dependence and Urban History: Is a Marriage Possible? -- Index.

Science and technology are at the very heart of the European project. But how to write a history of Europe in the making when using technology as an actor category and lens of analysis? This is the driving narrative behind Making Europe: Technology and Transformations (1850-2000) – a sixvolume series on the history of Europe in the «long twentieth century»1. All volumes in the series are co-authored by two or three authors and are the result of an intense debate and discussion amongst all people involved in this collective endeavor. As the series editors Johan Schot and Phil Scranton emphasize in the introduction to the series, Making Europe aims at providing a novel perspective on European history by decentering the European Union and its many predecessors and by placing the complex, desynchronized and multilayered process of Europeanization in a long-term historical perspective.

This volume analyses cultural perceptions of safety and security that have shaped modern European societies. The articles present a wide range of topics, from feelings of unsafety generated by early modern fake news to safety issues related to twentieth-century drug use in public space. The volume demonstrates how 'safety' is not just a social or biological condition to pursue but also a historical and cultural construct. In philosophical terms, safety can be interpreted in different ways, referring to security, certainty or trust. What does feeling safe and thinking about a safe society mean to various groups of people over time? The articles in this volume are bound by their joint effort to take a constructionist approach to emotional expressions, artistic representations, literary narratives and political discourses of (un)safety and their impact on modern European society