"At a time when global debates about the movement of people have never been more heated, this book provides readers with an accessible, student-friendly guide to the subject of forced migration. Readers of this book will learn who forced migrants are, where they are and why international protection is critical in a world of increasingly restrictive legislation and policy. The book outlines key definitions, ideas, concepts, points for discussion, theories and case studies of the various forms of forced migration. In addition to this technical grounding, the book also signposts further reading and provides handy Key Thinker boxes to summarise the work of the field's most influential researchers. Drawing on decades of experience both in the classroom and in the field, this book invites readers to question how labels and definitions are used in legal, policy and practice responses, and to engage in a richer understanding of the lives and realities of forced migrants on the ground. Perfect for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in courses related to migration and diaspora studies, Introducing Forced Migration will also be valuable to policy-makers, practitioners, journalists, volunteers and aid workers working with refugees, the internally displaced and those who have experienced trafficking"--
In this research note it is intended to give both, a survey and an evaluation of the research work that has been carried out in Portugal on the economic aspects of one of the most characteristic and persistent phenomena that have been marking the life of Portuguese people: emigration. Since emigration is an extremely complex phenomenon requiring an inter-disciplinary approach, limiting this survey to covering only the economic research does, in fact, constitute a limitation which the author attempts to overcome, in part, by indicating some titles of literature in neighboring fields that will give the interested reader the possibility of access to studies that have been conducted in Portugal on other aspects of the emigration phenomenon. Apart from this, the present survey takes into consideration only the Portuguese migration to Europe and is restricted to the studies that have been produced after the occurrence of two events which have undoubtedly deeply influenced the patterns of Portuguese emigration, i.e., the crisis which shook all western European countries at the beginning of the 1970s and the political changes that took place in Portugal after April 25, 1974.
This article reviews standard sources of demographic data-censuses, intercensal surveys, registration systems, and specialized surveys and describes their inability to provide accurate data on immigrants, particularly those without documents. We discern a need for data that can identify undocumented migrants and their characteristics, measure trends over time, support longitudinal research, compare the characteristics of migrants before and after they enter, provide sufficient sample sizes for detailed analyses, study transitions between different legal statuses and movements back and forth, and monitor the effects of policy changes on a timely basis. We suggest that the ethnosurvey design satisfies these criteria. We describe the theory, structure, and organization of the ethnosurvey and then describe its application in the Mexican Migration Project. We then highlight its application in other locations around the world and outline an agenda for future comparative research.
Cover -- Front Matter -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Understanding Mortality Patterns in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies -- APPENDIX: FIVE ILLUSTRATIONS OF UNCERTAINTY: MORTALITY IN AFGHANISTAN, BOSNIA, NORTH KOREA, RWANDA, AND SIERRA LEONE -- 2 The Evolution of Mortality Among Rwandan Refugees in Zaire Between 1994 and 1997 -- 3 Famine, Mortality, and Migration: A Study of North Korean Migrants in China -- 4 Methods of Determining Mortality in the Mass Displacement and Return of Emergency-Affected Populations in Kosovo, 1998-1999 -- 5 The Demographic Analysis of Mortality Crises: The Case of Cambodia, 1970-1979 -- 6 Reflections -- Index.
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Migration during the shift from agrarian to industrial societies. -- Migration in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. -- The period of the world wars: escape, expulsion, forced labour. -- Migration and migratory policies in the Cold War. -- Europe : a continent of immigration at the end of the twentieth century.
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Der Autor untersucht die Entwicklungen und Erscheinungsformen der Migration im pazifischen Asien, welche in der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion bisher kaum beachtet werden. Er weist darauf hin, dass in den letzten ein bis zwei Dekaden ein wachsender Anteil der Bevölkerung in der Region im Wandern begriffen ist und dass - wenn man China mit einbezieht - dort vermutlich die "grösste Bevölkerungsverschiebung dieses Jahrhunderts" stattfindet. Die Binnenwanderung in China hängt mit dem grundlegenden Wandel der Lebensbedingungen eines Sechstels der Weltbevölkerung zusammen und sollte daher aufgrund der Zufälligkeit von Staatsgrenzen nicht ausgeklammert werden. Der Autor geht insbesondere auf die Arbeitsmigration ein und beschreibt die strukturellen Merkmale der aktuellen Migrationsströme in der Region, die aus den Hauptauswanderungsländern Philippinen, Indonesien und Bangladesh kommen. Nach seinen Ergebnissen sind es vor allem drei Bewegungen, die das pazifische Asien zu einem "Labor" für unterschiedliche Migrationserfahrungen machen: die Binnenmigration in China, die transnationale Migration in Südostasien und die hohe Zahl emigrierter Diaspora-Chinesen. (ICI)
"Forced migration in the 21st century is closely linked to three global developments: climate change, rapid urbanization and the lack of solutions faced by millions of displaced people. The Handbook on Forced Migration brings a critical lens to the study of these issues. By adding the often overlooked disciplines of history and philosophy, this Handbook challenges narratives on forced migration, explains contemporary challenges, and provides a call for action. Each section of the Handbook presents diverse perspectives and a range of case studies on the interaction between forced migration and climate change, urbanization and solutions. The Introduction challenges different forced migration narratives, and the Conclusion makes new arguments for standards in forced migration research. A final chapter explores potential problems for forced migrants around digital technology, This fascinating Handbook will be an important read for human rights, humanitarian and development practitioners, and for urban studies and migration scholars and students. The research-centred approach will benefit academics and policymakers undertaking new investigations"--
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Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, ausgehend von Michel Foucaults Theorie der "Governmentalität", Prakti-ken der "Rückkehrförderung irregulärer Migrant_innen" in Deutschland alsTechniken neoliberalen Regierens globaler "Migrationsströme". "Regierung" wird im Sinne Foucaults als "die Führung der Führungen" konzep-tualisiert, und umfasst somit weit mehr als den Staatsapparat. Es wird eine Genealogie von Formen der Rückkehrförderung in Deutschland aufgezeichnet, welche sich heute verstärkt auf die Person des_der irregu-lären Migrant_in beziehen. Diese Genealogie wird dann zu sich verändernden Rationalisierungen von Migrati-on und globalem Raum in Relation gesetzt. Ich komme zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Einflussnahme auf als ir-regulär subjektivierte Migrant_innen in einer neoliberalen Regierungsrationalität relevant wird,weil diese den freien Fluss der "regulären" Migrant_innen gefährden.Regulierter freier Fluss reguläre Migrant_innen wiede-rum ist in einer als globaler Raum konzeptualisierten Welt wichtig, da er einen globalen Markt für Humanka-pital darstellt.Weiterhin können aktuelle Programme der "Förderung freiwilliger Rückkehr" als neoliberale Re-gierungstechniken interpretiert werden, die sich in dasdiskursive Feld der Migration ausbreiten. Dies bedeu-tet nicht, das souveräne Techniken wie Abschiebung durch diese Techniken ersetzt wurden; vielmehr bildet sich ein diskursives Feld des "Regierens von Rückkehr" heraus, in dem souveräne und neoliberale Techniken logisch verknüpft sind und einander bedingen. Eine Fallstudie, die in einer der in mehreren Bundesländern speziell zur Rückkehrförerung gegründeten Institution durchgeführt wurde, untersucht schliesslich Regie-rungstechniken im Feld "Rückkehr" auf institutioneller Ebene, und gibt einen Einblick in Subjektivierungen und Konzeptualiserungen der Arbeit und Zielsetzungen dieser Institution durch ihren Direktor. Auch hier, in einer Einrichtung, in der verschiedene (souveräne udnd liberale) Techniken der Rückkehrförderung zusam-menspielen, dominieren neoliberale Rationalisierungen der irregulären Migrant_innen und der angewandten Massnahmen. ; Starting from Michel Foucault's theory of governmentality, this thesis analyses practices of "fostering return of irregular migrants" in Germany as a neoliberal technique of governing global "flows of migration". "Gov-ernment" is understood through Foucault as the "conduct of conduct", and thus comprises far more than merely state institutions. The thesis traces a genealogy of fostering return in different forms in Germany, showing that current forms increasingly target irregular migrants. This genealogy is then set in relation to changing rationalizations of migration and world space. I conclude that exercising influence on migrants subjectivized as irregular becomes relevant within a neoliberal rationality of government, because they en-danger the free flow of "regular" migrants. A regulated, free flow of regular migrants in turn is important in a world conceptualized as a global space, because it represents a necessary global market of human capital. Furthermore, current programs of fostering "voluntary return" can be interpreted as neoliberal techniques of government, which are spreading into the discursive field of migration. This does not, however, mean that sovereign techniques such as deportation are being replaced. Rather, a discursive field of "governing return" is opened up, in which neoliberal and sovereign techniques are logically connected and depend on each oth-er. A case study, realized in one of the institutions founded specifically in order to foster return in different federal states in Germany, finally investigates upon government techniques in the field of "return" on an in-stitutional level, and offers insights into the subjectivization and conceptualizationsof the institution's aims and work practices by its director. I find that within the institution, which is active at the intersection of dif-ferent (neoliberal and sovereign) techniques of fostering return, neoliberal rationalizations of the irregular migrants and the applied measures dominate as well.
Socio-economic change and human mobility are constantly interactive processes, so to ask whether migration or development comes first is nonsensical. Yet in both popular and political discourse it has become the conventional wisdom to argue that promoting economic development in the Global South has the potential to reduce migration to the North. This carries the clear implication that such migration is a 'bad thing,' and that poor people should stay put. In other words, the idea is that encouraging international migration now may help create conditions conducive to eliminating – or at least reducing – it in the future. This belief in the positive consequences of migration for development represents a reversal of dominant views prior to the 1990s, according to which migration represented a loss of labor and human capital likely to hold back development of origin countries. This article explores the processes and reasoning behind changing views on migration and development in the European Union and Asia, arguing that social-scientific and political discourses are often closely linked, and that this can have negative consequences both for the advancement of knowledge and for policy development. The article proposes an alternative view of human mobility as a normal part of social transformation processes. Migrating in search of better opportunities and greater human security is a way in which people can exercise agency to improve their livelihoods. Embedding migration studies in an analysis of contemporary social transformation processes can help overcome the frequent separation between migration research and mainstream social theory, and may contribute to improved international cooperation in the migration field.
