Suchergebnisse

There are also theoretical issues such as: adequacy of this discipline of knowledge to the analysis of the realities of public action in Poland. This issue arises due to the fact that public policy emerged as a discipline of knowledge in the Anglo-Saxon tradition, on the basis of its specificity. Moreover, the theories evident in public policy science have been developed in the West, mainly in America. The local realities were the basis. Therefore, the question arises whether we should build our theories or adapt those that have been developed elsewhere. Meanwhile, we do not have many or even most elements of the Anglo-Saxon tradition, even in terms of the size of our analytical achievements. We are not even inclined to conduct such an advanced analysis of social and economic phenomena. Hence, it seems important to me to ask about the theoretical potential of this discipline in relation to the analysis of public activities in Poland.

Increasing concern about political "sleaze" prompted the establishment, in 1995, of the Standing Committee of Standards in Public Life & the announcement, in 1999, of proposals to reform political party finance in the UK. A "public choice" analysis predicts "opportunism" by representatives at the expense of "rationally ignorant" voters. It commends constitutional constraints to restrict the range of policy options open to representatives. By contrast, a "transactions costs" approach suggests that electoral competition can offer protection when voters rely on "party signal" as a low-cost information source. If voters reduce transactions costs by relying on party signal, politicians have an incentive to maintain party reputation. Representatives are more willing than might otherwise be anticipated to accept the need for regulation if this serves to protect reputation. 3 Tables, 2 Appendixes, 47 References. Adapted from the source document.

Esler reviews 'Federalism and Environmental Policy' by Denise Scheberle.

Briefly outlined are key federal government policy issues in the field of public technology: federal efforts to stimulate the dissemination, adoption, & implementation of new knowledge, hardware, systems, or techniques by state & local governments. A number of conceptual approaches to the analysis of these issues is suggested, & recent research & analyses pertinent to the issues raised are described. While a number of conceptual approaches appear promising for analysis of public technology policies, innovative behavior under nonmarket & quasimarket conditions is poorly understood, & the few systematic, empirical studies that have been done raise as many questions as they answer. AA.

In 1992, with the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro and the subsequent Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the world changed for the science of taxonomy. Many taxonomists appear not to have noticed this change, but it has significantly altered the political climate in which taxonomic research is undertaken. By the late 1990s it was clear that effective implementation of the CBD needed the participation of and funding for the taxonomic community. In this paper, I chart the rise of the Global Taxonomy Initiative (GTI), review some of its goals and explore how it interacts with the CBD. The interactions of the GTI with the Global Environment Facility, a potential funding body, are explored, as are the possible synergies between the GTI and the many other global initiatives linking to taxonomy. Finally, I explore some of the challenges ahead as taxonomy begins to take a front seat in the implementation of environmental policy on the world stage.