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This book takes an in-depth look at China's national economic development strategy promulgated by the CPC at its Nineteenth National Congress, held in October 2019, from a historical and scientific perspective. Each of the fifteen chapters discusses one aspect of the new strategy by tracing its core ideas to their theoretical and historical roots. The wide range of topics covered include foundational, strategic, tactical and practical issues such as China's commitment to socialism, innovation, entrepreneurship and consumer spending, tax and fiscal reform, job-creation, rural development, and digital trade. This book will be of interest to China scholars studying the evolution of the country's approach to economic development and the larger historical context of the latest strategic plans that will shape China's economic outlook in the next few decades. He Dexu is the president and researcher of the National Academy of Economic Strategies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the professor and doctoral supervisor at the Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. He also serves as the executive director of the China Finance Society and the vice president of the China Rural Finance Society. Du Zhixiong is researcher and former vice president of the National Academy of Economic Strategies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. His research areas include rural non-agricultural industry, rural SME finance. Xia Jiechang is the vice president and researcher of the National Academy of Economics Strategies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. He is also the director of the Department of Comprehensive Economic Research, and professor and doctoral supervisor at the Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

Los conceptos bioeconómicos modernos invocan la importancia de definir los derechos de propiedad posibles de ser llevados a cabo dentro del contexto de gestión. La investigación pesquera debe considerar las expectativas locales, en cuanto a los investigadores, administradores, mayoristas, las industrias, el público en general, y necesita volver al nivel de comunidades o pescadores. Partiendo de ese supuesto, realizase un análisis bioeconómico de la pesquería costera de Pernambuco, Nordeste de Brasil, dirigido a las pesquerías costeras de línea y redes de fondo. Se puede considerar como parte de un proyecto de planificación regional, en virtud de las peculiaridades sociales, económicas y culturales encontradas, el bajo Índice de Desarrollo de Humano (HDI) existente en esta Región, y la importancia de inserción social de las comunidades pesqueras menos favorecidas. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue aplicar un modelo bioeconómico pesquero desarrollado para las pesquerías del Mar Mediterráneo Norte-occidental, denominado MEditerranean FIsheries Simulation TOols - MEFISTO (Herramientas de Simulación de Pesquerías Mediterráneas), justificado por algunas similitudes existentes entre las pesquerías costeras de esa Región y del Estado de Pernambuco, entre las cuales la diversidad de especies y de los artes de pesca, las variaciones estacionales de las capturas, la comercialización, la dinámica de las flotas, etc. El modelo permitió extraer importantes contribuciones para la comprensión de la dinámica de la pesca costera, haciendo posible reproducirse las condiciones generales de como ocurre la actividad, así como simular las estrategias alternativas de gestión. Fue posible también observar y analizar las condiciones económicas, que pueden contribuir para que los tomadores de decisión logren un desarrollo sostenible de la actividad, de forma que las generaciones futuras también puedan beneficiarse del recurso. Para lograr los objetivos definidos, se plantearon cuestiones que involucran estos aspectos: ¿La planificación actual y las medidas de gestión para la pesca costera son adecuadas a la realidad local?; ¿Hay necesidad de quitar la presión/esfuerzo de las pesquerías tradicionales y diversificar la actividad para otros recursos y/o áreas de pesca?; y ¿Hay alguna viabilidad para invertir en la pesca costera? Así, las hipótesis levantadas, considerando las estrategias para llevar a cabo las medidas de gestión, son: La importancia de aplicar y adecuar modelos bioeconómicos para la gestión de la actividad pesquera de pequeña escala existente; Los niveles de biomasa actual de los estocs de peces de importancia económica son preocupantes y hay una necesidad para diversificar las pesquerías existentes; y La actividad de pesca de pequeña escala debe ser una prioridad de las políticas gubernamentales para el desarrollo sostenible del sector pesquero. El estudio propuesto fue desarrollado para apoyar los procedimientos de valoración y puede ser considerado como un factor determinante en la capacidad para el desarrollo de sistemas de valoración a ser aplicados para establecer los límites potenciales en el desarrollo de la investigación científica. Ciertamente, aun se necesita mucho trabajo para perfeccionar un modelo bioeconómico de gestión para la pesquería costera de Pernambuco, pero con ajustes y un análisis cuidadoso fue posible obtener resultados importantes e informaciones para la gestión de las pesquerías. De las hipótesis levantadas se puede concluir que el uso de modelos bioeconómicos para la valoración de estas pesquerías mostró ser una herramienta muy importante para la administración, que puede tener las informaciones basadas en los conceptos científicos para la definición y aplicación de estrategias de gestión para el desarrollo de las pesquerías; para la comunidad científica, que puede mejorar el conocimiento de la dinámica poblacional de los estocs pesqueros de Pernambuco y la dinámica de las flotas; y para los pescadores, que pueden conjugar sus conocimientos empíricos con las informaciones de rendimientos del modelo para mejorar sus estrategias de pesca. De un punto de vista biológico y económico parece que las pesquerías costeras de línea y red de fondo de Pernambuco han alcanzado un equilibrio. Pero, la susceptibilidad de los estocs y la fragilidad institucional y productiva pueden indicar, que un estado crítico es evidente, llevando a la ineficacia económica, puesto que no es el resultado de una acción planeada. De los resultados obtenidos no hay evidencia del agotamiento de los estocs de peces comerciales, considerando las especies blancos de las pesquerías de línea y red, pero hay la necesidad de diversificar esas pesquería, porque cualquier aumento en el esfuerzo de pesca colapsaría esos estocs. Ese equilibrio biológico y económico debe mantenerse, con la aplicación de medidas de gestión para la reducción del nivel actual de esfuerzo, juntamente con medidas que pueden atender las demandas de los pescadores. Sin embargo, la actividad pesquera de pequeña escala debe ser una prioridad de las políticas gubernamentales para el desarrollo sostenible del sector, mostrando ser económicamente viable, deseable del punto de vista social y ecológicamente adecuada ; Os conceitos bioeconômicos modernos invocam a importância para definir os direitos de propriedade possíveis de serem implementados dentro do contexto de gestão. A pesquisa pesqueira deve considerar as expectativas locais, para os pesquisadores, administradores, atacadistas, as indústrias, o público em geral, e precisa ser devolvido ao nível de comunidades ou pescadores. Seguindo este conceito, realizou-se uma análise bioeconômica da pesca costeira do Estado de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil, dirigida à pesca de linha-de-mão e à de rede-de-espera. Pode-se entendê-la como parte de um projeto de planejamento regional, em virtude das peculiaridades sociais, econômicas e culturais, o baixo Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (HDI) existente nesta Região, e a importância da inserção social das comunidades menos favorecidas. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi aplicar um modelo bioeconômico pesqueiro desenvolvido para as pescarias da região Noroeste do Mar Mediterrâneo, denominado MEditerranean FIsheries Simulation TOols - MEFISTO (Ferramentas de Simulação de Pescarias Mediterrâneas), o qual justifica-se por algumas semelhanças existentes entre as pescarias costeiras do Mediterrâneo e do Estado de Pernambuco, tais como diversidade de espécies e petrechos de pesca, variações sazonais das capturas, o processo de comercialização, a dinâmica de frotas, etc. O modelo permitiu extrair contribuições significantes para a compreensão da dinâmica de pesca litorânea, tornando possível reproduzir as condições gerais de como a atividade ocorre e simular estratégias alternativas de gestão. Também foi possível observar e analisar as condições econômicas que podem contribuir para que os tomadores de decisão alcancem um desenvolvimento sustentável da atividade, de forma que gerações futuras também possam beneficiar-se do recurso. Para alcançar os objetivos definidos, algumas perguntas considerando esses aspectos foram levantadas: O planejamento atual e as medidas de gestão para a pesca litoral são adequadas à realidade local?; Há alguma necessidade em remover a pressão/esforço sobre os estoques tradicionais e diversificar a atividade de pesca costeira para outros recursos e/ou áreas de pesca?; e Há alguma viabilidade em investir na pesca litoral? Assim, as hipóteses levantadas, considerando as estratégias para implementar medidas de gestão, foram: A importância em aplicar e adequar modelos bioeconômicos para a gestão da atividade de pesca de pequena escala existente; Os níveis de biomassa atual dos estoques de peixe de importância comercial são preocupantes e há uma necessidade em diversificar as pescarias existentes; e A atividade de pesca de pequena escala deve ser uma prioridade das políticas governamentais para o desenvolvimento sustentável do setor pesqueiro. O estudo proposto foi desenvolvido para apoiar os procedimentos de avaliação, e pode ser considerado como um fator determinante na capacidade para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de avaliação a serem aplicados para estabelecer os limites potenciais no desenvolvimento da pesquisa científica. Certamente muito trabalho ainda é necessário antes que um modelo bioeconômico para a pesca costeira do Estado de Pernambuco seja aperfeiçoado, mas com alguns ajustes e análise criteriosa foi possível obter resultados importantes e informações para a gestão da pesca. Das hipóteses levantadas pode-se concluir que o uso de modelos bioeconômicos para a avaliação dessas pescarias mostrou ser uma ferramenta importante para a administração, que pode ter informações fundamentadas em evidências científicas para a definição e implementação de estratégias de gestão para o desenvolvimento de pescarias; para a comunidade científica, que pode enriquecer conhecimentos sobre a dinâmica de populações pesqueiras da costa pernambucana e a dinâmica de frotas; e para os pescadores, que podem igualmente enriquecer seus conhecimentos empíricos com os resultados do modelo e melhorar suas estratégias de pesca. De um ponto de vista biológico e econômico parece que as pescarias de linha-de-mão e de rede-de-espera alcançaram um equilíbrio. A suscetibilidade dos estoques pesqueiros e a fragilidade institucional e produtiva podem indicar, entretanto, que um estado crítico é evidente, conduzindo a ineficiência econômica, posto que não é o resultado de uma ação planejada. Dos resultados obtidos não há nenhuma evidência de que os estoques de peixes comercialmente importantes estejam esgotados, considerando as espécies alvo das pescarias de linha-de-mão e de rede-de-espera, mas há a necessidade de diversificar a pesca existente, porque qualquer aumento do esforço de pesca se colapsariam esses estoques. Esse equilíbrio biológico e econômico deve ser mantido, no entanto com a implementação de medida de conservação que encoraja a redução do nível atual de esforço, juntamente com medidas que possam atender as reinvidicações dos pescadores. Evidenciou-ser que a atividade de pesca em pequena escala deve ser uma prioridade de políticas governamentais para desenvolvimento sustentável do setor pesqueiro, mostrando ser economicamente viável, desejável no ponto de vista social e ecologicamente adequado. ; Modern bioeconomic concepts invoke the importance to define the property rights possible to be implemented within a management context. In conducting a fishery research, local expectancies must be achieved, as for fisheries researchers, managers, stakeholders, industries, the concerned public at large, and it need to be devolved down to the level of communities or fishermen. Following this concept, a bioeconomic analysis of the coastal fishery of Pernambuco State, North-eastern Brazil, was conducted, directed to the hand-line and gillnet coastal fisheries management, as part of a regional planning project, in virtue of the found social, economic and cultural peculiarities, the existing low Human Development Index (HDI) of this Region, and the importance of social insertion of the less favoured fishing communities. The main objective of this study was to apply a bioeconomic fishing model developed for the North-western Mediterranean Sea fisheries, named MEditerranean FIsheries Simulation TOols - MEFISTO, justified by some existing similarities among Mediterranean and Pernambuco State coastal fisheries, such as diversity of species and fishing gears, seasonal variations of the captures, commercialisation process, fishing fleet dynamics, etc. The model allowed significant contributions for the understanding of the coastal fishing dynamics, making possible to reproduce the general conditions on how the activity occurs and to simulate alternatives management strategies. Also, it was possible to observe and analyse its economic conditions, helping decision-makers to achieve a sustainable development of the activity, so that future generations can also benefit from the resource. To achieve the defined objectives, questions concerning these aspects were raised: Current planning and management measures for the coastal fishery are adequate to the local and actual reality?; Is there a necessity to remove the pressure/effort on the traditional fishing stocks and to diversify the coastal fishery activity for other resources and/or fishing areas?; and Is there any feasibility to invest in the coastal fishery? Thus, the hypotheses raised considering the strategies to implement management measures were: The importance to apply and adequate bioeconomic model for the management of the small-scale existing fishing activity; Most important commercial fish stocks are depleted, with low biomass levels, and there is a necessity to diversify the existing fishery; and The small-scale fishing activity must be a priority of governmental policies for the sustainable development of the fishery sector. The proposed study was thus developed to support assessment procedures, and may be considered as a determining factor in the capacity for the development of assessment systems to be applied to establish the potential limits in the development of scientific research. Certainly much more work is needed before a bioeconomic model of the Pernambuco coastal fishery can be perfected, but with some adjustment and careful analysis it was possible to obtain important results and informations for fisheries management. From the raised hypotheses can be concluded that the use of bioeconomic models for the assessment of these fisheries showed to be a very important tool for the administration, which may have informations based on scientific advise for the definition and implementation of management strategies for fisheries development; for the scientific community, which may improve knowledge on the population dynamics of the fishing stocks off Pernambuco and the dynamics of fishing fleets; and for the fishermen, which can join their empirical knowledge with the model outputs informations to improve their fishing strategies. From a biological and economic point of view it seems that Pernambuco State handline and gillnet coastal fisheries has reached an equilibrium. The stock susceptibility and the institutional and productive fragility may indicate that a critical state is evident, leading to economic inefficiency, since it is not the result of a planned action. From the results obtained there is no evidence of commercial fish stocks depletion, inasmuch the target hand-liners and gill-netters species are considered, but that there is a necessity to diversify these fisheries, because any increase in fishing effort would collapse these commercial stocks. Such a biological and economic equilibrium should be maintained, nonetheless with the implementation of management conservation measures that encourage the reduction of the current level of effort, jointly with measures that can bring about fishermen claim. It became clear that the small-scale fishery activity must be a priority of governmental policies for the sustainable development of the fishery sector, showing to be economic viable, desirable on the social point of view and ecologically adequate. ; Postprint (published version)

The ILO was founded for social justice, a mandate expressed today in terms of decent work as a global goal, for all who work, whether in formal or informal contexts. In June 2002, the delegates to the International Labour Conference from governments, workers' and employers' organizations adopted a resolution incorporating conclusions on decent work and the informal economy. The four components of decent work – opportunities for employment and income, respect for rights at work, social protection and stronger social dialogue – form the backbone of the ILO's approach to the informal economy. These elements can also be seen through a development lens, and necessarily feature a strong gender dimension. To make the action foreseen by the ILC conclusions more easily operational in a cross-disciplinary way, the issues they address can be cast in terms of macro policy, governance, enhancement of productivity, markets and employment, social protection/addressing vulnerabilities, and representation and voice. All play key roles in poverty reduction. Moreover, recognizing the importance of measuring progress towards decent work, developments in relation to indicators are briefly described. This paper includes annexes reproducing the ILC conclusions along with two relevant resolutions adopted by the International Conference of Labour Statisticians and a list of ILO websites that address various aspects of decent work and the informal economy.

"This Handbook presents established and innovative perspectives on involving older adults as co-creators in ageing research. It reorients research and policy toward more inclusive and adequate designs that capture the voices and needs of older adults. The Handbook: - introduces types of participatory approaches in ageing research; - highlights key methodological aspects of these approaches; - gives insights from projects across different cultural contexts and academic disciplines, showing ways in which older participants can be involved in co-designing different stages of the research cycle; - examines key issues to consider when involving older participants at each step of the research process; - includes the voices of older adults directly; - draws out conclusions and points ways forward for future research. This Handbook will be essential reading for researchers and students interested in the field of ageing and/or participatory methods, as well as for those policy stakeholders in the fields of ageing and demographic change, social and public policy, or health and wellbeing who are interested in involving older adults in policy processes. It will be useful for third sector advocacy organisations and international non-governmental and public agencies working either in citizen involvement/participation or the ageing sector"--

International audience ; For a century and more, the idea of democracy has fuelled musicians' imaginations. Seeking to go beyond music's proven capacity to contribute to specific political causes, musicians have explored how aspects of their practice embody democratic principles. This may involve adopting particular approaches to compositional material, performance practice, relationships to audiences, or modes of dissemination and distribution. Finding Democracy in Music is the first study to offer a wide-ranging investigation of ways in which democracy may thus be found in music. A guiding theme of the volume is that this takes place in a plurality of ways, depending upon the perspective taken to music's manifold relationships, and the idea of democracy being entertained. Contributing authors explore various genres including orchestral composition, jazz, the post-war avant-garde, online performance, and contemporary popular music, as well as employing a wide array of theoretical, archival, and ethnographic methodologies. Particularattention is given to the contested nature of democracy as a category, and the gaps that frequently arise between utopian aspiration and reality. In so doing, the volume interrogates a key way in which music helps to articulate and shape our social lives and our politics.

During the last 30 years, the Republicans have espoused an interesting assortment of economic, international, & social conservatism, with each aspect having more prominence at distinct times. Examining key votes throughout this period, we assess how the most recent converts to the party, those from southern states, align with Republicans from other regions on each of these three dimensions. We also estimate the relative importance of each of the three dimensions annually during this period. Finally, we examine whether the lack of coherence that haunted the Congressional Democrats through the first half of the Cold War era has merely found a new resting place in the Republican Party. To analyze these issues, House role call votes from 1975 to 2000 are examined to determine how closely southern & non-southern Republicans are aligned. Next, various issue dimensions are reviewed to assess how party cohesion is affected when different sets of issues take on greater legislative importance. Our findings confirm that issue dimensions affect party cohesion & that regional differences are an important distinction to consider when analyzing House Republicans in a modern context. 7 Tables, 2 Figures, 22 References. Adapted from the source document.

Good for Me and Good For My Region. The Ambivalences of Responsible Everyday Food Literacy Between Self-Referentiality and Locavoracity. This paper is based on two interdisciplinary empirical surveys at the University of Luxembourg (quantitative and qualitative), carried out in the transnational context of Luxembourg and the surrounding Greater Region, allowing for comparative results of consumption dynamics between regions in Luxembourg, Germany, France and Belgium. It aims to analyse everyday appropriations of 'responsible' eating habits – seen as a set of plural ways of how people put into practice plural ideas of sustainability. To find out by which motivations the motor for 'responsible' consumption is driven, the notion of sustainability is characterised by quantitative indicators of possible sustainability in the food domain, relating to consumed foods or to individual criteria of food selection. Subsequently, qualitative interviews provide insights into the meanings of, and values behind, those indicators, uncovering everyday priorities, appropriations and strategies of consumption, as well as its justifications in a perspective of spatial identification. By contrasting arguments about food consumption ideals and practices, the results show a marked dialectic between self-referentiality and a general interest in food's provenance, understood as regionally produced. This 'locavorous' form of regionality favours a (new) consciousness of geolocalized context of food production, which may, in turn, have an impact on the overall food literacy, increasingly seen as a political field of citizen action for lowering carbon transport emissions, fostering community identifications and anchoring local socio-economic valorizations. This shows which aspects of the polysemic idea of sustainability are relevant to consumers' preoccupations, and to what extent consumers are reflexive in their 'responsible' food choices.

Abstract
Climate change litigation (climate litigation) has increased worldwide partly due to governments enacting laws to comply with global climate change agreements, as well as courts playing a pivotal role in developing related precedents. By analysing Tanzania's climate litigation in the context of worldwide trends, one may observe that the courts have addressed critical aspects of climate litigation, although their doing so has not been fully acknowledged in some of the contemporary literature. Also, unlike in other jurisdictions, the courts in Tanzania have not referred to numerous instructive precedents. This shortcoming may be attributed partly to the lack of a comprehensive climate change law, the legal impediments to instituting public interest litigation, and a general lack of enthusiasm for researching and probing current court precedents on the part of counsel and the judiciary. This commentary advocates enacting comprehensive climate change legislation and enhancing the capacity of civil society, non-governmental organizations, the Bar, and the judiciary to engage with contemporary developments in climate change impacts and related litigation.

Even though most of the causes of corruption are easily identifiable at the macro level, there is considerable disagreement when it comes to the intrinsic motivations leading people to engage in this activity. The present paper tries to shed light on the aspect concerning the correlation between corruption and individual performance. This is useful for understanding the dynamics of common events like medical students attempting to bribe their way towards becoming a doctor, or companies bribing public officials to obtain licenses to build public highways, buildings, or provide electricity and water. However, corruption's secretive nature makes it difficult to obtain trustworthy qualitative data on this subject. Hence, the study addresses the issue in the lab, through an experiment based on a bribery game. The results show that there is a significant correlation between performance and propensity to engage in a corrupt activity, opening the way for an improvement in the allocation of resources to reduce this negative phenomenon.

International audience ; The Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan of 2015 establishes an administrative structure for power sharing, establishes the security conditions for the transition period, and provides structures for the administration of justice and the fight against corruption. It also establishes constitutional parameters with the aim of peacebuilding and state building, and supports nation building plans. All these projects are meant to transform the Republic of South Sudan from a post-conflict state to a democratic and stable state. The political aspects of the agreement are not counting on a participatory democracy but on pacts among elites, with the hope that these elites will discover by themselves the meaning of a common national destiny. ; L'Accord de 2015 sur la résolution du conflit dans la République du Sud Soudan établit une structure administrative de partage de pouvoir, érige des conditions de sécurité pour la période de transition, fournit des structures pour l'administration de la justice et pour la lutte contre la corruption. Il établit également des paramètres constitutionnels dans le but de consolider la paix et l'État et pour soutenir la construction nationale, le tout pour transformer la République du Sud Soudan d'un État post-conflit en un État démocratique et stable. Les aspects politiques de l'Accord ne misent pas sur une démocratie participative mais, sur des pactes entre élites qui, on espère, découvriront par elles-mêmes le sens d'un destin national commun.

""Readings in Syrian Prison Literature" is a comprehensive study of the contemporary genre of prison literature (adab al-sujun) produced by political detainees in Syria over the past five decades. It examines the intertwined relationships between prison writings, oppositional political movements in Syria, modern Arabic literary experimentalism, and global human rights discourse"--